بررسی پایداری گاوداری‌های کوچک‌مقیاس روستایی استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد توسعۀ روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

در ایران بیش از 4/96 درصد کل گاوداری‌ها (شامل بیش از 7/68 درصد گاو و گوساله) کمتر از 20 رأس دام دارند، که بیش از دوسوم شیر و بخش عمدة پروتئین حیوانی را تولید می‌کنند. همچنین، سهم عظیمی از منابع آب و زمین و نیروی کار در خدمت این بخش تولید است. به‌رغم این سهم بزرگ، پژوهش‌های علمی به این بخش کمتر پرداخته‌اند. پرسش اصلی این است که آیا نظام سنتی تولید در گاوداری‌های روستایی بازدهی مناسبی دارند آیا با توجه به تحول‌های اقتصادی و سیاستی، قادر به بقا و تداوم فعالیت هستند؟ در این تحقیق، با توجه به نبود تعریف مشخص از گاوداری روستایی در آغاز ساختار نمایندۀ گاوداری روستایی تعریف شد. بر این‌ پایه، گاوداری نماینده به‌طور میانگین یک گلۀ 05/6 رأسی در گسترة 16/201 مترمربعی است. با برآورد قیمت اجتماعی نهاده‌ها و محصولات، شاخص‌های نسبت هزینۀ منابع داخلی، DRC، نسبت هزینه به منفعت اجتماعی، SCB و سودآوری خالص اجتماعی، NSP، به ترتیب برابر با 85/1، 086/1 و 19.425.790- ریال در سال محاسبه شد که گویای نبود مزیت نسبی این نظام تولیدی است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل نتایج نشان داد کوچک‌مقیاس بودن این فعالیت‌ها، خود موجب استفادۀ بیش‌ازحد از نهاده‌های غیرقابل‌مبادله به ازای هر واحد دام می‌شود و تولید اندک هر واحد دام به ازای نهاده‌های مورداستفاده نیز از دلایل اصلی نبود مزیت نسبی این نظام تولیدی در استان زنجان هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment the stability of rural small-scale dairy farms in the Zanjan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Heydar Gholizadeh 1
  • Esmaeel Akhbar 2
  • Ali Shams 3
1 Associate Professor, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension & Education, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Former M.Sc. Student of Rural Development, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Extension & Education, University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In Iran, more than 96.4 percent of dairy farms (including more than 68.7 percent of cattle and calf) have a less than 20 heads of animals, and they produce more than two-thirds of milk and most of animal protein. Also, large shares of water, land and labor force resources are used by this production section. Less scientific studies have been focused on this production system despite it's major contribution. The main question is whether the rural dairy farms with traditional production system have a suitable efficiency, and whether they could pass economic and political transformation, survive and continue production? In this study, structure of representative rural dairy farm was defined. Accordingly, representative farm on average contains 6.05 heads in the stalls area of 201.16 m2. Through estimated the social cost of inputs and products, indicators of Domestic Resource Cost, DRC, Social Cost-Benefit, SCB, and Net Social Profit, NSP, had been calculated 1.85, 1.086, and 19, 425, 790 IRR per year, respectively, which indicate the lack of comparative advantage of this production system. Analysis of the results revealed that the small scale of the activities that cause excessive use of non-tradable inputs per unit livestock, as well as low production of each livestock per inputs used, are the main reasons of lack of comparative advantage of this production system in Zanjan Province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Comparative Advantage
  • rural small-scale dairy farm
  • Zanjan Province

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 فروردین 1395

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