اثر دفعات خوراک دهی روی قابلیت هضم، تولید و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیرده: متاآنالیز و متارگرسیون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشگاه زنجان

2 کارشناس ارشد، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استاد، دانشگاه زنجان

4 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج و محقق ارشد (دکتری تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان)، شرکت زانیار آریایی، تهران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات تحویل جیرۀ کاملاً مخلوط‌شده روی قابلیت هضم در کل دستگاه گوارش، تولید و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیرده با استفاده از روش‌های متاآنالیز و متارگرسیون بود. در این مطالعه از 14 آزمایش شامل 25 مقایسۀ آماری بین گروه‌های آزمایشی (دفعات خوراک‌دهی بیشتر) و شاهد (دفعات خوراک‌دهی کمتر) که شرایط لازم برای متاآنالیز را داشتند، استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش اندازۀ اثر در نرم‌افزار STATA/SE آنالیز شدند. افزایش دفعات خوراک‌دهی در روز، مادۀ خشک مصرفی را کاهش داد (تفاوت میانگین وزن‌داده‌شده = 134/0‒ کیلوگرم در روز)، اما اثری روی تولید شیر نداشت. سطح علوفۀ جیره و روزهای شیردهی، منابع ناهمگنی تفاوت میانگین استانداردشدۀ مادۀ خشک مصرفی بودند. در این متاآنالیز دفعات خوراک‌دهی بیشتر اثری بر غلظت چربی شیر و غلظت و تولید پروتئین شیر نداشت. افزایش دفعات خوراک‌دادن، قابلیت هضم الیاف را بهبود داد (تفاوت میانگین وزن‌داده‌شده = 663/5 درصد). نتایج متارگرسیون تک‌متغیره نشان داد که افزایش دفعات خوراک‌دهی در جیره‌های با سطح غلات بالا باعث بهبود قابلیت هضم الیاف گاوهای شیرده شد، اما در جیره‌های با سطح علوفۀ بالا باعث کاهش هضم الیاف شد. به‌طورکلی، تحویل جیرۀ کاملاً مخلوط‌شده با سطوح مساوی از کنسانتره و علوفه، سه بار در روز در مقابل یک بار، مادۀ خشک مصرفی را کاهش داد ولی روی تولید شیر اثری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of feeding frequency on digestibility, milk production and composition in lactating cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Mirzaei-Alamouti 1
  • Mehdi Kazemi-Joujili 2
  • Hamid Amanlou 3
  • Mina Vazirigohar 4
1 Assistant Professor, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Former M. Sc. Student, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Professor, University of Zanjan, Iran
4 Ph.D. Graduated Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of frequency of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) on total-tract digestibility, milk production and composition in lactating cows, using meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches. Data of fourteen experiments having containing 25 comparisons between treatment (higher feeding frequency) and control (lower feeding frequency) groups, defined selection criteria, were used. Data were analyzed using effect size method in STATA/SE. Increasing frequency of feeding decreased dry matter intake (DMI; weighted mean difference (WMD)= ‒0.134 kg/d) but had no effect on milk yield. Forage level of diet and days in milk (DIM) were the source of heterogeneity for standardized mean difference (SMD) of DMI. In this meta-analysis, higher feeding frequency had no effect on milk fat and milk protein content and yield. Increasing feeding frequency improved NDF digestibility (WMD= 5.663%). Results of univariate meta-regression showed that increasing frequency of feeding in diets containing high level of grains improved NDF digestibility, but in high forage diets lowered NDF digestion. In conclusion, delivery of TMR containing equal amounts of forage and concentrate three times vs. one times in a day decreased DMI but did not change milk yield. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • feeding frequency
  • lactating cow
  • Meta-analysis

مراجع

  1. Akbari-Pabandi, K. & Mirzaei-Alamouti, H. R. 2015. Effects of feeding frequency and plant oil supplementation on performance and feeding behavior of Holstein lactating cows. Journal of Animal Production, 17, 119-129. (in Farsi)
  2. Alzahal, H., Benford, J. L., Widouski, T., Walton, J. P., Plaizeir, J. C., Duffield, T., Odongo, N. E. & Mcbride, B. W. (2006). Effects of frequency of feed delivery on dairy cattle behavior. Journal of Professional Animal Scientist, 22, 80–83.
  3. AlZahal, O., Or-Rashid, M. M., Greenwood, S. L., Douglas, M. S. & McBride. B. W. (2009). The effect of dietary fiber level on milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile of cows fed diets containing low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 1108–1116.
  4. Bava, L., Tamburini, A., Penati, C., Riva, E., Mattachini, G., Provolo, G. & Sandrucci, A. (2012). Effects of feeding frequency and environmental conditions on dry matter intake, milk yield and behaviour of dairy cows milked in conventional or automatic milking systems. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11, e42.
  5. Dado, R. G. & Allen, M. S. (1994). Variation in and relationships among feeding, chewing, and drinking variables for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 132–144.
  6. DeVries, T. J. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2005). Time of feed delivery affects the feeding and lying patterns of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 625–631.
  7. DeVries, T. J. Beauchemin, K. A. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2007). Dietary forage concentration affects the feed sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 5572‒5579.
  8. DeVries, T. J., Dohme, F. & Beauchemin, K. A. (2008). Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: Feed sorting. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 3958‒3967.
  9. DeVries, T. J., Holtshausen, L., Oba, M. & Beauchemin, K. A.  (2011). Effect of parity and stage of lactation on feed sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 4039–4045.
  10. DeVries, T. J., von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. & Beauchemin, K. A. (2005). Frequency of feed delivery affects the behavior of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 3553–3562.
  11. Dhiman, T. R., Zaman, M. S., MacQueen, I. S. & Boman, R. L. (2002). Influence of corn processing and frequency of feeding on cow performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 217–226.
  12. French, N. & Kennelly, J. J. (1990). Effects of feeding frequency on ruminal parameters, plasma insulin, milk yield, and milk composition in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 73, 1857‒1863.
  13. Gibson, J. P. (1984). The effects of frequency on milk production of dairy cattle: an analysis of published results. Animal Production, 38, 181‒189.
  14. Haley, D. B., Rushen, J. & de Passilli, A. M. (2000). Behavioural indicators of cow comfort: Activity and resting behaviour of dairy cows in two types of housing. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 80, 257-263.
  15. Hart, K. D., McBride, B. W., Duffield, T. F. & DeVries. T. J. (2014). Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the behavior and productivity of lactating dairy cows.  Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 1–12.
  16. Huntington, G. B. (1997). Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 852–867.
  17. Klusmeyer, T. H., Cameron, M. R., McCoy, G. C. & Clark, J. H. (1990). Effects of feed processing and frequency on ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 73, 3538‒3543.
  18. Kauffman, W. (1976). Influence of the composition of the ration and the feeding frequency on pH regulation in the rumen and on feed intake in ruminants. Livestock Production Science, 3, 103‒114.
  19. Kudrna, V. (2003). Effect of different feeding frequency employing total mixed ration (TMR) on dry matter intake and milk yield in dairy cows during the winter. Acta Veterinaria (Brno), 72, 533–539.
  20. Kudrna, V., Lang, P. & Mlazovska, P. (2001). Frequency of feeding with TMR in dairy cows in summer season. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 46, 313–319.
  21. Lean, I. J., Rabiee, A. R., Duffield, T. F. & Dohoo, I. R. (2009). Invited review: Use of meta-analysis in animal health and reproduction: Methods and applications. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 3545–3565.
  22. Le Liboux, S. & Peyraud, J. L. (1999). Effects of forage particle size and feeding frequency on fermentation patterns and sites and extent of digestion in dairy cows fed mixed diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 76, 297–319.
  23. Leonardi, C. & Armentano, L. E. (2003). Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 557–564.
  24. Mäntysaari, P., Khalili, H., Sariola, J. (2006). Effect of feeding frequency of a total mixed ration on the performance of high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 4312–4320.
  25. Nikkhah, A., Furedi, C. J., Kennedy, A. D., Crow, G. H. & Plaizier, J. C. (2008). Effects of feed delivery time on feed intake, milk production, and blood metabolites of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 4249–4260.
  26. Niu, M., Ying, Y., Bartell, P. A., & Harvatine, K. J. (2014). The effects of feeding time on milk production, total-tract digestibility, and daily rhythms of feeding behavior and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows.  Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 1–13.
  27. Nocek, J. E. & Braund, D. G. (1985). Effect of feeding frequency on diurnal dry matter and water consumption, liquid dilution rate and milk yield in first lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 68, 2238–2247.
  28. Phillips, C. J. C. & Rind, M. I. (2001). The effects of frequency of feeding a total mixed ration on the production and behavior of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 1979–1987.
  29. Rabiee, A. R., Breinhild, K., Scott, W., Golder, H. M., Block, E. & Lean, I. J. (2012). Effect of fat additions to diets of dairy cattle on milk production and components: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 3225–3247.
  30. Robinson, P. H. & Mcniven, M. A. (1994). Influence of flame roasting and feeding frequency of barley on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 3631–3643.
  31. Robinson, P. H. & Sniffen, C. J. (1985). Forestomach and  whole tract digestibility for lactating dairy cows as influenced by feeding frequency. Journal of Dairy Science, 68, 857–867.
  32. Rottman, L. W., Ying, Y.,  Zhou, K., Bartell, P. A. & Harvatine, K. J. (2014). The daily rhythm of milk synthesis is dependent on the timing of feed intake in dairy cows. Physiological Reports, 2(6), 1-12.
  33. Shabi, Z., Bruckental, I., Zamwell, S., Tagari, H. & Arieli. A. (1999). Effects of extrusion of grain and feeding frequency on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 1252–1260.
  34. Shingfield, K. J. & Griinari, J. M. (2007). Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression. Europian Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109, 799–816.
  35. St-Pierre, N. R. (2001). Integrating quantitative findings from multiple studies using mixed model methodology.  Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 741–755.
  36. Thivierge, M. C., Bernier, J. F. & H. Lapierre. (2002). Effects of supplemental protein and energy and feeding frequency on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a protein-deficient diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 82, 225–231.
  37. Vazirigohar, M., Dehghan-Banadaky, M., Rezayazdi, K., Krizsan, S. J., Nejati-Javaremi, A. & Shingfield, K. J. (2014). Fat source and dietary forage-to-concentrate  ratio  influences milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows.  Animal, 8, 163–174.
  38. Vazirigohar, M., Dehghan-Banadaky, M., Rezayazdi, K. & Nejati-Javaremi., A. (2015a). A meta-analysis of the impact of plant oils rich in 18:2n-6 on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows. Animal Science Reserches, 25, 123‒140 (In Farsi).
  39. Vazirigohar, M., Rezayazdi, K., Dehghan-Banadaky, M. & Nejati-Javaremi., A. (2015b). A meta-analysis of the impact of plant oils rich in 18:2n-6 on digestibility, milk production and composition in lactating cows. Animal Science Reserches, 25, 1‒9 (Article in press; In Farsi).
  40. Yang, C.-M. J. & Varga, G. A. (1989). Effect of three concentrate feeding frequencies on rumen protozoa, rumen digesta kinetics, and milk yield in dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 72, 950–957.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 اسفند 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مهر 1394

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار