Research Paper
Masoud Barzegar; Hosein MORAVEJ; Mahmoud SHIVAZAD
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels ...
Read More
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels of supplementary VP (0, 33.33, 66.66 and 100%) each at a different weeks of finisherperiod. The diets were formulated as based on wheat and soybean meal, with the experimentconducted on floor pens of 10 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. Thedietary treatments consisted of: T1 no VP supplement during 22 to 42 days of age; Treatments 2, 3and 4 containing 33.33% VP,. Treatments 5, 6 and 7 with 66.66% of VP supplement and finallytreatments 8, 9 and 10 containing 100% of VPsupplement. The treatmeants were so arranged that T 2,5 and 8 received only from 22 to 28; treatments 3, 6 and 9 only from 22 to 35, and treatments 4, 7 and10 only from 22 to 42 days of age. The results finally indicated that VP reduction and withdrawal at 22days of age did not impair the birds, performance during their last three weeks of rearing period (22 to42 days). Decrease in the level of VP did not significantly affect the carcass characteristics (carcassyield, percentages of breast, thigh, liver, heart as wellas abdominal fat).
Research Paper
Mehdi BADIEE BAGHSIAH; Yousef ROUZBAHAN; Hasan FAZAELI; Javad REZAEI
Abstract
Effect of heat processing on the nutritive value of broiler litter, as a potential ruminant feedstuff,was studied in two pilot plans, processing through an assessment of chemical composition, proteinfractionation according to CNCPS as wells digestibility making use of Tilley and Terry method. In amanufactory ...
Read More
Effect of heat processing on the nutritive value of broiler litter, as a potential ruminant feedstuff,was studied in two pilot plans, processing through an assessment of chemical composition, proteinfractionation according to CNCPS as wells digestibility making use of Tilley and Terry method. In amanufactory located in the city of Sabzevar. The average values of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein(CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDFom), Acid detergent fiber (ADFom), ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe,Mn, Cu and Zn in the unprocessed broiler litter constituted 83.5% of the fresh matter, 26.4, 41.3, 14.2,18.6, 1.85, 0.97, 0.8, 1.0, 0.065 % of DM, 910.75, 332.73, 58.14 and 384.4 mg/kg of DM,respectively. These values for the processed litter, respectively, amounted to 92.9 % of fresh weight,25.5, 46.2, 14.4, 18.6, 1.74, 0.95, 0.72, 0.94, 0.062 % of DM, 1029.3, 304.25, 54.74 and 379.75 mg/kgof DM. As for the Semnan manufactory, the average values for the unprocessed litter were,respectively,73.2 % of fresh weight, 28.8, 16.0, 17.2, 1.92, 1.13, 0.61, 1.1, 0.036 % of DM, 1328.6,374.0, 52.69 and 345.0 mg/kg of DM. Fllowing the processing operations the mentioned valueschanged to 82.3 % of fresh weight, 28.3, 49.1, 18.5, 17.8, 1.86, 0.94, 0.60, 0.87, 0.035 % of DM,1598.2, 338.67, 51.15 and 302.6 mg/kg of DM, respectively. Protein fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C inthe unprocessed litter at Sabzevar manufactory were, respectively 51.8, 18.5, 17.1, 7.13 and 5.01 % ofCP. The values for Semnan manufactory were recorded as 50.3, 11.1, 24.6, 9.51 and 5.4 % of CP,respectively. After heat processing, accomplished and fot both manufactories, fractions A and B1 werereduced, wtereas B2, B3 and C increased (P<0.05). The in vitro DM Digestibility (DMD), OrganicMatter Digestibility (OMD) and ME contents for the unprocessed litter, respectively, were 799, 798g/kg and 9.63 MJ/kg DM for Sabzevar manufactory, and 780, 791 g/kg and 9.70 MJ/kg DM forSemnan,s. Heating process had no significant effect on digestibility and ME (P>0.05), except forDMD at Sabzevar manufactory, which had singificantly decreased. The Pressing method of processingreduced (P<0.05) DMD, OMD (771 and 773 g/kg) and ME (9.31 MJ/kg of DM) as compared withunprocessed litter. Overall, although application of indirect heat processing of broiler litter somehowreduced CP, Mg and Cu contents, but by removal of the pathogenic organisms it can lead ot theproduction of a protein supplement, enriched in mineral,s as a ruminant feedstuff and which can helpreduc the environmental pollution.
Research Paper
Iman CHAKSARI; Mojtaba ZAGHARI; Saeed KHALAJI
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1α-OH-D3 either with or withoutCholecalciferol, microbial phytase as well as different levels of dietary calcium, and phosphorus onbroiler chickens, performance. A number of 576 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were made use of ina completely ...
Read More
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1α-OH-D3 either with or withoutCholecalciferol, microbial phytase as well as different levels of dietary calcium, and phosphorus onbroiler chickens, performance. A number of 576 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were made use of ina completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement (3×2×2×3), comprised of 36 treatments, 4replicates of 4 chicks in each battery cage. Factors included three levels of 1α-OH-D3 (0, 5 and 10μg/kg), two levels of Cholecalciferol (0 and 5000 ICU/kg), two levels of microbial phytase (0 and 500FTU/kg), as well as three levels of Ca and phosphorus (100, 75 and 50% of Ross broiler nutritionrecommendation values). Dietary treatments were implemented within an age interval of from 1 to 42days. Supplementation of diets of 5 and 10 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3 reduced body weight and feed intake at7, 35 and 42d (P<0.01; P<0.05). Supplementation of 500 FTU/kg of Phytase enzyme in the dietincreased body weight at 7 and 14 days (P<0.05). Interaction between 1α-OH-D3 and phytase on feedconversion ratio was significant (P<0.01), in a way that addition of 500 FTU/kg of Phytase to dietcontaining 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3 improved feed conversion ratio at 28d (P≤0.01). 1α-OH-D3supplementation increased tibia breaking force, linearly (P<0.01). Results indicated that addition of1α-OH-D3 to broiler chickens, diets alleviates the risk of tibial dyschondroplasia incidence. Yet, theappropriate recommended dosage needs to be further investigated.
Research Paper
Seyyed shadi GHORAISHY; Mohammad ROKOUEI; Mehdi SARGOLZAEI; Ahmad MOGHIMI ESFANDABADI
Abstract
Birth Weight (BW) is the first trait recorded fllowing birth. It can influence the performance of thecow and as well impact the performance of the calf it,s duringits maturity. To investigate the effect ofa calf,s BW on the performance of Holstein dairy cattle in Iran, the records gathered between 1967 ...
Read More
Birth Weight (BW) is the first trait recorded fllowing birth. It can influence the performance of thecow and as well impact the performance of the calf it,s duringits maturity. To investigate the effect ofa calf,s BW on the performance of Holstein dairy cattle in Iran, the records gathered between 1967 and2010 were obtained from the Iranian Animal Breeding Center. The data were then used to model theproductive and reproductive traits including Calving to First Insemination (CFI), First Service toConception (FSTC), Calving Interval (CI), and dystocia. BW of calves within each herd were groupedinto five categories based on standard normal distribution (z≤-0.8416, -0.8416 <z≤-0.2533, -0.2533<z≤0.2533, 0.2533<z≤0.8416, <z 0.8416) to survey the effects of BW of each calf on theproduction and reproduction of dams. The results indicated that a calf,s BW significantly (P<0.001)affected the production, CFI, CI, and dystocia in the first three calving periods. The trend of BW of acalf on the productive and reproductive traits found to be respectively positive vs. negative The effectof BW on the incidence of dystocia was higher for the first calving than for the second and third ones.A maximum deviation of least square means of dystocia in the first three calving periods was observedin the fifth weight group. They were recorded as: 0.310, 0.154 and 0.137, accordingly. In conclusion,BW of a calf may be well related to the efficiency of Holstein herds in Iran and which could beconsidered in the breeding and management programs.
Research Paper
Reza Nazarzade; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaki; Hamid Amanloo; Hamidreza Mirzaee Almoti
Abstract
The objective fllowed in the present study was to evaluate the effects of different milkingfrequencies on milk production and on blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Sixty-six fresh Holsteincows were allocated to two treatments namely: 4 (4x) vs. 6 times (6x) of daily milking, during the first3 months ...
Read More
The objective fllowed in the present study was to evaluate the effects of different milkingfrequencies on milk production and on blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Sixty-six fresh Holsteincows were allocated to two treatments namely: 4 (4x) vs. 6 times (6x) of daily milking, during the first3 months of lactation, and then switching on to a three times of daily milking until end of the lactationperiod. Milk yield was recorded as on two consecutive days in each week. Cows were weighted andscored for their body conditions immediately after calving and as well during each month of theexperimental period. Blood and milk samples were collected monthly. Milk and fat corrected milkyield did not differ among treatments. Milk fat and protein percentage did not differ among treatmentsrather, but milk lactose was percentage wise lower for 4x milked cows (P<0.01). Somatic cell count in4x cows was higher than the 6x ones (P<0.05). Treatments did not differ in blood metabolites,concentrations. Milking frequency did not affect dry matter intake either. Body weight changes andBody Condition Scores (BCSs) were higher in 6x cows than those in 4x ones. It was finally concludedthat 4x treatment, during early lactation, was more appropriate than the 6x.
Research Paper
Azadeh BOOSTAN; Ardeshir NEJATI-JAVAREMI; Mahammad MORADI SHAHRBABAK; Mehdi SAATCHI
Abstract
Throughout the present study the effect of using markers close to genes affecting a trait, ascompared with the use of all the markers of a genome, and also the effect of on increase in thenumber of reference groups, on the accuracy of a genetic evaluation, was investigated. Genomicevaluation was done ...
Read More
Throughout the present study the effect of using markers close to genes affecting a trait, ascompared with the use of all the markers of a genome, and also the effect of on increase in thenumber of reference groups, on the accuracy of a genetic evaluation, was investigated. Genomicevaluation was done using BLUP method. The results indicated that use of markers close to genesaffecting a trait and on increase in the number of reference groups would enhance the accuracy inan evaluation of the Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs). Use of phenotypic records (incomparison with breeding values of reference group) would result in an increase in the accuracy ofestimating the breeding values by use of markers close to the effective genes on the trait ascompared with the use of all the markers of a genome. Increase in number of generations betweenreference and validation groups would result in a decrease of the accuracy of EBVs.
Research Paper
Moslem MOGHBELI DAMANE; Masoud ASADI FOZI; Ahmad AYATOLLAHI MEHRJERDI
Abstract
Milk and fat yields in 3X and 4X milking schedule in Holstein Cows of Iran were investigatedusing 374170 milk and fat yield test day records measured on The 1st and 2nd lactions of 54580 dairycattle coming from 205 herds. The records had been collected from 2007 to 2009 by the IranianAnimal Breeding ...
Read More
Milk and fat yields in 3X and 4X milking schedule in Holstein Cows of Iran were investigatedusing 374170 milk and fat yield test day records measured on The 1st and 2nd lactions of 54580 dairycattle coming from 205 herds. The records had been collected from 2007 to 2009 by the IranianAnimal Breeding Center (IABC). The results indicated that an increases in the milking frequency from3X to 4X increases milk and fat yields during the lactation periods by 14 and 12.6%, respectively.These values amounted to 15.6 % and 17 % during the lactation peaks. Estimated of co (variance)components were derived from a random regression model using ASReml. Heterogeneous structurewas used for the residual variance. A value of 0.25 was estimated for the heritability of milk yield in3X and 4X milking schedules. The heritability of fat yield in the 3X and 4X milking times wererecorded as 0.11 and 0.17, respectively.
Research Paper
Heshmatollah KHOSRAVINIA; Mohammad Amir KARIMI TORSHIZI; Masoud ALIREZA-II; Reza SHAHSEVARI; Sedigheh GHASEMI
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine the effects of Satureja khuzistanica Essential Oils(SkEO), on cholesterol content, fatty acids composition, and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,(TBARS) concentration of raw breast meat in broiler chickens. A total of 720 one-day-old broilerchicks (Cobb ...
Read More
The present study was carried out to examine the effects of Satureja khuzistanica Essential Oils(SkEO), on cholesterol content, fatty acids composition, and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,(TBARS) concentration of raw breast meat in broiler chickens. A total of 720 one-day-old broilerchicks (Cobb 500) were taken as sample to study the effects of six experimental treatments in 6replicates of 20 birds each, in a 42 day trial. Treatments were comprised of continual addition of 0(control-), 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/ L SkEO or 500 mg/ L Polysorbate-80 (at 1:1 ratio v/v; control+)into drinking water. Fatty acid composition, cholestrol and TBARS contents were assessed on 6 breastmuscle samples per treatment. Water consumption was significanlty reduced in birds receiving SkEOaddedwater as compared with control groups (P<0.05). Administration of 400 mg/ L of SkEO inwater significantly improved the economic performance efficiency of the birds (P<0.05).Concentration of C18:2, C20:4, total saturated, total unsaturated and ω-6 fatty acids significanltydiffered among birds recieving SkEO-treated water vs. control (P<0.05). Cholestrol content in thebreast muslce was significanlty reduced through an addition of SkEO at 500 mg/ L into the drinkingwater (P<0.10). The continul incorporation of SkEO in drinking water at levels greater than 200 mg/ Lsignificantly decreased TBARS concentration in breast muscle of the birds at their day 42 of age. Itwas concluded that the application of SkEO through drinking water may be feasible to enhance thelipid stability and to modulate the cholestrol content in broiler meat. Despite the supportiveindications observed, further studies are needed to more strongly confirm the cholesterol-reducingeffect of SkEO in broiler. There ware indications that one could verify the fatty acid-modulatingeffects of SkEO as regards chicks. breast meat in broiler chickens.
Research Paper
Jamshid JALILNEZHAD; Vahid MUHARRAMI; Heshmatollah BAHRAMI YEKDANGI; Amir KHAMESI; Hadi KHORSAND
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded Linseed on milk production,dry matter intake and reproduction performance of 300 Holstein lactating cows (35±15 days in milk;41±9/8 Kg/day of milk production). Cows were placed in a completely randomized design of 2treatments ...
Read More
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded Linseed on milk production,dry matter intake and reproduction performance of 300 Holstein lactating cows (35±15 days in milk;41±9/8 Kg/day of milk production). Cows were placed in a completely randomized design of 2treatments (concentrate containing 7 percent of extruded linseed vs. control), (150 cows pertreatment). Cows were fed a balanced total mixed ration (610 g concentrate /kg DM and 390 g forages/kg DM) 3 times per day and while being milked 3 times per day too. Cows in group 1 were fedTotally Mixed Rotion (TMR) with no extruded linseed (control), while those in group 2 fed TMRcontaining extruded linseed (7 percent of concentrate). Extruded linseed did not affect milk productionand dry matter intake (P>0.05). Cows treated with extruded linseed had higher pregnancy rates, fewernumber of open days and number of inseminations (P<0.05). It was finally concluded that extrudedlinseed in ration can increase reproduction performance of Holstein dairy cows in their early lactation.
Research Paper
Ahmad AFZALZADE; Seyyed davood SHARIFI; Mohsen ABSALAN; Davood GHANDI; Ali akbar KHADEM
Abstract
The effects of different levels of Whole Cottonseed (WCS) on feedlot performance and on themorphology of small intestine, in 20 Chaal male lambs were studied for a duration of 90 days. Acompletely randomized design of four diets containing 0, 4, 8 and 16 percent WCS was employed.Number and dimensions ...
Read More
The effects of different levels of Whole Cottonseed (WCS) on feedlot performance and on themorphology of small intestine, in 20 Chaal male lambs were studied for a duration of 90 days. Acompletely randomized design of four diets containing 0, 4, 8 and 16 percent WCS was employed.Number and dimensions of different types of villi and depths of crypt gland were evaluated. Themetabolisable energy and protein contents of rations were chosen as equal. Different levels of WCS indiet exerted no significant effect on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but the sheepconsumed diets containing 4 % WCS more than they did the other diets (p<0.01).. The effect of dietwas significant only on the number of leaf shape villi (p<0.01). The difference among the numbers ofall types of villi in different parts of intestine samplings (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), was alsosignificant. Villus dimensions and depth of crypt gland were affected by diet and sampling sites. It wasfinally shown that, WCS can increase villus heigh: crypt depth ratio and can be included in thefattening ration of a male lamb’s diet to an extent of 16 percent.
Research Paper
Ali EMAMI; Mehdi GANJ KHANLOU; Abolfazl ZALI; Amir AKBARI AFJANI; Amin HOZHBARI
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing Chromium-Methionine(Cr-Met) on performance and carcass traits in Mahabadi goat kids. Thirty-two male kids (averageinitial BW of 22 ± 2 kg, 4-5mo) were used in a completely randomized design of four treatments vis.:1) control ...
Read More
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing Chromium-Methionine(Cr-Met) on performance and carcass traits in Mahabadi goat kids. Thirty-two male kids (averageinitial BW of 22 ± 2 kg, 4-5mo) were used in a completely randomized design of four treatments vis.:1) control (with no Cr suppl.), 2) 500ug Cr suppl., 3) 1000ug Cr suppl.and 4) 1500ug Cr suppl.as Cr-Met/animal/d. Diets fed were the same and the experimental period 94 d. Animals were kept inindividual pens of their own mangers. Kids were weighed at 21 day intervals and slaughtered at theend of the trial. Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratios were not affected bythe chromium supplementation. Addition of Cr decreased fat depth over the 12thrib(P<0.05), but didnot affect the, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, carcass length, liver and kidney weight,abdominal and kidney fat.The 1500ug/d level of Cr increased heart weight(P=0/04). Percentages orweights of: ribs, dissected muscle, fat and bone, and percentages of muscle crude protein, etherextract, moisture and ash contents were not affected by Cr supplementation either. These resultsindicate that supplementation of goat kid diet with Cr-Met did not affect carcass traits and growthperformance but decreased back fat thickness while increasing heart weight.
Research Paper
Majid SAVARI; Mehdi DEHGHAN BANADAKI; Kamran REZAYAZDI; Mohammad JAVAN-NIKKHAH
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi following their infestation of food crops.One of the effective approaches to control aflatoxicosis is the use of adsorbents. The aim thusfollowed in the present study was a comparison of various adsorbents viz. Bentonite, Zeolite, vs. anorganic commercial ...
Read More
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi following their infestation of food crops.One of the effective approaches to control aflatoxicosis is the use of adsorbents. The aim thusfollowed in the present study was a comparison of various adsorbents viz. Bentonite, Zeolite, vs. anorganic commercial adsorbent (Mycosorb) and a mineral – organic commercial adsorbent (Biotox)regarding their potential to adsorb aflatoxin B1. AFB1- contaminated rice was prepared by itsinoculation with the Aspergillus parasiticus, strain type PTTC 5286. levels of aflatoxin, present in thecontaminated rice were determined through HPLC. AFB١ was chloroform extracted thrice, by havingrice soaked in chloroform. Adsorbents were individually mixed at three different ratios with AFB١(1:1000, 1:5000 and 1:15000, w/w), in a buffer solution, centrifuged and the supernatant evaluated forAflatoxin B١ conted using Aflatoxin B١ ELISA kit. The design employed was a completelyrandomized one of: 4×3 factorial arrangement. Results indicated that at 1:15000 Aflatoxin toadsorbent ratio, Zeolite, Mycosorb and Biotox sequestered (adsorbed) about 0.8, 0.81 and 0.83 of theAFB١. This efficacy decreased with the amounts of adsorbents reduced. Bentonite had the poorestsequestering efficacy, with 0.38 being the maximum value obtained for the 1:15000 Aflatoxin toadsorbent ratio treatment. There was a significant difference observed among the three ratios and aswell between Biotox and other adsorbents for their percentages of AFB1 adsorption (P<0.001).
