تأثیر سطوح مختلف مخمر اتولیز شده بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی تخم‌مرغ مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار پرورش یافته در تراکم بالا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

تراکم بالا به عنوان منبع تنش مزمن شناخته شده‌است که تأثیر نامطلوبی بر عملکرد طیور تخم‌گذار دارد، لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی سطوح مختلف مخمر اتولیز شده بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی تخم‌مرغ مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار پرورش یافته در تراکم بالا بود.
 در این آزمایش از دو سطح تراکم (2 و 4 پرنده در هر قفس به ابعاد 38×38 سانتی‌متر) و چهار سطح مخمر (صفر، 2/0، 4/0 و 6/0 درصد جیره) با استفاده از 192 قطعه مرغ تخم‌گذار 35 هفته سویه های-لاین،  به مدت 10 هفته (دو هفته آداپتاسیون و 8 هفته رکوردبرداری) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 4×2 استفاده شد.
نتایج آزمایش نشان داد تراکم بالا باعث کاهش زنده‌مانی و کاهش نمره اسکور پر پرندگان شد اما مخمر اتولیز شده زنده‌مانی پرندگان را در تراکم بالا افزایش داد (05/0≥P). با مصرف مخمر اتولیز شده، مصرف خوراک تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت (05/0≤P) اما درصد تولید تخم‌مرغ نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش و ضریب تبدیل خوراک کاهش یافت (05/0≥P). افزایش وزن تخم‌مرغ با مصرف مخمر اتولیز شده تمایل به معنی‌داری را نشان داد (07/0=P). pH فضولات تحت تأثیر مصرف مخمر اتولیز شده کاهش (05/0≥P) یافت. افزودن مخمر اتولیز شده به جیره عیار آنتی‌بادی اولیه و ثانویه علیه گلبول‌های قرمز گوسفندی را در سن 43 و 44 هفتگی افزایش داد (05/0≥P). با مصرف مخمر اتولیز شده افزایش سودآوری نیز تمایل به معنی‌داری را نشان داد  (06/0=P).
نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که افزودن مخمر اتولیز شده به جیره مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار سبب بهبود عملکرد و تقویت سیستم ایمنی همورال و در تراکم بالا باعث افزایش درصد زنده‌مانی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of autolyzed yeast on performance and egg quality traits in laying hens reared under high stocking density

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Molaei
  • Somayyeh Salari
Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

High stocking density is known as a source of chronic stress, which has an adverse effect on the performance of laying hens. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of autolyzed yeast on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens reared under high stocking density. This experiment was done using 2 levels of density (2 and 4 birds per cage with dimensions of 38×38 cm) and 4 levels of autolyzed yeast (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 percentage) with 192 laying hens Hy-line W-80 (35 weeks old) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of 4×2 with 8 replicates. The results of the experiment showed that high stock density decreased the viability and reduced the feather score of birds, but autolyzed yeast increased the viability of birds in high stock density (P≤0.05). Dietary supplementation of autolyzed yeast was not affected feed intake (P≥0.05), but increased egg production and decreased feed conversion ratio (P≤0.05). The increase in egg weight showed a tendency to be significant (P=0.07). Dietary supplementation of autolyzed yeast decreased pH of excreta in laying hens (P≤0.05). Also, autolyzed yeast increased the primary and secondary antibody titer against sheep red blood cell at the 43 and 44 weeks old (P≤0.05). The results of this experiment showed that the supplementation of autolyzed yeast to the diet improved performance and the humoral immune system of laying hens reared at high stock density.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • autolyzed yeast
  • high stock density
  • laying hen
  • prebiotic
  • sheep red blood cell

Extended Abstract

Introduction

The aim of use of additives in poultry industry is increasing productivity and/or reducing production costs. Because poultry feed costs for approximately 70% of the production cost, supplementation is optional. Yeast cell walls form prebiotic supplement rich in non-digestible carbohydrates, such as mannan-oligosaccharide and β-glucans, which can prevent pathogenic bacteria from adhering to the intestinal surface, allowing them to be excreted from the animal’s body. Yeast cell wall supplementation has been used as a performance-enhancing alternative to antibiotics. This supplement is produced as a by-product of fermentation during ethanol production, in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main species employed.  So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of autolyzed yeast on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens (35 weeks old) reared under high stocking density.

 

Materials and methods

This experiment was done using 2 levels of density (2 and 4 birds per cage) and 4 levels of autolyzed yeast (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 percentage) with 192 laying hens (Hy-line W-80) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of 4×2 with 8 replicates. The first 2 wk (35 and 36 wk of age) was the adaptation period. The main trial period lasted for a total of 8 wk, from 37 to 44 wk of age. Feed residues were collected and weighted weekly to estimate the ADFI (g/hen/day). Moreover, eggs from each replicate were counted and weighted daily to calculate the egg production (g/kg), egg weight (g/hen/day), and egg mass (g/hen/day). The feed conversion ratio was calculated as follows: FCR = feed intake/egg mass and these parameters were reported for the total period of the experiment. Every 28-d period (at the end of week 4 and week 8), egg quality parameters were measured. For analyzing egg quality, 2 eggs of each replicate were collected and haugh unit (HU), yolk color (YC), shell thickness (ST), and shell strength (SS) were measured.

 

Results

The results of the experiment showed that high stock density decreased the viability and reduced the feather score of birds, but autolyzed yeast increased the viability of birds in high stock density (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation of Autolyzed yeast was not affected feed intake (P>0.05), but increased egg production and decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The increase in egg weight showed a tendency to be significant (P=0.07). Adding autolyzed yeast to the diet, decreased pH of excreta in laying hens (P<0.05).  Also, autolyzed yeast increased the antibody titer against sheep red blood cell (P<0.05). The increased in antibody titer in chickens fed with autolyzed yeast can be related to the beneficial effects of this supplement in maintaining the physiological balance of immune cells and thus creating a healthy environment for the immune system.

 

Conclusion

The results of this experiment showed that the supplementation of autolyzed yeast to the diet increased the survival rate, but could not affect the performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens reared at high stock density.

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علوم دامی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 317-336

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 بهمن 1401

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