اثر فایتوزوم حاوی عصاره چای سبز بر عملکرد رشد، لاشه، ایمنی، فراسنجه‌های خونی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی و جمعیت باکتریایی ایلئوم جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• کیوان جلوه
• مجید متقی طلب
• مهرداد محمدی

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آویلامایسین
• چای سبز
• سالینومایسین
• طیور
• فایتوزوم

موضوعات

• تغذیه دام و طیور

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of phytosome containing green tea extract on growth and carcass performance, immune response and antioxidant status, blood parameters and ileum microbial populations in broiler chickens

نویسندگان [English]

• Keyvan Jelveh
• Majid Mottaghitalab
• Mehrdad Mohammadi

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Phytosome
• green tea
• avilamycin
• salinomycin
• poultry

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the world's greatest threats to human and animal health. Today, herbal products receive considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics. However, their use at low doses often results in limited bioavailability due to low solubility, low absorption, and rapid metabolism and excretion. At higher doses, plant compounds can increase feed costs and negatively affect taste, digestion and protein utilization and liver health. In poultry studies, it was found that green tea has anti-coccidiosis and antioxidant properties. The most effective ingredient of green tea is polyphenols. The unfavorable feature of polyphenols in the digestive system is lack of proper absorption or poor bioavailability. By encapsulation, physiologically active chemicals in green tea are protected and selectively released. This can improve plant additive stability, palatability, and bioavailability in broilers. A suitable coating method is the use of lipid-based carriers such as phytosomes. Phytosomes are a novel method in drug delivery and distribution at the site of action. It is composed of an effective plant substance and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). Phytosome help the plant's active substance pass through lipid-rich biological membranes and enter the blood. This research compares the effect of green tea extract and its phytosome form on growth and carcass performance, antioxidant status, immune response, lipid parameters and intestinal bacterial population of broiler chickens.

Materials and Method

    The study was performed using 375 male broiler chickens (ROSS 308). The birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatments , 5 replications (15 chicks per cage) for each treatment. Green tea phytosome was prepared using green tea extract and soybean lecithin. Experimental treatments included 1- basal diet without any supplements, 2- basal diet containing 0.1 g/kg of avilamycin, 3- basal diet containing 0.6 g/kg salinomycin coccidiostat, 4- The basal diet contained 400 ml/kg of green tea extract and 5- The basal diet contained 300 ml/kg of green tea extract phytosome.

Result

Based on the obtained data, compared to the control, the additives did not lead to an increase in feed consumption, weight gain and change in feed conversion ratio in the whole period (1-42 days). There was no significant difference between the treatments in the percentage of carcass, breast and thigh, as well as in the relative weight of internal organs including liver, pancreas, bursa, spleen, gizzard and fat pad. Different additives showed no significant differences in blood serum nitric oxide levels. Lowest level of malondialdehyde content in blood serum, was obtained in treatment supplemented with green tea phytosome (300 ml/kg) compared to the control and the avilamycin groups (P<0.05). Compared to avilamycin and salinomycin, green tea extract and its phytosome forms, resulting to reduced blood triglyceride levels (P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant differences in different treatments. In the group receiving green tea supplements, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly (P<0.05). Though no significant, the immune response promoted at 28 days in the green tea phytosome group, compared to either control, or avilamycin and salinomycin groups. However, the pure green tea extract group showed significant differences compared to control group (P<0.05). White blood cell diversity was not significantly affected by additives in comparison with the control. In comparison with avilamycin, green tea extract and its phytosome form resulting to reduced Escherichia coli population (P<0.05). Green tea was also found to increase lactobacilli in the ileum when compared to salinomycin (P<0.05). Compared to salinomycin, green tea significantly increased lactobacillus in the ileum (P<0.05), while avilamycin did not, however, the trend shows a tendency towards significance. In comparison with 300 ml/kg of green tea extract, 400 ml/kg of phytosomal green tea significantly increased IFN-γ gene expression in broiler spleen (P<0.05).

Conclusion

From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of phytosome containing green tea extract saves the consumption of herbal additives and provides the same performance. Therefore, the lipid-based coating method can reduce the dosage while maintaining the effects of the plant extract. Also, the phytosome form of green tea extract decreased triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, improved antioxidant status, and increased interferon gamma gene expression in broilers.