اثر تزریق ویتامین A بر وضعیت آنتی اکسیدانی، کنش تخمدان و عملکرد تولیدمثلی گاوهای هلشتاین با فحلی مکرر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر تزریق ویتامین A بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی گاوهای با فحلی مکرر، تعداد 162 راس گاو هلشتاین با دو بار زایش یا بیشتر و کمینه سه تلقیح پی­در­پی ناموفق به­طور تصادفی به دو تیمار آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: 1- شاهد: دو بار تزریق عضلانی 10 میلی­لیتر سدیم­کلراید 9/0 درصد  به عنوان دارونما با فاصله 30 روز (87 راس) و 2- ویتامین A: دوبار تزریق عضلانی10 میلی­لیتر رتینول پالمیتات با فاصله 30 روز (75 راس). گاوها وارد پروتکل دابل آوسینک شده و روز دهم پروتکل (روز تزریق دومین GnRH پروتکل) تیمارهای آزمایشی را دریافت کردند. تزریق ویتامین A باعث افزایش معنی­دار (05/0P<) تعداد فولیکول­های تخمدانی بزرگ­تر از 10 میلی­متر نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. غلظت پلاسمایی آنزیم سوپراکسید­ دیسموتاز با تزریق ویتامین A تمایل به افزایش (09/0P=) و غلظت مالون­دآلدهید تمایل به کاهش داشت (08/0P=). درصد گیرایی در اولین تلقیح مصنوعی برای تیمارهای شاهد و ویتامین A به­ترتیب 29/25 و 66/34 درصد بود (19/0P=). احتمال وقوع آبستنی در گروه ویتامین A نسبت به گروه شاهد 57/1 برابر شد اما از نظر آماری معنی­دار نبود (19/0P=). بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش اگر چه تزریق ویتامین A باعث بهبود وضعیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و افزایش تعداد فولیکول­های تخمدانی بزرگ­تر از 10 میلی­متر­ شد اما تاثیری بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی نداشت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of vitamin A injection on antioxidant status, ovarian function, and reproduction performance in repeat breeder Holstein cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Kamali Dehkordi
  • Hamid Amanlou
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A injection on reproductive performance in repeat breeder cows. One hundred and sixty-two multiparous Holstein cows with at least three consecutive unsuccessful inseminations were randomly assigned to experimental treatments. Treatments included (1) control: twice intramuscular injection 10 ml placebo30 days apart: 0.9% sodium chloride (n=87) and (2) vitamin A:  twice intramuscular injection 10 ml retinol palmitate 30 days apart (n=75). Animals submitted to double-ovsynch protocol and received their experimental treatments on the tenth day of the protocol (the day of the second injection of GnRH). The injection of retinol palmitate significantly increased the number of ovarian follicles larger than 10 mm compared to the control (P <0.05). Plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase enzyme tended to increase (P = 0.09) and malondialdehyde concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.08) under the influence of vitamin A injection. The conception rate at first artificial insemination was 25.29% and 34.66% for control and vitamin A treatments respectively, this difference was not significant (P = 0.19). The odds ratio of conception in the first service for vitamin A treatment was 1.57 times higher than the control treatment but was not statistically significant (P = 0.19). In conclusion, vitamin A injection improved antioxidant function and ovarian function. The reproductive performance improved, although not statistically significant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • repeat breeder cow
  • vitamin A
  • fertility
  • ovarian follicles
  • antioxidant

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Repeat breeder cows (RBCs) are infertile cows that fail to conceive after three or more consecutive estrous cycles of normal during (17-25 days), without anatomical abnormalities or infections. This syndrome causes economic losses in dairy farms by increasing open days, the number of services per conception, the calving interval, and the culling rate. Embryonic mortality due to luteal deficiency is a major cause of returning to estrus in dairy cows. Researchers have suggested that oxidative stress affects the luteal function by inhibiting the activity P450 SCC enzyme, which is involved in the intracellular translocation of cholesterol to mitochondria, and by impairing hormone (LH) receptors, causes a decrease in progesterone levels and pregnancy disruption in repeat breeder cows. Some studies have shown that vitamin A can support antioxidant defense systems against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intramuscular injection of vitamin A on the reproductive performance in repeat breeder cows.

 

 

Material and method

One hundred and sixty-two repeat breeder Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design. Treatments included (1) control: twice intramuscular injection 10 ml placebo30 days apart: 0.9% sodium chloride (n=87) and (2) vitamin A:  twice intramuscular injection 10 ml retinol palmitate (100000 IU/ml, Nasr Pharmaceutical Company, Iran) 30 days apart (n=75). The Synchronization protocol and experimental activities (the time of injection of experimental treatments, blood sampling and ultrasound of the ovarian) are shown in Figure 1. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound between 32 and 35 d post-AI. Data were analyzed using the mixed and GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.3). Means were separated by the Tukey- Kramer multiple range test.

 

Result

Plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase enzyme tended to increase (P = 0.09, 120.39 vs 127.00) and malondialdehyde concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.08, 1.60 vs 1.39) under the influence of vitamin A injection, indicating vitamin A maybe enhance antioxidant defense systems against oxidative stress. Plasma concentration of progesterone was similar between treatments (p>0.05).  The number of ovarian follicles larger than 10 mm was affected by treatment injection and was greatest in cows treated with vitamin A injection compared to control (1.59 vs 2.02 respectively, p=0.02). The conception rate and odd ratio of conception were not affected by experimental treatments (p>0.05).

 

Conclusion

The results of this experiment indicated an improvement in antioxidant function and a higher number of large follicles affected by vitamin A injection, but reproductive performance was not affected by treatment. Additional research with a higher number of animals is needed to further determine the best number and dosage best time for vitamin A injection.

Al-Gubory, K. H., Ceballos-Picot, I., Nicole, A., Bolifraud, P., Germain, G., Michaud, M., Mayeur, C. and Blachier, F. (2005). Changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, glutathione-dependent enzymes and the incidence of apoptosis in sheep corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Gen. Subj. 1725(3): 348–357.
Ayalon, N. (1978). A review of embryonic mortality in cattle. Reproduction 54(2): 483–493.
Bartlett, P. C., Kirk, J. H. and Mather, E. C. (1986). Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein-Friesian cattle: Incidence, descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact. Theriogenology 26(3): 309–322.
Behrman, H. R., Aten, R. F. and Behrman, H. R. (1991). Evidence that hydrogen peroxide blocks hormone-sensitive cholesterol transport into mitochondria of rat luteal cells. Endocrinology 128(6): 2958–2966.
Buege, J. A. and Aust, S. D. (1978). [30] Microsomal lipid peroxidation. In: Methods in enzymology, Vol. 52, 302–310. Elsevier.
Carlson, J. (1995). Stimulation of progesterone secretion in dispersed cells of rat corpora lutea by antioxidants. Steroids 60(3): 272–276.
Celi, P. (2011). Studies on Veterinary Medicine. (L. Mandelker and P. Vajdovich, Eds.)Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. (pp191-231). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., Kortajarena, M., Zarrazquin, I., Maquibar, A., Yanguas, J. J., Sánchez-Fernández, C. E., Gil, J., Irazusta, A. and Ruiz-Litago, F. (2015). Relationship between physical activity and markers of oxidative stress in independent community-living elderly individuals. Exp. Gerontol. 70: 26–31. Elsevier Inc.
Islabão, N. (1982). Page 201 in Vitamins: Their metabolism in man and in domestic animals. Nobel. São Paulo.
Iwańska, S. and Strusińska, D. (1997). The effect of beta-carotene and vitamins A, D3 and E on some reproductive parameters in cows. Acta Vet. Hung. 45(1): 95–107.
Jin, L., Yan, S., Shi, B., Bao, H., Gong, J., Guo, X. and Li, J. (2014). Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance, antioxidant functions and immune functions of dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 192: 15–23. Elsevier B.V.
Jukola, E., Hakkarainen, J., Saloniemi, H. and Sankarl, S. (1996). Blood Selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, and β-Carotene Concentrations and Udder Health, Fertility Treatments, and Fertility. J. Dairy Sci. 79(5): 838–845. Elsevier.
Katagiri, S. and Takahashi, Y. (2004). Changes in EGF concentrations during estrous cycle in bovine endometrium and their alterations in repeat breeder cows. Theriogenology 62(1–2): 103–112.
Kleczkowski, M., Kluciński, W., Sikora, J. and Zdanowicz, M. (2004). Role of antioxidants in the protection against oxidative stress in cattle--trace elements and enzymatic mechanisms (Part 3). Pol. J. Vet. Sci. 7(3): 233–240.
Miller, J. K., Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E. and Madsen, F. C. (1993). Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Animal Function. J. Dairy Sci. 76(9): 2812–2823.
Palace, V. P., Khaper, N., Qin, Q. and Singal, P. K. (1999). Antioxidant potentials of vitamin A and carotenoids and their relevance to heart disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26(5-6): 746-761
Perez-Marin, C. C., Moreno, L. M. and Calero, G. V. (2011). Clinical approach to the repeat breeder cow syndrome. A Bird’s-Eye View Vet. Med. 18: 337–362.
Rizzo, A., Minoia, G., Trisolini, C., Manca, R. and Sciorsci, R. L. (2007). Concentrations of free radicals and beta-endorphins in repeat breeder cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 100(3–4): 257–263.
Schweigert, F. and Zucker, H. (1985). Individual Bovine Follicles of Different Quality. F. Reprod. Fert 82(1): 575–579.
Sehirli, O., Tozan, A., Omurtag, G. Z., Cetinel, S., Contuk, G., Gedik, N. and Sener, G. (2008). Protective effect of resveratrol against naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in  mice. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 71(1): 301–308. Netherlands.
Shi, H., Yan, S., Jin, L., Shi, B. and Guo, X. (2016). Vitamin A affects the expression of antioxidant genes in&nbsp;bovine mammary epithelial cells with oxidative stress induced by diethylene triamine-nitric oxide. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 61(No. 3): 117–126.
Soni, Y. K., Mehrotra, S., Singh, G., Das, G. K., Kumar, A., Awase, M. and Gahlot, M. (2014). Oxidative stress and progesterone profile in repeat breeding cows. Vet. Pract. 213.
Trojačanec, S., Boboš, S. and Pajić, M. (2012). Inflfluence of β-carotene and vitamin A supplementation on the ovarian activity of dairy cows with chronic fertility impairment. Vet. Arh. 82(6): 567–575.
Turk, R., Samardžija, M. and Bačić, G. (2011). Oxidative stress and reproductive disorders in dairy cows. Marek, ER, Dairy cows Nutr. Fertil. milk Prod. Nov. Sci. Publ. New York, USA 57–98.
Vašková, J., Patlevič, P., Vaško, L. and Kluchová, D. (2014). Prenatal effects of retinoic acid on lumbar spinal cord development and liver antioxidants in rats. Acta Histochem. 116(5): 855–862.
Villarroel, A., Martino, A., BonDurant, R. H., Dèletang, F. and Sischo, W. M. (2004). Effect of post-insemination supplementation with PRID on pregnancy in repeat-breeder Holstein cows. Theriogenology 61(7–8): 1513–1520.
Weiss, W. P. (1998). Requirements of Fat-soluble Vitamins for Dairy Cows: A Review. J. Dairy Sci. 81(9): 2493–2501.
Zhang, T., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Sun, W., Cui, X., Li, R. and Li, G. (2019). Effects of vitamin A on antioxidant functions, immune functions and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus nippon) during the first antler growth period. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 18(1): 98–104. Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.