اثر شکل فیزیکی جیره های غذایی (آردی، پلت و اکسترود) بر بازده انرژی و پروتئین، مورفولوژی و جمعیت میکروبی روده جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، ایران

3 دانشیار مدیریت و پرورش طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 دانشجوی سابق کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرج، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین اثر شکل خوراک (آردی، پلت و اکسترود) بر بازده انرژی و پروتئین، مورفولوژی و میکروبیولوژی روده در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. بازده انرژی و پروتئین و شاخص بازده اروپایی در طول دوره آزمایش محاسبه گردید و مورفولوژی ژژونوم، طول نسبی روده، اسیدهای چرب فرّار، جمعیت میکروبی و ویسکوزیته محتویات ایلئوم روده در 42 روزگی تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر شکل خوراک بر مورفولوژی ژژونوم (عمق کریپت، ضخامت، ارتفاع و عرض پرز، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت)، جمعیت میکروبی محتویات ایلئوم (باکتری­های اسپورزا، لاکتوباسیل، کلی­باسیل، باکتری­های هوازی کل)، طول نسبی روده و طول روده معنی­دار نبود (05/0<P). در خوراک آردی مقادیر ویسکوزیته و اسیدهای چرب فرّار (بوتیریک، ایزوبوتیریک، والریک، ایزووالریک) ایلئوم روده بیشتر و میزان pH و اسید چرب استیک در مقایسه با خوراک پلت و اکسترود کمتر بود (05/0>P). بازده انرژی و پروتئین و شاخص بازده اروپایی در کل دوره در تیمار اکسترود بالاتر از تیمار پلت و آردی بود. یافته­های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از خوراک اکسترود و پلت در مقایسه با تیمار آردی در جوجه‌های گوشتی دارای نتایج مثبت بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب، ویسکوزیته محتویات روده، شاخص بازده اروپایی و بازده انرژی و پروتئین است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of feed form (Mash, Pellet, Extrude) on energy and protein efficiency, morphology and microbial population of intestine in broiler chicken

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahtab Azizian 1
  • Ali Asghar Saki 2
  • Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi 3
  • Saeideh Azimi 4
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The current study was conducted to determine the effectof feed form (mash, pellet and extrude) on energy and protein efficiency, intestinal morphology and microbiology in broiler chickens. Energy and protein efficiency and European efficiency factor were calculated during the experiment period and jejunum morphology and relative length of intestine, microbial population, volatile fatty acids, viscosity of ileal were determined at 42 days of age. The results have shown that the effect of feed form on jejunum morphology (crypt depth (CD), serosa thickness, villous height (VH) and villous width (VW), VH:CD, length and relative length of intestine, microbial population (spore former bacteria, lactobacilli,colibacilli, total aerobic bacteria) of ileal digesta was not significant (P>0.05). The values of viscosity and volatile fatty acids (butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric) of ileal digesta was higher and values of pH, ascetic acid was lower in mash diet form in comparison to pellet and extrude diet form (P<0.05). Energy and protein efficiency and European efficiency factor were higher in extrudes diet form in comparison to mash and pellet feed forms in total experiment period (P<0.05). Our findings have shown that that extrusion and pellet feed forms had positive results on volatile fatty acid profile, intestinal contents’ viscosity, energy and protein efficiency and European efficiency factor in comparison to mash feed form in broiler chickens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fatty
  • feed form
  • lactobacilli
  • pH
  • viscosity

مراجع

  1. Abdollahi, M. R., Ravindran, V., Wester, T. J., Ravindran, G. & Thomas, D. V. (2011). Influence of feed form and conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen in broiler starters fed wheat-based diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 168(1-2), 88-99.
  2. Amer, F. M., Soliman, F. N., Bahie El-Deen, M. & El-Sebai, A. (2015). Effect of diet forms and litter types on the productive traits of broiler (SASSO). Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 35(3),719-734.
  3. Amerah, A. M., Ravindran, V., Lentle, R. G. & Thomas, D. G. (2007). Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(3), 439-455.
  4. Amornthewaphat, N., Lerdsuwan, S. & Attamangkune, S. (2005). Effect of extrusion of corn and feed form on feed quality and growth performance of poultry in a tropical environment. Poultry Science, 84(10), 1640-1647.
  5. Apajalahti, J., Kettunen, A. & Graham, H. (2004). Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World's Poultry Science Journal, 60(2), 223-232.
  6. Bedford, M. (2000). Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimise subsequent problems. World's Poultry Science Journal, 56(4), 347-365.
  7. Bradley, G. L., Savage, T. F. & Timm, K. I. (1994). The effects of supplementing diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on male poultry performance and ileal morphology. Poultry Science, 73(11), 1766-1770.
  8. Choi, M., Ssakey, W. & Anderson, J. (2010). Dietary estimation of crumble soybeans on broiler fattening during the summer. Journal of Nutrition, 15(12), 17-31.
  9. Deschepper, K., Lippens, M., Huyghebaert, G. & Molly, K. (2003). The effect of aromabiotic and GALI D’OR on technical performances and intestinal morphology of broilers. In:Proceedings of 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition August. Lillehammer, Norway. S.169-175.
  10. Dibner, J. J. & Richards, J. D. (2004). The digestive system: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 13(1), 86-93.
  11. Ebihara, K. & Schneeman, B. O. (1989). Interaction of bile acids, phospholipids, cholesterol and triglyceride with dietary fibers in the small intestine of rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 119(8), 1100-1106.
  12. Engberg, R. M., Hedemann, M. S. & Jensen, B. B. (2002). The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 43(4), 569-579.
  13. Ferket, P. (2000). Feeding whole grains to poultry improves gut health. Feedstuffs, 72(37), 12-13.
  14. Foltyn, M., Rada, V., Lichovnikova, M., Safarik, I., Lohnisky, A. & Hampel, D. (2013). Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Czech Journal Animal Science, 58(10), 470-478.
  15. García, M., Lázaro, R., Latorre, M. A., Gracia, M. I. & Mateos, G. G. (2008). Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers. Poultry Science, 87(5), 940-948.
  16. Ghaseminejad, M., Sadeghi, A. A., Motamedi-Sedeh, F. & Chamani, M. (2017). Caecal bacterial populations and growth of broiler chickens fed diets with different particle sizes and forms. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(5, 743-748.
  17. Goliyart, A.F. (2005). Evaluation effects of processing feed on performance in broiler. Journal of Poultry Science, 12(54), 1258-1264.
  18. Henry, M. H., Pesti, G. M., Bakalli, R., Lee, J., Toledo, R. T., Eitenmiller, R. R. & Phillips, R. D. (2001). The performance of broiler chicks fed diets containing extruded cottonseed meal supplemented with lysine. Poultry Science, 80(6), 762-768.
  19. Hosseini, S. M. & Afshar, M. (2017). Effects of feed form and xylanase supplementation on performance and ileal nutrients digestibility of heat-stressed broilers fed wheat–soybean diet. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1), 550-556.
  20. Iji, P.A., Hughes, R.J., Choct, M. & Tivey, D.R. (2001). Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on wheat-based diets supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Animal Science. 14, 54-60.
  21. Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M. A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M. E. & Ahmed, S. (2008). Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poultry Science, 87(3), 468-474.
  22. Lemme, A., Frackenpohl, U., Petri, A. & Meyer, H. (2006). Response of male BUT big 6 turkeys to varying amino acid feeding programs. Poultry Science, 85(4), 652-660.
  23. Lu, J., Idris, U., Harmon, B., Hofacre, C., Maurer, J. J. & Lee, M. D. (2003). Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(11), 6816-6824.
  24. Marsman, G. J., Gruppen, H., Van der Poel, A. F., Kwakkel, R. P., Verstegen, M. W. & Voragen, A. G. (1997). The effect of thermal processing and enzyme treatments of soybean meal on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibilities, and chyme characteristics in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 76(6), 864-872.
  25. Mathlouthi, N., Mallet, S., Saulnier, L., Quemener, B. & Larbier, M. (2002). Effects of xylanase and β-glucanase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility, and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet. Animal Research, 51(05), 395-406.
  26. Owosibo, A., Odetola, O., Odunsi, O., Adejinmi, O. & Lawrence-Azua, O. (2013). Growth, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed probiotics based diets. African Journal of Agricultural, 8(41), 5076-5081.
  27. Pang, Y. & Applegate, T. J. (2007). Effects of dietary copper supplementation and copper source on digesta pH, calcium, zinc, and copper complex size in the gastrointestinal tract of the broiler chicken. Poultry Science, 86(3), 531-537.
  28. Rehman, H. U., Vahjen, W., Awad, W. A. & Zentek, J. (2007). Indigenous bacteria and bacterial metabolic products in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 61(5), 319-335.
  29. Reshadi-Nejad, S., Tabeidian, S. A. & Toghyani, M. (2015). The effect of diet type (mash, pellets, extruded and crumble) on some immune responses broiler chicken. Biological Forum, 7(1), 901. Research Trend.
  30. Sakata, T. (1987). Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine: a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable. British Journal Nutrition, 58(1), 95-103.
  31. Sklan, D. (2001). Development of the digestive tract of poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 57(4), 415-428.
  32. Smits, C. H., Veldman, A., Verstegen, M. W. & Beynen, A. C. (1997). Dietary carboxymethylcellulose with high instead of low viscosity reduces macronutrient digestion in broiler chickens. The Journal of Nutrition, 127(3), 483-487.
  33. Torok, V. A., Hughes, R. J., Ophel-Keller, K., Ali, M. & MacAlpine, R. (2009). Influence of different litter materials on cecal microbiota colonization in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 88(12), 2474-2481.
  34. Uni, Z., Smirnov, A. & Sklan, D. (2003). Pre-and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: effect of delayed access to feed. Poultry Science, 82(2), 320-327.
  35. Valencia, D. G., Serrano, M. P., Jiménez-Moreno, E., Lázaro, R. & Mateos, G. G. (2009). Ileal digestibility of amino acids of pea protein concentrate and soya protein sources in broiler chicks. Livestock Science, 121(1), 21-27.
  36. Van der Klis, J. D., Van Voorst, A. & Van Cruyningen, C. (1993). Effect of a soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose) on the physico‐chemical conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. British Poultry Science, 34(5), 971-983.
  37. Van der Wielen, P. W., Biesterveld, S., Notermans, S., Hofstra, H., Urlings, B. A. & van Knapen, F. (2000). Role of volatile fatty acids in development of the cecalmicroflora in broiler chickens during growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(6), 2536-2540.
  38. Zang, J. J., Piao, X. S., Huang, D. S., Wang, J. J., Ma, X. & Ma, Y. X. (2009). Effects of feed particle size and feed form on growth performance, nutrient metabolizability and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Asian-AustralasianJournal of Animal Sciences, 22(1), 107-112.
  39. Zhang, W. F., Li, D. F., Lu, W. Q. & Yi, G. F. (2003). Effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides on broiler performance and intestinal microflora. Poultry Science, 82(4), 657-663.
  40. Zimonja, O., Hetland, H., Lazarevic, N., Edvardsen, D. H. & Svihus, B. (2008). Effects of fibre content in pelleted wheat and oats diets on technical pellet quality and nutritional value for broiler chickens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 88(4), 613-622.
علوم دامی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 69-77

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 تیر 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار