تأثیر افزایش غلظت الیاف در جیره های مکمل شده با روغن گیاهی روی غلظت چربی شیر، فراسنجه‌های شکمبه و رفتار تغذیه ای گاوها در اواسط شیردهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 مدیر تحقیق و توسعه شرکت آتی زیست دام

چکیده

به­منظور مطالعه اثر افزایش غلظت الیاف (الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی) در جیره­های مکمل شده با روغن گیاهی بر عملکرد و رفتار تغذیه­ای گاوهای اواسط شیردهی از چهار رأس گاو هلشتاین یک بار زایش کرده و چهار رأس چند بار زایش کرده به­ترتیب با میانگین وزنی 30±525 و 88±585 کیلوگرم و روزهای شیردهی 12±99 روز استفاده شد. گاوها به چهار جیره غذایی به ترتیب با غلظت الیاف 31، 31، 35 و 39 درصد و با اضافه کردن 2 درصد روغن آفتابگردان در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4×4 اختصاص داده شدند. یکی از جیره­های با 31 درصد الیاف بدون اضافه شدن روغن بود. دوره­های آزمایشی 21 روز بود و نمونه­گیری در هفته سوم انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش الیاف جیره به 35 و 39 درصد باعث کاهش در ماده خشک مصرفی می­شود (01/0>P). قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین و الیاف با افزودن روغن به جیره با الیاف بالا تمایل به کاهش نشان داد (1/0>P). فعالیت جویدن با افزایش الیاف جیره به 35 و 39 تمایل به افزایش نشان داد (1/0>P). افزودن روغن با الیاف پایین باعث کاهش pH شکمبه، نسبت استات به پروپیونات و درصد چربی و پروتئین شیر شد ولی با الیاف متوسط و بالا این تأثیر وجود نداشت. به­طور کلی اثرات متفاوتی از روغن بر عملکرد حیوان با درصد الیاف مختلف مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of increasing concentration of dietary fiber in diets supplemented with plant oil on milk fat concentration, rumen parameters and feeding behavior of mid-lactating cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Mirzaei-Alamouti 1
  • Asghar Aghaei 2
  • Kamran Akbari 2
  • Mina Vazirigohar 3 4
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Former Ph.D. Student, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Senior Researcher at Ati Zist Dam Co. Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary NDF in diets rich in plant oil (sunflower) on milk performance and feeding behavior of mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Four primiparous (BW: 525±30 kg; DIM: 103±6) and four multiparous (BW: 587±88 kg; DIM: 99±12) cows were used in a 4×4 replicated Latin square design with 21-d experimental periods. Cows were received 1 of 4 four treatments: 1) 31% fiber (NDF) and no supplement plant oil, LF, 2) 31% fiber with 2% supplement plant oil, LFO 3) 35% fiber with 2% plant oil, MFO 4) 39% fiber with 2% plant oil, HFO. Daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition, blood metabolites, dry matter digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics and BW variations were determined. There was no significant different in milk production among diets. Milk fat (P<0.01) and protein (P<0.05) concentrations were significantly affected by treatments. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were higher (P<0.01) in LFO diet. The cows fed HFO had higher NDF digestibility (P<0.01). Total VFA and acetate concentration were greater for HFO diet and propionate concentration was greater for LFO diet (P<0.01) than the others. Rumen fluid pH was increased by increasing dietary NDF concentration (P<0.01). Chewing activity was positively affected by increasing concentration of dietary NDF (P<0.01). This study showed that diets rich in plant oil and low concentration of NDF induce the milk fat depression in mid-lactating cows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • digestibility
  • dry matter
  • Holstein cow
  • milk content
  • NDF

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علوم دامی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 11-21

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اردیبهشت 1398

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