تأثیر منابع مختلف چربی بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های فعالیت کبدی گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در دورۀ انتقال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

هدف از این بررسی­ ارزیابی تأثیر تغذیۀ منابع مختلف چربی بر عملکرد تولیدی و برخی از شاخص­های فعالیت کبدی گاوهای هلشتاین در دورۀ انتقال بود. 35 رأس دام از 21 روز پیش از زایش تا 21 روز پس از زایش به‌صورت کامل تصادفی به پنج جیرۀ غذایی متشکل از جیرۀ حاوی پودر چربی با منبع نخل (پالم) روغنی به­عنوان جیرۀ شاهد (T1)، جیرۀ حاوی مکمل CLA (ترکیبی از ترانس 10 سیس 12 و سیس 9 ترانس11) (T2)، جیرۀ حاوی دانۀ کتان نواری (اکسترود)شده (T3)، جیرۀ‌ حاوی مخلوطی از مکمل CLA و دانۀ کتان نواری‌شده (T4)  و جیرۀ‌ حاوی مخلوط روغن و کنجالۀ کنجد (T5) اختصاص داده شدند. مقدار مصرف خوراک و تولید شیر به‌صورت روزانه و ترکیب شیر به‌صورت هفتگی اندازه‌گیری شد. نمونه‌های خون به‌صورت هفتگی به‌منظور تعیین غلظت فراسنجه­های پلاسما گرد‌آوری شد. مقادیر مادۀ خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر و ترکیب شیر تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). از بین فراسنجه‌های خون، غلظت پروتئین کل و اورۀ خون در زمان پس از زایش تحت تأثیر تیمار قرار گرفت (05/0P<). غلظت پروتئین کل در گاوهای تغذیه‌شده با T3 نسبت به گاوهای تغذیه‌شده با T1 بیشتر بود و غلظت اورۀ خون در گاوهای تغذیه‌شده با T5 زیادتر از T3 بود ولی بین دیگر تیمارها تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. تفاوت­ها در غلظت آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز خون در دورۀ پیش از زایش بین تیمارها تمایل به معنی­داری داشت (1/0P<) به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار برای گاوهای گروه T1 بود. از این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت، دانۀ کتان نواری‌شده با افزایش پروتئین کل پلاسما و کاهش اورۀ خون پس از زایش و مکمل CLA با کاهش آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز پس از زایش تأثیر سودمندی بر سلامت کبد در دورۀ انتقال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different sources of fatty acids on the performance and liver function indices in Holstein dairy cows during transition period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Moradi 1
  • Mahdi Ganjkhanlou 2
  • Abolfazl Zali 2
  • Mehdi Dehghan Banadaky 3
1 M. Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different sources of fatty acids on the performance and liver activity indices of Holstein cows during the transition period. Thirty-five cows were randomly assigned (from 21 days prepartum to 21 days postpartum) to 5 dietary treatments consisting of a diet containing palm oil (T1) as control, CLA fat supplement (T2), extruded flaxseed (T3), mixes of CLA fat supplement and extruded flaxseed(T4), and sesame oil and sesame meal (T5). The amounts of dry matter intake and milk yields were measured daily and milk composition was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected weekly to determine the concentration of plasma parameters. Feed intake, milk yields and milk composition were generally similar among treatments (P>0.05). Among blood parameters, the levels of urea and total protein affected by treatment in postpartum (P <0/05). The concentration of total protein in group T3 was higher than group T1. The urea concentration in group T5 was higher as compared with group T3. Amount of aspartate aminotransferase in prepartum had a significant tendency between treatments (P<0.1) and the highest amount was observed for group T1. The results of this study showed that CLA supplementation and extruded flaxseed increased total protein and reduced blood urea and has a beneficial effect on the health of the liver during the transition period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood parameters
  • Dairy cow
  • fat supplement
  • Transition period
  • liver function

مراجع

  1. Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Han, X. & Bionaz, M. (2008). Effects of Inflammatory Conditions on Liver Activity in Puerperium Period and Consequences for Performance in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(9), 3300-3310.
  2. Bobe, G., Young, J. W. & Beitz, D. C. (2004). Invited Review: Pathology, Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(10), 3105-3124.
  3. Brickner, A. E., Pires, J. A. A., Gressley, T. F. & Grummer, R. R. (2009). Effects of abomasal lipid infusion on liver triglyceride accumulation and adipose lipolysis during fatty liver induction in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(10), 4954-4961.
  4. do Prado, R. M., Palin, M. F., do Prado, I. N., dos Santos, G. T., Benchaar, C. & Petit, H. V. (2016). Milk yield, milk composition, and hepatic lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows fed flaxseed or linola. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(11), 8831-8846.
  5. Drackley, J. K., Overton, T. R. & Douglas, G. N. (2001). Adaptations of Glucose and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Liver of Dairy Cows during the Periparturient Period. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, E100-E112.
  6. Esposito, G., Irons, P. C., Webb, E. C. & Chapwanya, A. (2014). Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 144(3-4), 60-97.
  7. Farid, A. S., Honkawa, K., Fath, E. M., Nonaka, N. & Horii, Y. (2013). Serum paraoxonase-1 as biomarker for improved diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows. BMC veterinary research, 9(1), 73.
  8. Goodridge, J., Ingalls, J. R. & Crow, G. H. (2001). Transfer of omega-3 linolenic acid and linoleic acid to milk fat from flaxseed or Linola protected with formaldehyde. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 81(4), 525–532. https://doi.org/10.4141/A01-024.
  9. Grummer, R. R. (2008). Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle. Vet.J., 176(1090-0233 (Print) LA - eng PT - Journal Article SB - IM), 10-20.
  10. Grummer, R. R. & Carroll, D. J. (1991). Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and reproductive performance of dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 69(9), 3838-3852.
  11. Gudbrandsen, O. A., Rodríguez, E., Wergedahl, H., Mørk, S., Reseland, J. E., Skorve, J., Berge, R. K. (2009). Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces the hepatic triacylglycerol content and the leptin mRNA level in adipose tissue in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(6), 803-815.
  12. Haag, M., Magada, O. N., Claassen, N., Böhmer, L. H. & Kruger, M. C. (2003). Omega-3 fatty acids modulate ATPases involved in duodenal Ca absorption. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 68(6), 423-429.
  13. Heravi Moussavi, A. R., Gilbert, R. O., Overton, T. R., Bauman, D. E. & Butler, W. R. (2007). Effects of Feeding Fish Meal and n-3 Fatty Acids on Ovarian and Uterine Responses in Early Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(1), 145-154.
  14. Hutchinson, I. A., Hennessy, A. A., Waters, S. M., Dewhurst, R. J., Evans, A. C. O., Lonergan, P. & Butler, S. T. (2012). Effect of supplementation with different fat sources on the mechanisms involved in reproductive performance in lactating dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 78(1), 12-27.
  15. Ii, J. W. P., Barbano, D. M., Bauman, D. E. & Overton, T. R. (2003). Production Responses of Dairy Cows to Dietary Supplementation with Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) During the Transition Period and Early Lactation 1 , 2. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(10), 3218-3228.
  16. Issi, M., Gül, Y. & Başbuğ, O. (2016). Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 40(1), 47-52.
  17. Jenkins, T. C. & McGuire, M. A. (2006). Major Advances in Nutrition: Impact on Milk Composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(4), 1302-1310.
  18. Knegsel, A. T. M. Van, Brand, H. Van Den, Dijkstra, J. & Kemp, B. (2007). Effects of dietary energy source on energy balance , metabolites and reproduction variables in dairy cows in early lactation, 274-280.
  19. Mashek, D. G., Bertics, S. J. & Grummer, R. R. (2002). Metabolic Fate of Long-Chain Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Palmitic Acid Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis in Bovine Hepatocytes. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(9), 2283-2289.
  20. Mattos, R., Staples, C. R., Arteche, A., Wiltbank, M. C., Diaz, F. J., Jenkins, T. C. & Thatcher, W. W. (2004). The Effects of Feeding Fish Oil on Uterine Secretion of PGF 2 α , Milk Composition , and Metabolic Status of Periparturient Holstein Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(4), 921-932.
  21. Mattos, R., Staples, C. R. & Thatcher, W. W. (2000). Effects of dietary fatty acids on reproduction in ruminants, 5(2000), 38-45.
  22. Nudda, A., Correddu, F., Marzano, A., Battacone, G., Nicolussi, P., Bonelli, P. & Pulina, G. (2015). Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(2), 1157-1166.
  23. Odens, L. J., Burgos, R., Innocenti, M., Vanbaale, M. J. & Baumgard, L. H. (2007). Effects of Varying Doses of Supplemental Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Production and Energetic Variables During the Transition Period 1. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(1), 293-305.
  24. Ospina, P. A., McArt, J. A., Overton, T. R., Stokol, T. & Nydam, D. V. (2013). Using nonesterified fatty acids and ??-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during the transition period for herd-level monitoring of increased risk of disease and decreased reproductive and milking performance. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Food Animal Practice, 29(2), 387-412.
  25. Petit, H. V. (2015). Milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, and blood composition of dairy cows fed different proportions of whole flaxseed in the first half of lactation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 205, 23-30.
  26. Petit, H. V., Dewhurst, R. J., Scollan, N. D., Proulx, J. G., Khalid, M., Haresign, W., Mann, G. E. (2002a). Milk Production and Composition, Ovarian Function, and Prostaglandin Secretion of Dairy Cows Fed Omega-3 Fats. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(4), 889-99.
  27. Petit, H. V., Dewhurst, R. J., Scollan, N. D., Proulx, J. G., Khalid, M., Haresign, W., Mann, G. E. (2002b). Milk Production and Composition, Ovarian Function, and Prostaglandin Secretion of Dairy Cows Fed Omega-3 Fats1. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(4), 889-899.
  28. Petit, H. V., Germiquet, C. & Lebel, D. (2004). Effect of Feeding Whole, Unprocessed Sunflower Seeds and Flaxseed on Milk Production, Milk Composition, and Prostaglandin Secretion in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(11), 3889-3898.
  29. Petit, H. V. & Benchaar, C. (2007). Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids. Canadian journal of animal science, 87(4), 591-600.
  30. Petit, H. V, Palin, M. F. & Doepel, L. (2007). Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cows Fed Flaxseed 1. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(10), 4780-4792.
  31. Qiu, X., Eastridge, M. L. & Firkins, J. L. (2004). Effects of dry matter intake, addition of buffer, and source of fat on duodenal flow and concentration of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-11 C18:1 in milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(12), 4278-4286.
  32. Rajesha, J., Murthy, K. N. C., Kumar, M. K., Madhusudhan, B. & Ravishankar, G. A. (2006). Antioxidant potentials of flaxseed by in vivo model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(11), 3794-3799.
  33. Gandra, J. R., Freitas Junior, J. E. D., Maturna Filho, M., Barletta, R. V., Verdurico, L. C. & Rennó, F. P. (2014). Soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids as fat sources for Holstein dairy cows in transition period. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 15(1), 83-93.
  34. Roy, R., Chandrasekhar, D. & Pujari, P. (2007). Dietary fish oil as hepatoprotective agent in Mus musculus. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 45(4), 367-370.
  35. Schlegel, G., Ringseis, R., Windisch, W., Schwarz, F. J. & Eder, K. (2012). Effects of a rumen-protected mixture of conjugated linoleic acids on hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(7), 3905-3918.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 دی 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 تیر 1397

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار