تأثیر پودر دانه‌های رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) و زیره (Carum carvi) و مخمرها بر فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز، جمعیت تک‌یاختگان و فعالیت آنزیم‌های میکروبی شکمبۀ‌ گوسفند در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ ارشد تغذیۀ دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

3 استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

4 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیۀ دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر افزودن پودر دانۀ رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare)، زیره (Carum carvi) و مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه در مقایسه با موننسین بر آزمون تولید گاز، فراسنجه‌های تخمیر، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، جمعیت تک‌یاختگان (پروتوزوا) و فعالیت آنزیمی شکمبه­ بود. هفت جیرۀ آزمایشی شامل 1) جیرۀ شاهد و مکمل کردن جیرۀ شاهد با 2) 8 گرم رازیانه + 8 گرم زیره (نسبت 1 به 1)، 3) 12 گرم رازیانه + 4 گرم زیره (به نسبت 75 به 25)، 4) 5 گرم مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه، 5) 5 گرم مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه + 8 گرم رازیانه و 8 گرم زیره (نسبت 1 به 1)، 6) 5 گرم مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه + 12 گرم رازیانه + 4 گرم زیره (به نسبت 75 به 25) و 7) 30 میلی‌گرم موننسین در کیلوگرم مادۀ خشک با استفاده از شیرابۀ شکمبه در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی نگهداری (انکوبه) شد. بیشترین میزان گاز تولیدی در زمان 24 و 48 ساعت نگهداری (انکوباسیون)، کل حجم گاز تولیدی، میزان اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر، قابلیت هضم ظاهری مادۀ آلی و برآورد انرژی قابل سوخت‌وساز (متابولیسم) در جیرۀ مکمل شده با مخمر همراه با پودر رازیانه و زیره (به نسبت 75 به 25) نسبت به جیرۀ شاهد مشاهده شد (05/0>P). بیشترین حجم گاز تولیدی در زمان 72 ساعت نگهداری، قابلیت تولید گاز (b)، فعالیت آنزیم‌های تجزیه‌کنندۀ کاغذ صافی و آلفا آمیلاز در تیمار مکمل شده با مخمر و نسبت 1 به 1 زیره به رازیانه در مقایسه با جیرۀ مکمل شده با موننسین و جیرۀ شاهد به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کل جمعیت پروتوزوا (10/0>P) و زیرخانوادۀ‌ دیپلودینیا (05/0≥P) در تیمار شاهد و کمترین آن در جیرۀ مکمل شده با رازیانه و زیره (به نسبت 1 به 1) همراه با مخمر مشاهده شد. در کل، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد، پودر رازیانه و زیره همراه با مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی را از راه تعدیل کردن تخمیر شکمبه‌ای در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and cumin (Carum carvi) powder and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in comparison with monensin on in vitro gas production parameters, protozoa population and microbial enzyme activity of sheep

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soghra Derakhshan Nia 1
  • Arash Azarfar 2
  • Ayoub Azizi-Shotorkhoft 3
  • Mehrdad Taghizadeh 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Iran
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of present research was to investigate effects of supplementation lambs’ fattening diet with fennel and cumin powder and Saccharomyces cerevisiaein comparison with monensin on in vitro gas production and fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity and protozoa population. Seven experimental diets were 1) control diet (basal diet) and supplementing control diet with 2) 8 g fennel (F) + 8 g cumin (C) powder per kg DM (1 to 1 ratio), 3) 12 g F + 4 g C (75 to 25 ratio), 4) 5 g yeast per kg diet DM, 5) 5 g yeast + 8 g F + 8 g C (1 to 1 ratio), 6) 5 g yeast + 12 g F + 4 g C (75 to 25 ratio), and 7) 30 mg monensin per kg diet DM. Diets were incubated in rumen liquor in a completely randomized design. The highest gas production during 24 and 48 h of incubation, total gas production, short chain fatty acids, organic matter digestibility and estimated metabolizable energy were observed in the diet containing yeast along with F and C (75 to 25 ratio) compared to control diet (P <0.05). Diet containing yeast along with the same ratio of F and C resulted in the highest gas production during 72 h of incubation, gas production from the insoluble, but fermentable fractions (b), filter paper degrading and α-amylase activities compared to control diet and diet containing monensin (P <0.05). The highest total protozoa population (P <0.10) and sub-family of Diplodiniinae (P≥ 0.05) was observed in control diet compared to diet supplemented with yeast along with the 1 to 1 ratio of F and C.  In conclusion, we found that cumin and fennel powders along with saccharomyces cerevisiae are promising alternatives to monensin in lambs fattening diets, and that their dietary inclusion improved gas production and nutrients’ degradability by modifying rumen fermentation in vitro.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Enzyme activity
  • fennel and cumin powder
  • Gas production
  • protozoan population
  • yeast

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 آذر 1396

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