تأثیر طول دورۀ خشکی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر در گله‌های تجاری گاوهای شیردۀ هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

 این پژوهش برای ارزیابی تأثیر طول دورۀ خشکی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر گاوهای هلشتاین در گله­های تجاری با شمار 2143 گاو هلشتاین انجام شد، گاوها بر پایۀ طول دورۀ خشکی سپری کرده به پنج گروه شامل؛ 45 ≥، 45-51، 52-65، 66-76 و 75 ≤ طبقه­بندی شدند. ثبت تولید شیر و نمونه­برداری از شیر هر گاو دست‌کم تا شش و بیشینه تا دوازده ماه پس از زایش انجام شد. داده­های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS با رویۀ MIXED تجزیه شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که با کاهش طول دورۀ خشکی به کمتر از 45 روز تولید شیر به‌طور معنی­داری کاهش پیدا کرد و میزان تغییر امتیاز وضعیت بدنی در یک دورۀ شیردهی و درصد جفت ماندگی افزایش معنی­دار نشان داد. درصد چربی شیر به‌صورت درجۀ دوم از طول دورۀ خشکی تأثیر پذیرفت، به‌طوری‌که دورۀ خشکی بین 52-65 روز کمترین درصد چربی شیر را داشت. تأثیر دورۀ خشکی بر درصد پروتئین شیر به‌صورت درجۀ سوم بود، یعنی با افزایش طول دورۀ خشکی از 45 روز درصد پروتئین  شیر در آغاز کاهش و پس‌از آن افزایش پیدا کرد. به‌طورکلی در این بررسی تأثیر منفی از کاهش طول دورۀ خشکی به کمتر از 45 روز بر روی تولید و ترکیب شیر و سلامت حیوان مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of dry period length on cow milk yield and milk components in commercial Holstein dairy herds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Mirzaei-Alamouti 1
  • Ali Shapourzadeh 2
  • Kamran Akbari-Pabandi 2
  • Davood Zahmatkesh 3
1 Associated Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan
2 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was investigating the effects of dry period length on milk production and milk component in commercial large dairy herds using 2143 cow records. The Cows were classified according to dry period length in ≤ 45, 45-51, 52-65, 66-76 and ≥ 75 days. Milk yield and contents were recorded during 6 to 12 months. Data were analyzed using the MIXED MODEL procedure of SAS. Results indicated that reduced dry period length to less than 45-day reduced milk production yield, and changes in body condition score and rate of retained placenta was increased. Milk fat content decreased none linearly with increasing dry period length and it was the least when length of dry period was 52-65 days. Dry period length cubically affected protein content of milk; protein content was decreased and then increased by increasing dry period length. Generally, the results showed that reduceing dry period length to less than 45 day had negative effects on health, milk yield and milk components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dry period
  • milk component
  • milk yield
  • protein percent

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 اسفند 1395

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