بررسی تأثیرات تزریق مواد مغذی مختلف به کیسة زردة تخم‌مرغ‌های بارور، همراه با 36 ساعت گرسنگی پس از تفریخ، بر قابلیت جوجه‌کشی، عملکرد رشد و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد تغذیة دام و طیور، بخش علوم دامی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی ، بخش علوم دامی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 کارشناس، مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی کرمان (دکتری تغذیة طیور)

4 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد، بخش علوم دامی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور مطالعة اثر قابلیت تغذیة جنینی بر درصد جوجه ‌درآوری، وزن اولیه بعد از هچ، عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌های خونی، سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی و مورفولوژی پرزهای روده انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه 240 تخم‌مرغ بارور سویة گوشتی راس- 308 (گلة مادر در سن 28 هفتگی)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار استفاده شدند. به هر تیمار سه تکرار و به هر تکرار 16 عدد تخم‌مرغ اختصاص داده شد. تیمارها عبارت بودند از یک تیمار بدون تزریق (شاهد 1) و تزریق 7/0 میلی‌لیتر از مواد مغذی شامل آب مقطر (شاهد 2)، محلول اسیدهای آمینه، دکستروز 10 درصد و دکستروز 20 درصد، به کیسة زردة تخم‌مرغ‌های بارور در روز 5/14 انکوباسیون. جوجه‌ها بعد از هچ به مدت 36 ساعت از دسترسی به خوراک محروم بودند. وزن تولد در تیمار اسید آمینه در مقایسه با تیمار بدون تزریق و تزریق آب مقطر به طور معنا‌داری بیشتر بود (05/0>P). بیشترین افزایش وزن در 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دوره در تیمار تزریق دکستروز 20 درصد مشاهده شد که با تیمارهای تزریق آب مقطر و بدون تزریق اختلاف معنا‌داری داشت. بیشترین مقدار خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل غذایی به 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دورة پرورش در تیمار آب مقطر مربوط بود. گلوکز خون جوجه‌ها پس از هچ در تیمار تزریق آب مقطر و بدون تزریق از سایر تیمارها کمتر بود، همچنین کلسترول در تیمار تزریق آب مقطر کمترین مقدار را نشان داد. تزریق دکستروز 10 درصد سبب افزایش وزن نسبی تیموس (در هفت‌روزگی) شد. همچنین کمترین وزن نسبی بورس فابریسیوس در 42 روزگی در تیمار بدون تزریق مشاهده شد. تزریق دکستروز 10 درصد سبب افزایش طول پرز در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها در سه روزگی شد که البته با تیمار بدون تزریق اختلاف معنا‌داری داشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، به نظر می‌رسد تزریق کربوهیدرات‌ها به داخل تخم می‌تواند در بهبود عملکرد جوجه‌ها مؤثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of in ovo feeding of different nutrients into yolk sac and 36 h starvation after hatch on hatchability, growth performance and few blood parameters of broiler chicks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negin Amiri 1
  • Mohammad Salarmoini 2
  • Shima Tasharrofi 3
  • Mohadeseh Eslami 4
1 Former Graduate Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, kerman, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Poultry Nutrition, Consultant of Agricultural Organization of Kerman, Iran
4 Former Graduate Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding of different nutrients on hatchability, initial weight after hatch, growth performance, blood parameters, immune organs and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 16 fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeders (28 Week old) in each replicate. Experimental treatments Included: without injection (control) and injection of 0.7 ml of different nutrients into the yolk sac of fertile eggs on 14.5 d of incubation period, including: distilled water (sham), amino acids, dextrin 10% and dextrin 20%. Chicks were fasted for 36 hours after hatch.The results showed that in ovo injection of amino acids can led to heavier birth weight, in compare to sham and control treatments. Chicks hatched from eggs treated with dextrose 10% showed significantly the highest weight gain in 22- 42 d priod. Also, at the same time, chicks hatched from egges injected with distilled water (sham) showed significantly the highest feed intake and FCR. Blood glucose level after hatch were significantly lower in control and shame treatments than other treatment. Blood cholesterol level was significantly lower in shame treatment. In ovo injection of dextrin 10% led to higher relative weight of thymus (at 7 d of age). Also, the lowest relative weight of bursa at 42 d was for control treatment.Jejunal villus highet in chicks aged 3 d was significantly higher for those hatched from eggs treated with dextrin 10%.In conclusion, it seems that in ovo injection of nutrients especially dextrin 10% and 20% can be helpful to improve the performance of broilers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • In Ovo feeding
  • Broilers
  • dextrin
  • yolk sac
  1. Acar, N., Patterson, P. & Barbato, G. (2001). Appetite suppressant activity of supplemental dietary amino acids and subsequent compensatory growth of broilers. Poultry Science, 80, 1215-1222.
  2. Al‐Murrani, W. (1982). Effect of injecting amino acids into the egg on embryonic and subsequent growth in the domestic fowl. British poultry science, 23, 171-174.
  3. Aviagen. (2007). Nutrition Specification for Ross 308. Aviagen Limited, Newbridge Scotland.
  4. Bhanja, S., Mandal, A., Agarwal, S., Majumdar, S. & Bhattacharyya, A. (2007). Effect of in ovo injection of vitamins on the chick weight and post-hatch growth performance in broiler chickens. In: Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Strasbourg, France, 26-30 August. pp. 143-146.
  5. Burley, R. & Vadehra, V. (1989). The avian egg: chemistry and biology, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.
  6. Christensen, V., Grimes, J., Donaldson, W. & Lerner, S. (2000). Correlation of body weight with hatchling blood glucose concentration and its relationship to embryonic survival. Poultry Science, 79, 1817-1822.
  7. Dibner, J. & Richards, J. (2004). The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 13, 86-93.
  8. Dibner, J., Knight, C. Kitchell, M., Atwell, C., Downs, A. & Ivey, F. (1998). Early feeding and development of the immune system in neonatal poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 7, 425-436.
  9. Dibner, J., Richards, J. & Knight, C. (2008). Microbial imprinting in gut development and health. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17, 174-188.
  10. Ebrahimnezhad, Y., Salmanzadeh, M., Aghdamshahryar, H., Beheshti, R. & Rahimi, H. (2011). The effects of in ovo injection of glucose on characters of hatching and parameters of blood in broiler chickens. Annals of biological research, 2, 347-351.
  11. Geyra, A., Uni, Z. & Sklan, D. (2001a). Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80, 776-782.
  12. Geyra, A., Uni, Z. & Sklan, D. (2001b). The effect of fasting at different ages on growth and tissue dynamics in the small intestine of the young chick. British Journal of Nutrition, 86, 53-61.
  13. Hajihosaini, M. & Mottaghitalab, M. (2004). Effect of amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability and growth of hatched chickens. Journal of Agriculture Science, 1, 23-31. (In Farsi).
  14. Hajihosaini, M. (2004). Effect of Amino Acid Injection in Broiler Breeder Eggs on Growth and Performance of Hatched Chickens. M.Sc. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran. (In Farsi).
  15. Hazelwood, R. & Lorenz, F. (1959). Effects of fasting and insulin on carbohydrate metabolism of the domestic fowl. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 197, 47-51.
  16. Herfiana, I. (2007). The effect of Glutamine, Dextrin and Its Combination Through In Ovo Feeding on Immune Response, Blood Profiles and The Carcass Composition of Male Broiler Chicken. M.Sc. dissertation, Department of Animal Sciences. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia.
  17. Høiby, M., Aulie, A. & Bjonnes, P.O. (1987). Anaerobic metabolism in fowl embryos during normal incubation. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Physiology, 86, 91-94.
  18. Kadam, M., Bhanja, S., Mandal, A., Thakur, R., Vasan, P., Bhattacharyya, A. & Tyagi, J. (2008). Effect of in ovo threonine supplementation on early growth, immunological responses and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens. British poultry science, 49, 736-741.

19. Kidd, M. T., Taylor, J. W., Page, C., Lott, B. D. & Chamblee, T. N. (2007). Hatchery feeding of starter diets to broiler chicks. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16, 234- 239.

  1. Lopez, G. & Leeson, S. (1995). Response of broiler breeders to low-protein diets. 1. Adult breeder performance. Poultry Science, 74, 685-695.
  2. Lu, J., McMurtry, J. & Coon, C. (2007). Developmental changes of plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factors, thyroid hormones, and glucose concentrations in chick embryos and hatched chicks. Poultry Science, 86, 673-683.
  3. Mousavi, S. N., Shivazad, M., Chamani, M., Sadeghi, E. A. & Lotf elahiyan, H. (2008). Study of in Ovo feeding as an early nutrition method. Iranian Journal of Dynamic agriculture, 5, 417-425. (In Farsi).
  4. Noy, Y. & Sklan, D. (1998). Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poult. British poultry science, 39, 446-451.
  5. Noy, Y. & Sklan, D. (1999). Different types of early feeding and performance in chicks and poults. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8, 16-24.
  6. Noy, Y. & Sklan, D. (2001). Yolk and exogenous feed utilization in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80, 1490-1495.
  7. Ohta, Y. & Kidd, M. (2001). Optimum site for in ovo amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs. Poultry Science, 80, 1425-1429.
  8. Ohta, Y., Kidd, M. & Ishibashi, T. (2001). Embryo growth and amino acid concentration profiles of broiler breeder eggs, embryos, and chicks after in ovo administration of amino acids. Poultry Science, 80, 1430-1436.
  9. Ohta, Y., Tsushima, N., Koide, K., Kidd, M. & Ishibashi, T. (1999). Effect of amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs on embryonic growth and hatchability of chicks. Poultry Science, 78, 1493-1498.
  10. Ostaszewski, P. & Nissen, S. (1988). Effect of hyperglucagonemia on whole-body leucine metabolism in immature pigs before and during a meal. American Journal of Physiology, 254, 372-377.
  11. Petek, M., Yilmaz, E. & Cibik, R. (2007). Effect of first feed intake time on broiler performance and carcass traits. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 32, 203-206.
  12. Pilarski, R., Bednarczyk, M., Lisowski, M., Rutkowski, A., Bernacki, Z., Wardeńska, M. & Gulewicz, K. (2005). Assessment of the effect of α-galactosides injected during embryogenesis on selected chicken traits. Folia boil, 53, 13-20.

32. SAS Institute, 2005. Statistical Analysis System, version 9.1 (release TS1M3). SAS Institute Inc., Cary North Carolina United States.

  1. Sturkie, P. D. (1986). Avian Physiology. 4th ed., Springer Science.
  2. Tako, E., Ferket, P. R. & Uni, Z. (2004). Effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl butyrate and carbohydratee on the development of chicken intestine. Poultry Science, 83, 2023-2028.
  3. Tasharofi, S. (2012). Effect of in-ovo injection of protein, amino acids and carbohydrate on performance, growth of digestive tract and immune system in broilers. M.Sc. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
  4. Tasharrofi, S. & Rahimi, S. (2005). Comparison of early feeding and antibiotic on perfprmance, growth of digestive tract and development of immune system. In: Proceedings of World Poultry Congress, Turkey.
  5. Uni, Z., Ferket, P., Tako, E. & Kedar, O. (2005). In ovo feeding improves energy status of late-term chicken embryos. Poultry Science, 84, 764-770.
  6. Uni, Z., Ganot, S. & Sklan, D. (1998). Posthatch development of mucosal function in the broiler small intestine. Poultry Science, 77, 75-82.
  7. Vieira, S. & Moran, E. (1999). Effects of delayed placement and used litter on broiler yields. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8, 75-81.
  8. Yi, G., Allee, G., Knight, C., & Dibner, J. (2005). Impact of glutamine and oasis hatchling supplement on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune response of broilers vaccinated and challenged with Eimeria maxima. Poultry Science, 84, 283-293.
  9. Zhai, W., Rowe, D.E. & Peebles, E.D. (2001). Effects of commercial in ovo injevtion of carbohydrates on broiler embryogenesis. Poultry Science, 90, 1295-1301.