Aref Mahmoodtabar; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Mohsen Sharafi; Naheed Mojgani
Abstract
This exprement was conducted to compare the effects of antibiotic and some Iranian and similar importedprobiotics on performance, economic indicators and intestine morphology of broilers. 540 1-day old broilers were used in a completly randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 riplicates per treatment. ...
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This exprement was conducted to compare the effects of antibiotic and some Iranian and similar importedprobiotics on performance, economic indicators and intestine morphology of broilers. 540 1-day old broilers were used in a completly randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 riplicates per treatment. Pedi-Guard and Lacto-Feed were used as Iranian and Bactocell and Primalac probiotics as imported products. Treatments were: 1) basal diet (control) and basal diet with: 2) antibiotic, 3) Bactocell probiotic, 4) Pedi-Guard probiotic, 5) Primalac probiotic and 6) Lacto-Feed probiotic. Orthogonal contrasts were used to compare the effect of probiotics versus control and antibiotic, Iranian probiotics versus imported products and single strain probiotics versus multi strains. Primalac decreased feed intake and body weight gain, while antibiotic and Bactocell increased the feed intake and body weight gain in the starter period (P<0.05). These changes did not change the feed conversion ratio. Economic indices, production efficiency factor and body weight did not show any significant differences. Antibiotic reduced villus height, surface area and the crypt depth and the Primalac showed an increase in villus height and surface area in the jejunum (P<0.05). Contrast of antibiotic versus probiotics resulted in improvement in performance, gross profit, as well as decrease in jejunum length, crypt depth, villus height, and surface area (P<0.05). Reduction in crypt depth in ileum was the only change caused by using Iranian probiotics versus imported products (P<0.05). As general conclusion, Iranian probiotics, imported probiotics and antibiotic were different from control group when judge based on performance and economic indexes.
Sohaila Azarzartosht; Ahmad Karimi; Gorbanali Sadeghi
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of starter period’s (1 to 10 d) dietary cation-anion balance on performance, tibia bone mineralization, serum electrolyte level, carcass characteristics and small intestine morphology. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain ...
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This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of starter period’s (1 to 10 d) dietary cation-anion balance on performance, tibia bone mineralization, serum electrolyte level, carcass characteristics and small intestine morphology. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of five different level of dietary cation-anion balance (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mEq/Kg) and each of them replicated four times (14 birds per replicate). The results showed that feeding a diet with anion-cation balance of 350 mEq/Kg, significantly (P<0.05) reduced body weight and weight gain during starter and grower periods, feed intake reduced and feed conversion ratio increased during starter period. Dietary cation-anion balance had no significant effects on serum electrolytes, relative weight of carcass and gastrointestinal organs to body weight and intestinal morphology. Reducing dietary cation-anion balance level to less than 300 mEq/Kg had no significant (P>0.05) effects on tibia bone ash content, but significantly (P<0.05) reduced the phosphorus and calcium content of tibia ash at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that maintaining appropriate dietary cation-anion balance during starter period (200 to 300 mEq/kg) is utmost important to achieve optimal broiler chicks’ performance.
Niloofar Bolandi; Seyed Reza Hashemi; Daryoush Davoodi; Behrooz Dastar; Saeed Hassani; Amin Ashayerizadeh
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of coating zeolite with nanosilver on performance, energy and protein efficiency and the weight of liver, spleen and burs of fabricius in broilers, using 375 Cobb strain chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five repetitions ...
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This experiment was carried out to study the effect of coating zeolite with nanosilver on performance, energy and protein efficiency and the weight of liver, spleen and burs of fabricius in broilers, using 375 Cobb strain chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five repetitions and 15 chicks in each replicate. Treatments were included basal diet and basal diet supplemented with one percent zeolite coated with different levels of nanosilver (zero, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ppm). Broilers performance investigated weekly. Energy and protein efficiency were calculated in each period of production. On days of 21 and 42 two birds from each experimental unit were slaughtered to measure the weight of internal organs. The results didn’t show any significant different in weight gain and feed intake between exmerimental diets. The efficiency of energy and protein increased significantly on grower period and total period of production (p<0.05). By increasing the level of nanosilver, weight of liver and bursa were increased and decreased respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion according to the result of this research using zeolite coated with nanosilver can improve the efficiency of energy and protein in broiler chickens.
Jamal Shirdel; Ali Nobakhat
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis(NO)medicinal plant powder on performance, carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broilers from 11 to 42 days in two experimental periods: grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis(NO)medicinal plant powder on performance, carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broilers from 11 to 42 days in two experimental periods: grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days). In this experiment 280 Ross- 308 broilers (male and female) were used completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 14 birds in each replicate. Experimental groups included: 1) control group (without NO), 2) group with 0.5% NO, 3) group with 1% NO, 3) group with 1.5% NO and 5) group with 2% NO. The results showed that using of NO without having any significant effects in carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters, affect the performance of broilers in grower, finisher and total periods (p<0.05). In these periods, using 1% of NO powder in broilers diets improved the amount of daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The lowest amount of daily weight gain and the highest feed conversion ratio were observed in control group. The highest body weight was obtained with 1.5% of NO. In conclusion using 1% Nasturtium officinalispowder in broiler diets can improve their performance.
Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari; Mehdi Mirzaei; Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh; AmirHossein Khaltabadi-Farahani
Abstract
Hundred and thirty lactating Holstein cows (36 primiparous and 94 multiparous) in early lactation period (34.3 ± 9.1 days in milk) with averaging milk yield 52.2 ± 9.2 kg/d were allocated in a change-over design to compare the feeding of finely ground (FGC) versus steam flake corn grain ...
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Hundred and thirty lactating Holstein cows (36 primiparous and 94 multiparous) in early lactation period (34.3 ± 9.1 days in milk) with averaging milk yield 52.2 ± 9.2 kg/d were allocated in a change-over design to compare the feeding of finely ground (FGC) versus steam flake corn grain (SFC). The performance, some blood metabolites, liver enzymes and insulin hormone were evaluated. The study lasted 44 days in two 22 days periods with the first 17 days as adaptation period and the last 5 days as sample collection period. The SFC was prepared by steam flaking of corn for 30 minutes in a stainless steel tank to increase the corn moisture up to 18-20%. The results show that DMI (P=0.53) as well as milk yield (P=0.078) were not differing between treatments (P>0.05). Corrected milk fat was tended to be greater for FGC compared to SFC (P=0.07), and energy corrected milk also was increased in SFC (P=0.02). Feeding ground corn caused to increase milk fat and steam flake corn feeding caused to increase milk protein percent (P<0.01). Although flaking increased blood glucose concentration, no other blood metabolites were differed between treatments. Insulin concentration as well as liver enzyme (ALT and AST) concentrations was similar between two treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion considering the cost of flaking and the base on present research results, corn grain flaking may not be recommendable for early lactation period.
Soudabeh Moradi; Arash Moradi; Zahra Zanganeh
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of synthetic methionine replacement with herbal methionine (HM) on performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics in broiler chicken. A total of 280 8-old Ross 308 male chicken were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: control, ...
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This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of synthetic methionine replacement with herbal methionine (HM) on performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics in broiler chicken. A total of 280 8-old Ross 308 male chicken were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: control, in which 100% methionine requirement was supplied form DL-methionine, and in treatments 2 to 7, DL-methionine in control was replaced by 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100% HM, respectively. Each treatment replicated 4 times (10 birds per each). Body weight at 21 and 42 d in broilers fed HM in levels up to 60% and 50% replacement was similar to those fed control diet, respectively. Experimental treatments had no significant impact on feed intake during the trial. No differences were observed in carcass percentage and relative weights of abdominal fat, breast, tights, liver, heart, thymus, lien, and bursa among the treatments. Herbal methionine replacement had no significant effect on blood total protein, globulin, uric acid and triglyceride content. Concentration of serum albumin was significantly elevated in birds fed diets contained 80% HM, whereas cholesterol content in treatment 100% HM and glucose content in treatments 60, 80 and 100% HM significantly reduced in compare to control (P≤0.05). In conclusion, it could be feasible to use herbal methionine in broiler diets as a replacement to supply a part of the methionine requirement without negatively affecting performance or carcass traits.
Maziar Mohiti-Asli; Moein Ghanaatparast-Rashti; Meysam Tavakoli-Alamooti
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sodium bentonite litter supplement and stoking density on performance and litter quality using a total of 252 broiler chicks in completely randomized design with 6 treatments which were arranged factorially (3×2) and 4 replicates. Experimental ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sodium bentonite litter supplement and stoking density on performance and litter quality using a total of 252 broiler chicks in completely randomized design with 6 treatments which were arranged factorially (3×2) and 4 replicates. Experimental factors included: stocking density (14; low and 18; high /birds per m2) and three levels of sodium bentonite litter supplement (0, 2 and 4 kg/m2). Higher stocking density led to lower performance, higher moisture, pH, count of E.coli and oocysts in litter, intestinal lesions score, footpad and hock lesion scores and breast blister (P<0.01). Litter moisture and footpad and hock scores were reduced by application of 2 kg/m2 litter supplement (P<0.01). Supplementation of 4 kg/m2 sodium bentonite decreased count of E. coli and nitrogen in litter and improved body weight gain of broilers than control (P<0.01). Interactions between stocking density and litter supplement for footpad and hock scores (35 day of age) were significant (P<0.05) as lesions were negligible in lower stocking density without any effect by litter supplement, although the lesions induced by higher density were reduced using 4 kg/m2 litter supplement. Results indicated that application of sodium bentonite as litter supplement had beneficial effects on broilers performance and litter quality.
Fatemeh Aziz Ali-Abadi; Hassan Darmani Kuhi; Mehrdad Mohammadi
Abstract
An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks using a completely randomized design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two levels of nano-adjuvant (with and without) and three levels of dietary protein (low, medium and high) during a 42 d experimental period. The main effect ...
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An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks using a completely randomized design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two levels of nano-adjuvant (with and without) and three levels of dietary protein (low, medium and high) during a 42 d experimental period. The main effect of protein density on feed intake was significant during the starter and grower periods (P<0.05). With regard to body weight gain, the main effect of protein density was significant in the starter, grower and whole experimental periods (P<0.01). Among the main and interaction effects, only the main effect of protein density on feed conversion ratio in the starter period was significant (P<0.01). The effect of protein density was also significant on the relative weights of carcass, legs, abdominal fat pad and bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05). The main effects of the protein density and nano-adjuvant for total anti-SRBC and IgG titers were significant at day 28 (P<0.05). Cell immunity in response to PHA-P injection was not affected by the factors. As an overall conclusion, diets with high protein density showed a better ability in improving the performance and immune response of broiler chicks compared to the diets with medium and low protein density. Also, the results showed some advantages for nano-adjuvant in humoral immune response stimulation.
Babak Esfandyari; Mojtaba Zaghari; Shirin Honarbakhsh; Mahmood Shivazad
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Licheni formis on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health of their progenies. A total of 336 broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500) from 22 to 32 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design of 2 × ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Licheni formis on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health of their progenies. A total of 336 broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500) from 22 to 32 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design of 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four treatments, each with seven replicates. Dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet without probiotic and without Salmonella enteritidis inclusion; 2) basal diet without probiotic and oral inclusion of 1×106 cfu/bird and 1×108 cfu/bird Salmonella enteritidis in 26 and 30 weeks of ege, respectively; 3) basal diet containing 0.4 gr/kg probiotic and without Salmonella enteritidis inclusion; 4) basal diet containing 0.4 gr/kg probiotic and oral inclusion of 1×106 cfu/bird and 1×108 cfu/bird Salmonella enteritidis in 26 and 30 weeks of ege, respectively. The results showed that adding probiotic was increased fractional weight of yolk and liver (P<0.05). The number of large and small yellow follicles were decreased significantly in response to the challenge with Salmonella compared with the control. The results of this study did not show any benefit of adding probiotic on performance of broiler breeder hens contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis.
Elahe Rostami Gohari; Mohsen Afsharmanesh; Hadi Tavakkoli
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of synbiotic and two levels of dried garlic powder on performance during 1-49 and ileum morphology and microbial population at 49d of age in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of synbiotic and two levels of dried garlic powder on performance during 1-49 and ileum morphology and microbial population at 49d of age in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of 1) control diet without additives, 2) control diet plus 200 mg virginamycin/kg diet, 3) control diets containing 500 mg synbiotic/kg diet, 4, 5) control diet containing 0.2 and 0.4 percent garlic powder, respectively. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and used to calculate of the performance parameters. The results showed that at 21 to 49d and whole experiment period, birds fed antibiotic and 0.2 percent garlic powder had better daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The length and width of the villus in the birds fed 0.2% garlic powder was higher than the control group. The greatest and least number of lactobacillus and coliform was observed in synbiotic and antibiotic treatment, respectively.
Sara Saeedi; Omid Dayani; Amin Khezri; Reza Tahmasbi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of adding Fennel powder (Foeniculum vulgare) in starter diet on performance, immunity system and biometric parameters of Holstein calves, 30 Holstein calves (15 males and 15 females) with birth weight of 40±0.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of adding Fennel powder (Foeniculum vulgare) in starter diet on performance, immunity system and biometric parameters of Holstein calves, 30 Holstein calves (15 males and 15 females) with birth weight of 40±0.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were: 1. starter without Fennel powder (control), 2. starter containing 0.4% Fennel powder and 3) starter with 0.8% of the Fennel powder. Average dry matter intake of calves increased by adding Fennel powder (P<0.05). Average daily gain of calves was highest with 0.4% of the Fennel powder (P<0.05). The average of weaning age and milk intake were lower in calves fed with fennel powder than control group (P<0.05). Effect of experimental diets on average fecal consistency in the period before weaning, after weaning and the total period were significant (P<0.05) only for two weeks after weaning. Blood eosinophil of calves were affected by the experimental diets (P<0.05). Thus, adding 0.4% Fennel powder in starter diet improves performance of Holstein dairy calves and reduces weaning age and eosinophils.
Ali Nobakht; Behzad Hosseini Fard
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using rice bran, combo multi-enzyme and probiotic (protexin) in diet on performance, egg traits, biochemical parameters and blood cells of commercial laying hens. This experiment carried out using 384 Hi-line (W36) laying hens in a completely randomized ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using rice bran, combo multi-enzyme and probiotic (protexin) in diet on performance, egg traits, biochemical parameters and blood cells of commercial laying hens. This experiment carried out using 384 Hi-line (W36) laying hens in a completely randomized design as factorial (2×2×2) arrangement with two levels of rice bran (0 and 10%), two levels of combo multi-enzyme (0 and 0.05%) and two levels of protexin (0 and 0.005%) in 8 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 birds per replicate for 12 weeks (65-76 weeks). Using 10% rice bran in diets improved the egg weight, egg production percentage and egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg yolk color index and blood HDL of laying hens (P<0.05), whereas did not have any significant effects on the amounts of feed intake and immune cells (P>0.05). Combo multi-enzyme in diets did not have any significant effects on performance, egg quality traits and blood parameters of laying hens (P>0.05). Using protexin in laying hens diets without having any significant effects on egg quality traits and blood parameters (P>0.05), improved the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). In using rice bran with combo multi-enzyme and protexin, performance, egg traits and blood HDL improved (P<0.05), whereas did have any significant effects on the amounts of feed intake and immune cells (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in laying using 10% rice bran with 0.05% of combo multi-enzyme and 0.005% of probiotic can improve the performance, egg traits and blood HDL.
Mohamad Reza Gangeh; Mohammad Salarmoini
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using powder and hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum on growth performance, blood parameters, relative weight of internal organs, intestinal microflora, intestinal histomorphology and meat quality in broilers in comparison to Virginiamycin antibiotic. ...
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using powder and hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum on growth performance, blood parameters, relative weight of internal organs, intestinal microflora, intestinal histomorphology and meat quality in broilers in comparison to Virginiamycin antibiotic. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 birds in each replicates. Experimental treatments consisted of control diet (without any additives), antibiotic virginiamycin (100 mg/kg), Carum copticum powder (1, 2 and 3%) and Carum copticum extract (150, 250 and 350 mg/kg). Based on the results, in 1-42 d period, supplementing diets with virginiamycin, 1% powder and 350 mg/kg extract improved body weight gain and FCR. Blood parameters and the relative weight of carcass components (back, heart, liver, abdominal fat, gizzard, and pancreas) were not significantly affected by the treatments. Using 1% powder and different levels of the extract reduced the coliform bacteria population in the small intestine in compare to the control. Different levels of powder significantly increased villus height and crypt depth in compare to the control and virginiamycin treatments. Supplementing diets with 1 or 2% powder and different levels of theextract significantly reduced TBA. In conclusion, Carum copticum powder (1%) and extract (350 mg/kg) can be used as a good alternative to replace with growth promoters antibiotics.
Neda Farzanfar; Mehrdad Mohammadi; Mohammad Roostaie Ali-Mehr
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L of Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water on performance and immune response in broilers. Two hundred one- day- old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments with four replicates and 10 ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L of Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water on performance and immune response in broilers. Two hundred one- day- old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments with four replicates and 10 birds per cage in a completely randomized design. Daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. The birds were chalenged by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on days 8 and 22 of age and serum antibody levels produced in response to SRBC were measured on days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Skin response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injection was assessed intradermally on day 16. The Shirazi thyme aqueous extract had no effect on feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits. The consumption of 2 ml/L Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water increased total Anti-SRBC and IgM titers on day 21; 1 and 1.5 ml/L increased IgM titer on day 28; 0.5, 1.5 and 2 ml/L increased total Anti-SRBC and IgG titers on day 35 and 1.5 and 2 ml/L increased IgG titer on day 42 (P<0.05). Cell immunity in response to PHA-P injection was not affected by treatment groups. It can be concluded that Zataria multifora Boiss have no effects on performance and cell immunity but improve humoral immunity in broilers.
Arsalan Nabati; Seyed Davood Sharifi; Shokoufe Ghazanfari
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of creatine and protein in diets on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 320 day old Ross broiler chicks were used in a 2×4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments comprised two levels of protein ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of creatine and protein in diets on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 320 day old Ross broiler chicks were used in a 2×4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments comprised two levels of protein (Ross recommendation and 10% higher than recommendation) and four levels of creatine (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% of diet) in a completely randomized design with four replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. Performance characteristics were measured at the end of starter ( 0-10 d), grower (11-24 d) and finisher (25-42 d) periods. The concentration of MDA was measured in breast meat after induced oxidation by ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid. pH and WHC were measured in breast and tight meat at the end of period. The results showed that chicks fed on diets containing high level of protein had more feed intake and weight gain and showed better feed conversion ratio (P<0.05).Body weight gain and feed conversion improved by increasing in the amount of dietary creatine (P<0.05).Water holding capacity of the breast and thigh meat increased by increasing in dietary protein and creatine (P<0.05). Also different levels of protein and creatine monohydrate had no significant effect on the pH and MDA contents of breast and thigh meat after slaughtering. The results obtained in this experiment indicate that creatine supplementation of broiler diets containing recommended protein level by manuals or 10% higher than it, improve growth performance and meat quality.
Sousan Zolfaghari Moheb; Farshid Fatahnia; Daryoush Alipour
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effects of fennel by product (FBP) on productive performance of growing lamb and in vitro gas production parameters, using 20 Afshari×Chal male lambs (BW = 49 ± 0.24 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Experimental treatments ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effects of fennel by product (FBP) on productive performance of growing lamb and in vitro gas production parameters, using 20 Afshari×Chal male lambs (BW = 49 ± 0.24 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Experimental treatments consisted of diets including of 0, 3, 6 and 9% of FBP (dry matter basis). Dietary treatments had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI) (P>0.05). Daily weight gain was higher in lambs fed control and 6% FBP diets (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was higher in lambs with diet of 9% FBP compared to the others (P<0.05). Potential of gas production, fermentation rate, nutrient digestibility and partitioning factor were not affected by the experimental diets (P>0.05). The highest gas volume and microbial biomass were observed in the diet containing 6% of FBP and control diet after 24 h of incubation, respectively (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, addition of 6% of FBP to the diet improved feed conversion ratio and daily body weight gain of growing lambs although had no difference with control treatment.
Iman Haj Khodadi; Hosseinali Ghasemi; Mehdi Khodaee Motlagh; Amir Hossein Khalat Abadi Farahani; Mohammad Hossein Moradi
Abstract
The effects of a multi enzyme were evaluated on performance and nutrient digestibility in African domesticated ostrich at 14 months ages. There were three treatments as; common diet (1), common diet plus multi enzyme (0.350 gkg -1) (2) and common diet plus multi enzyme (0.700 gkg -1) (3). 18 ostrich ...
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The effects of a multi enzyme were evaluated on performance and nutrient digestibility in African domesticated ostrich at 14 months ages. There were three treatments as; common diet (1), common diet plus multi enzyme (0.350 gkg -1) (2) and common diet plus multi enzyme (0.700 gkg -1) (3). 18 ostrich were used in this experiment (6 birds per treatment). There was significant effect of enzyme supplementation on feed intake, dry matter intake parameters (P>0.05). Digestibility of Gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P>0.05) was significantly affected by enzyme supplementation. Treatment one showed the lowest organic matter digestibility than treatments 2 and 3. Enzyme in barley contained diet significantly increased the digestibility of Crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE) compared with treatment one. Different enzyme level also significantly increased the digestibility of NDF and ADF compared with treatment one. Generally, the use of multi enzyme especially at level of 0.700 gkg-1affected to improve performance traits and feed intake parameters, nutrient digestibility, especially crude protein, NDF, ADF and NFC in growing ostrich chicks.
Masoud Barzegar; Hosein MORAVEJ; Mahmoud SHIVAZAD
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels ...
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The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels of supplementary VP (0, 33.33, 66.66 and 100%) each at a different weeks of finisherperiod. The diets were formulated as based on wheat and soybean meal, with the experimentconducted on floor pens of 10 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. Thedietary treatments consisted of: T1 no VP supplement during 22 to 42 days of age; Treatments 2, 3and 4 containing 33.33% VP,. Treatments 5, 6 and 7 with 66.66% of VP supplement and finallytreatments 8, 9 and 10 containing 100% of VPsupplement. The treatmeants were so arranged that T 2,5 and 8 received only from 22 to 28; treatments 3, 6 and 9 only from 22 to 35, and treatments 4, 7 and10 only from 22 to 42 days of age. The results finally indicated that VP reduction and withdrawal at 22days of age did not impair the birds, performance during their last three weeks of rearing period (22 to42 days). Decrease in the level of VP did not significantly affect the carcass characteristics (carcassyield, percentages of breast, thigh, liver, heart as wellas abdominal fat).
Iman CHAKSARI; Mojtaba ZAGHARI; Saeed KHALAJI
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1α-OH-D3 either with or withoutCholecalciferol, microbial phytase as well as different levels of dietary calcium, and phosphorus onbroiler chickens, performance. A number of 576 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were made use of ina completely ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1α-OH-D3 either with or withoutCholecalciferol, microbial phytase as well as different levels of dietary calcium, and phosphorus onbroiler chickens, performance. A number of 576 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were made use of ina completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement (3×2×2×3), comprised of 36 treatments, 4replicates of 4 chicks in each battery cage. Factors included three levels of 1α-OH-D3 (0, 5 and 10μg/kg), two levels of Cholecalciferol (0 and 5000 ICU/kg), two levels of microbial phytase (0 and 500FTU/kg), as well as three levels of Ca and phosphorus (100, 75 and 50% of Ross broiler nutritionrecommendation values). Dietary treatments were implemented within an age interval of from 1 to 42days. Supplementation of diets of 5 and 10 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3 reduced body weight and feed intake at7, 35 and 42d (P<0.01; P<0.05). Supplementation of 500 FTU/kg of Phytase enzyme in the dietincreased body weight at 7 and 14 days (P<0.05). Interaction between 1α-OH-D3 and phytase on feedconversion ratio was significant (P<0.01), in a way that addition of 500 FTU/kg of Phytase to dietcontaining 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3 improved feed conversion ratio at 28d (P≤0.01). 1α-OH-D3supplementation increased tibia breaking force, linearly (P<0.01). Results indicated that addition of1α-OH-D3 to broiler chickens, diets alleviates the risk of tibial dyschondroplasia incidence. Yet, theappropriate recommended dosage needs to be further investigated.
Heydar Zarghi; Abolghasem Golian; Hassan Kermanshahi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects using of different levels of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on productive performance and egg quality indicators, in laying hens. The levels of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract in this experiment were 0, 500, 1000 and ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects using of different levels of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on productive performance and egg quality indicators, in laying hens. The levels of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract in this experiment were 0, 500, 1000 and 1500ppm. This experiment was conducted in a Blok Completely Randomized Design with 160 “hy-line-W36” laying hens in 4 treatments and 4 replicate (with 10 hens in each replicate) from 29 until 38 weeks of age. The results showed that the using of different levels of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract had significantly effects on some parameters of performance and egg traits in laying hens (p<0.05). Hence, the highest rate of egg production and egg mass (g/b/d) and the lowest feed conversion ratio were belong to birds fed diets containing 1000ppm rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract. Also the albumen quality (HU) of eggs maintained for 21 days at 4 ° C in the resulting eggs from the birds that fed with diets containing rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract was higher than birds fed the control diet. The overall results showed that the additions of rosemary hydro-alcoholic extract in the diet of laying hens lead to improving performance and maintaining egg quality during storage.
Behnam Abbaspour; Seyed Davoud Sharifi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects seaweeds Gracilariopsis persica in diets on performance and TSH, T3 and T4 hormones in serum of laying quail. A total of 112 laying quails were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments (diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% seaweed) with 4 replicates ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects seaweeds Gracilariopsis persica in diets on performance and TSH, T3 and T4 hormones in serum of laying quail. A total of 112 laying quails were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments (diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% seaweed) with 4 replicates of 7 birds each. The birds were fed on experimental diets for 12 weeks. Eggs were collected daily and weighed. Then egg yield (based on hen day), egg mass, feed conversion ratio and the percent of abnormal eggs were calculated during the 7-10, 11-14, 15-18 and 7-18 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples were taken from two birds per each replicate and analyzed for T3, T4, TSH hormones. There were no significant differences in egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg mass and percentage of abnormal eggs between treatments. However, the highest egg production was belonged to birds fed 3% of seaweed in diets and had significant difference with birds fed on diets containing 5% seaweed (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in T3, T4, TSH of serum between treatments. As conclusion, Gracilariopsis persica can be include up to 3% in laying quail diets.
Ayoub Azizi Shotorkhoft; Hassan Fazaeli; Nader Papi; Javad Rezaee
Abstract
This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatments, using of 36 Moghani male lambs. Four diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21 percent (dry matter basis) of processed broiler litter (PBL) were used. Results showed that voluntary feed intake, ...
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This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatments, using of 36 Moghani male lambs. Four diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21 percent (dry matter basis) of processed broiler litter (PBL) were used. Results showed that voluntary feed intake, average daily gain and total body weight gain were not influenced (P>0.05) by the experimental diets. Digestibility of DM and NDF decreased linearly (P<0.05) while no differences (P>0.05) were detected in OM and CP digestibility by inclusion of PBL in the diets. The Ruminal acetate concentration decreased but ammonia increased linearly (P<0.05) as the rate of PBL enhanced in the diet, however no differences (P>0.05) were obtained for the other metabolites between the animals received different diets. Blood urea-nitrogen increased linearly (P<0.05) by increasing of PBL in the diet, but other blood metabolites were not influenced (P>0.05) by the experimental rations. Results of current study indicated that feeding PBL in the diet of Moghani lambs up to 21percent, did not affect the nutrients intake and growth performance but decreased digestibility of DM and NDF and ruminal acetate concentration. In Addition, feed cost per unit of live weight gain was decreased (P<0.05) by inclusion of PBL in the ration. It is concluded that processed broiler litter could be used up to 21 percent of the diet for fattening lambs.
Mahdi Ganjkhanlou
Abstract
A number of 36 Holstein young bulls (initial BW of 345±61 kg) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, following a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Three concentrate levels of fish oil (0, 1.5 and 3 % of DM) and 2 levels of alfalfa hay versus corn silage (10 and 20 % of alfalfa hay ...
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A number of 36 Holstein young bulls (initial BW of 345±61 kg) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, following a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Three concentrate levels of fish oil (0, 1.5 and 3 % of DM) and 2 levels of alfalfa hay versus corn silage (10 and 20 % of alfalfa hay forage versus 20 and 10 % of corn silage) were used to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation and the ratio of alfalfa hay to corn silage in the diet on animal performance. Bulls were fed TMR consisting of 30% forage and 70% concentrate mix on a DM basis. Average Daily Gain (ADG) was monthly assessed and dry mater intake evaluated every day prior to morning meals. The calves were slaughtered at the end of the experimental period (90 days) and the carcass characteristics recorded. Data were analysed through MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software. There were no significant differences observed for performances, namely dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed intake as well as carcass traits as affected by interaction of fish oil and alfalfa hay level. The highest level of fish oil treatment negatively affected DMI (P < 0.01)
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of Nanocid as growth promoter in comparison antibiotics and with organic acids on performance and intestinal morphometric characteristics of broiler chickens, 240 male broiler chicks of one dayage (Ross 308) were utilized in an experiment of a completely randomized design of ...
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To evaluate the efficiency of Nanocid as growth promoter in comparison antibiotics and with organic acids on performance and intestinal morphometric characteristics of broiler chickens, 240 male broiler chicks of one dayage (Ross 308) were utilized in an experiment of a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental treatments included: 1) control (no additives), 2) antibiotic Virginiamycin (15 ppm), 3) organic acid (0.2% Formaycin), and 4) Nanocid (50 ppm). The antibiotic growth promoter group benefited from the highest final average weight (P
Kazem Yussefi Kelarikikolaee; Hossein Moravej; Seyyed Abdollah Hosseini; Abbas Pakdel
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of amino acid and feeding methods on performance and immune system of broiler chickens. Experimental design was based on completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with 3 feeding methods [control (ad libitum feed ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of amino acid and feeding methods on performance and immune system of broiler chickens. Experimental design was based on completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with 3 feeding methods [control (ad libitum feed intake), intermittent feeding (IF) and continuous feed withdrawal (FW)), and 2 amino acid levels (level recommended by Arian and 8 % more). Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 23 male broilers per replicate. The CFW method was associated with a decreased mortality rate (P<0.05). The IF and FW methods improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). In CFW and IF feeding programs, the relative weight of spleen was increased (P<0.05). At higher amino acid level, the percentage of circulatory lymphocyte was decreased and that of heterophil and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, it seems that the FW feeding regimen with Arian recommended amino acid level might have a positive effect on the cellular but not the humeral immune system with no adverse effect on growth performance.
