نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی ُ دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ُ دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران
2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران
3 گروه علوم دامی ، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In this study, 21 Holstein lactating cows with average 105/7± 34.5 days in milk used to evaluate partial replacing of starch with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on milk yield and composition, blood and rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility. Cows were used in a completely randomized design with three diets included: 1. Diets supplemented with calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (1/9% of diet DM).2. Diet supplemented with saturated fatty acids mainly palmitic acid (1/9% of diet DM). 3. Carbohydrate diet (no fat supplementation). The study period was 45 days, 10 days for adaptation and 35 days for data collection. During this 35-day milk production and feed intake were recorded daily. Milk and feed samples were taken weekly. At the end of the study period blood samples, rumen fluid and feces were collected. The results showed that milk fat percentage and feed efficiency increased use of supplements and treatments had significant effects. The blood urea nitrogen was increased in unsaturated fat supplements in compare to carbohydrate group but in saturated fat supplement was increased (p <0/05). Milk fatty acid profile showed that the amount of linoleic acid and linoleic acid significantly increased in unsaturated fat supplement group and palmitic acid significantly increased in saturated fat supplement group (p <0/05). Overall, supplementing calcium salts of unsaturated essential fatty acids can support same milk production and composition but improve milk fatty acids profile to improve the health of the consumer.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Fat supplements have a great role in livestock diets today. Fats as energetic compounds can increase energy in diets. Also, today, special attention is paid to the consumption of fat in livestock and their products, so that scientists not only do not prohibit other people from consuming fat sources, but also strongly recommend the consumption of certain types of fat to prevent certain diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancers and osteoporosis. With the increase in production capacity in dairy and fattening animals, as well as paying attention to the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the types of fat they produce, the feeding of different forms of fat has attracted the attention of animal nutrition researchers, and with the positive results, practical aspects have also been applied in breeding farms.
Materials and methods
This experiment was carried out in the educational-research station of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. 21 Holstein lactating cows with average 105/7± 34.5 days in milk used to evaluate partial replacing of starch with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on milk yield and composition, blood and rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility. Cows were used in a completely randomized design with three diets included: 1. Diets supplemented with calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (1/9% of diet DM).2. Diet supplemented with saturated fatty acids mainly palmitic acid (1/9% of diet DM). 3. Carbohydrate diet (no fat supplementation). The study period was 45 days, 10 days for adaptation and 35 days for data collection.
Results and discussion
The results of this experiment showed that the use of both types of fat supplements (SFA and PUFA) caused a significant increase in milk fat percentage, ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen liquid, and feed consumption efficiency of cows. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen was also increased as well palmitic acid in the milk of cows that were fed with the supplement of saturated palmitic fatty acids. The addition of the calcium salt supplement of unsaturated fatty acids significantly increased the digestibility of the ether extract, and also the use of this type of supplement in the feeding of lactating cows showed an increase in the amount of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and PUFA in milk fat. Therefore, this improves the fatty acid profile of cow's milk in human nutrition too.
Author Contributions
In present research authors contributions were Mehdi Dehghan banadaky; Conceptualization, validation, funding acquisition, editing, supervision, methodology and project administration. Farhang Fatehi; Software and formal analysis. Bakhtiyar Babaei; review, resources, data curation, writing original and draft preparation.
All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the head of faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran also the manager of Research station, department of animal science. Author thanks Kimiya Danesh Alvand company for financial support of present research.
Ethical considerations
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tehran (Ethical code: IR.7108004/6/41). The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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