مطالعه اثرات برون‌تنی عصاره‌های آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس بر ترونت‌های ایکتیوفتیریوس مولتی فیلییس جدا شده از ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه پاتوبیولوژی، بخش انگل شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه،ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات آرتمیای کشور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

ایکتیوفتیریوس‌ مولتی‌فیلییس انگل ماهیان آب شیرین در سیستم‌های یرورشی سردآبی با پراکندگی جهانی است. هدف از این تحقیق، مطالعه اثر عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس بر ترونت  ایکتیوفتیریوس‌ مولتی‌فیلییس بود. عصاره‌های آبی الکلی گیاهان آویشن باغی (غلظت پایه 05/0 میلی‌گرم در میکرولیتر) و اسطوخودوس (غلظت پایه 05/0 میلی‌گرم در میکرولیتر) با استفاده از متانول و دستگاه سوکسله تهیه و ترکیبات شان آنالیز کروماتوگرافی گازی-‌ طیف سنجی جرمی گردید. از عصاره‌ها غلظت‌های 40، 20، 10، 5، 5/2 و 25/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر با 3 تکرار برای هر غلظت تهیه شد. مدت زمان کشندگی عصاره‌ها بر حسب ثانیه در دمای23 درجه سانتی‌گراد در مدت 4 ساعت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در آنالیز کروماتوگرافی گازی-‌ طیف سنجی جرمی, عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس به ترتیب 36 (جزء اصلی تیمول، 75/25%) و 23 (جزء اصلی کومارین،04/17%) ترکیب شناسایی شدند. اثر کشندگی عصاره‌های آبی الکلی آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس رابطه مستقیمی با غلظت‌ آن‌ها داشت. بیشترین اثر عصاره‌ها، در غلظت 40 میلی‌گرم در لیتر عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی (71/1 ± 77/82) و اسطوخودوس (79/1 ± 77/62) ثبت شد. تعداد ترونت‌ها با افزایش غلظت و زمان مواجهه در غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس ‌کاهش یافت. میزان اثر کشندگی عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی در مقایسه با عصاره آبی الکلی اسطوخودوس بیشتر بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که غلظت های مختلف عصاره آبی الکلی آویشن باغی و اسطوخودوس ترونت‌های ایکتیوفتیریوس‌ مولتی‌فیلییس را در شرایط آزمایشگاهی غیرفعال نمودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on effects of plants extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalil Rahmati TaghjehHassan 1
  • Mohammad Yakhchali 1
  • Ali Nekoueifard 2
1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 National Artemia Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization,Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated parasite of freshwater fish with global distribution, which causes economically important infection in cold-water fish. The aim of this research was to conduct an experimental study on the effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) plants on theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ingredients of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (0.05 mg/µl) and lavender (0.05 mg/µl) were prepared using methanol and Soxhlet apparatus. In this study, concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/L were prepared from hydro-alcoholic of thyme and lavender with three replicates for each concentration. The duration of fatality of the extracts was evaluated at 23°C for 4 hours. GC-MS analyses elucidated that there were 36 (25.75%thymol) and 23 (17.04% lavender) components of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender, respectively. Fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender had significant association with different concentrations. The highest effect of the extracts was at 40 mg/L of hydro-alcoholic extract of thyme (82.77 ± 1.71) and lavender (62.77 ± 1.79). The numbers of theronts were decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time in different concentrations of aqueous alcoholic hydro-alcoholic extracts of T.‌ vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of T.‌ vulgaris was higher than L. angustifolia. This study uncovered that different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of garden thyme and lavender destroyed I. multifiliis theronts under laboratory conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Thymus vulgaris
  • Lavandula angustifolia
  • Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
  • Theront
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated parasite of cold-water fish with global distribution. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry and ornamental fish. The use of chemical compounds in commercial aquaculture faces some concerns, e.i anti-parasitic resistance, low efficacy, tissue drug residue, environmental pollution and economic losses. Studies on uses of compounds and extracts of herbal drugs in treatment of some internal and external fish parasites infections assigned special ranking due to their high efficiency and low environmental pollution. The aim of the present study was to conduct an experimental study on the effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) plants on the infective stage of theront of I. multifiliis isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran.

 

Materials and Methods

   Ingredients of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (0.05 mg/µl) and lavender (0.05 mg/µl) were prepared using methanol and Soxhlet apparatus. In this study, concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/L were prepared from hydro-alcoholic of thyme and lavender plants with three replicates for each concentration. Throphonts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were isolated from rainbow trout and kept at 23°C overnight to release the theronts. Then, the duration of fatality of the extracts on the theronts was evaluated in seconds at 23°C for 4 hours.

 

Results

    GC-MS analyses elucidated that there were 36 (25.75%thymol) and 23 (17.04% lavender) components of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender, respectively. Fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender had significant association with different concentrations. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts in the hydro-alcoholic treatment groups of garden thyme and lavender gradually lost the ability to swim and became spherical and rotated in the same place until death. The highest effect of the extracts was at 40 mg/L of hydro-alcoholic extract of thyme (82.77 ± 1.71) and lavender (62.77 ± 1.79). The number of theronts were decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time in different concentrations of aqueous alcoholic hydro-alcoholic extracts of T.‌vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of T.‌vulgaris was higher than L. angustifolia.

 

Conclusions

    This study uncovered that different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of garden thyme and lavender destroyed I. multifiliis theronts under laboratory conditions. According to obtained data, these extracts may be helpful as an alternative pathway to apply instead of chemical compounds against I. multifiliis due to their appropriate effects and not leaving any medicinal residue in the body of fish and the environment.

مراجع

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رحمتی هولاسو، ه.، جوادی موسوی , م.س.، ابراهیم زاده، ح. میرقاید، ط. 1400. اثر عصاره اتانولی آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora) روی مرحله تومونت و ترونت ایکتیوفتیریوس مولتی فیلیس در ماهی زبرا (Danio rerio). مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی.‎ 76 (2) صفحات 214-205.
 
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علوم دامی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 461-475

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 دی 1402

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