نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 گروه علوم دامی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.
4 گروه علوم دامی مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary metabolizable energy levels (EL) and stocking density (SD) on growth performance, blood indices, jejunal morphology and meat quality in Arian broiler chickens. A total of 672 Arian one-day-old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 2×4 factorial arrangement, including two stocking density (12, 16 birds/m2) and four energy levels (EL1: Arian recommendation energy level, EL2: 3.5% higher energy level for finisher2, EL3: 3.5% higher energy level for all periods, EL4: 3.5% higher starter, grower and finisher1 and 6.1% higher energy level for finisher2) with eight treatments and six replicates. The results showed that recommendation Arian catalogue energy level with 16 birds/m2 decreased body weight gain in the finisher2 (42-36 days) and the whole period (1-42 days) and had highest feed conversion ratio in the finisher2 (P<0.001). Increased energy level (EL3) significantly decreased feed intake in finisher2 period. The carcass efficiency, breast relative weight and abdominal fat as increased as energy levels enhanced. In HSD, EL2 compared to EL3 increased relative weigh of heart. Also, EL3 increased low-density lipoprotein and alanine transaminase concentration in HSD. Concentration of albumin, total protein and high-density lipoprotein were decreased by stock density, on the contrary, Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased (P<0.05). The lowest height of villi was related to EL1 in HSD, and the highest villi height was observed in EL4 and low stock density. High energy level increased the villus width, the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth (VH/CD) and the absorption area (P<0.05). HSD significantly reduced villus height and width, VH/CD and absorption area of villus (P<0.05). The interaction of energy level and SD did not affect any of the meat quality indicators. Furthermore, the findings of the present study showed there is no significant difference between 12 and 16 birds/m2 during the whole of period. The HSD decreased the growth performance and had a negative effect on the feed conversion ratio, whereas improved the performance of Arian broiler chickens when increased the energy level by 3.5% in the finisher 2.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
During a rearing period, choosing the appropriate density per unit area is an important to achieve the maximum possible profit. However if the chicken density increases too much, it will cause stress in and have a negative effects on the growth of birds. In the stress condition, the maintain requirement of the bird is increase. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of increasing the energy level of Arian broiler chickens in high stock (HSD) density on growth performance, blood indices, intestinal morphology and meat quality.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of Arian broiler chickens to different energy level in high stock density, an experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized with 2×4 factorial arrangement, including two stock density (12, 16 birds/m2) and four energy levels (EL1: Control (Arian recommendation: 2870-2950-3025-3025 kcal/kg for starter, grower, finisher1 and finisher2), EL2: 3.5% higher energy level for finisher2 (2870-2950-3025-3125 kcal/kg for starter, grower, finisher1 and finisher2), EL3: 3.5% higher for all periods (2970-3050-3125-3125 kcal/kg for starter, grower, finisher1 and finisher2), EL4: 3.5% higher starter, grower and finisher1 and 6.1% higher in finisher2 (2970-3050-3125-3200 kcal/kg for starter, grower, finisher1 and finisher2) with eight treatments and six replicates. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were measured and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At day 42, two broiler chicken was randomly selected, and after blood sampling slaughtered for carcass traits and meat quality. The left thigh was removed and used for meat quality test including water holding capacity, pH and Malondialdehyde concentration. To study the histomorphology of the intestine, approximately 4 cm long segment were separated from before Meckel’s diverticulum. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model (GLM) in the Minitab statistical software (Minitab 16). Analysis of variance was performed using a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05.
Results
The results showed that the interaction of EL and SD on FI was not significant in any period (P>0.05). Using the EL1 in HSD, had the highest FCR in the finisher2 (P<0.001), and also had the lowest amount of BWG in the finisher2 (36-42 days) and the whole period of rearing (P<0.05) . The main effects showed that HSD significantly decreased feed consumption in the whole period (P<0.05) and increase in energy level (EL3 compared to EL1) decreased FI in the finisher2 (P<0.05). Compared to EL1, EL2 significantly increase carcass efficiency and relative weight of breast, liver, and spleen (P<0.05). HSD decreased the relative weight of Bursa Fabricius compared to low density (P<0.05). The lowest relative weight of the heart was observed for EL1 and HSD, and the highest relative weight was related to EL2 and HSD. Increasing the density (16 birds compared to 12 birds per square meter) decreased the concentration of Alb and total TP. The interaction effect of EL and SD on the TP concentration was significant (P>0.05) and EL2 had the highest total protein concentration in blood serum under low stock density. In HSD, EL2 compared to EL3 decreased blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. The effect of different EL2 significantly increased Chol, TG and HDL concentrations. SD had no significant effect on Chol and TG (P>0.05), but it caused a decrease in HDL. The interaction effect of energy levels and population density shows that EL3 significantly increased LDL compared to EL2 at HSD (P<0.05). The use of EL2 diet increased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme (P<0.05). Also, EL2 and 16 birds/m2 increased the activity of ALT enzyme (P<0.05). The interaction effect of EL and SD had no significant effect on the antioxidant index (P>0.05). But main effect showed increasing EL, significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity (P<0.05). Also, High stock density increased SOD and GPX enzyme activity (P<0.05). The lowest height of villi was related to EL1 in HSD, and the highest villi height was observed in EL4 and low stock density. Hight energy level increased the villus width, the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth (VH/CD) and the absorption area (P<0.05). HSD significantly reduced villus height and width, VH/CD and absorption area of villus (P<0.05). The interaction of EL and SD did not affect none of the meat quality indicators. The main effects of energy level show that EL2 increased WHC compared to EL4 MDA concentration of meat increased in HSD (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Therefore, the results of this research showed that the recommended ration of Arian catalog and the use of 16 birds/m2 compared to 12 birds, caused a decrease in body weight in the finisher2 (36-42 days) and the entire period and increased the feed conversion ratio in the finisher2 in Arian broiler chickens. Increasing energy in other treatments prevented the decreasing trend of body weight gain. The increase in energy in the finisher2 and the increase in density in the whole period decreased feed intake. In the entire breeding period, the density of 12 and 16 bird/m2 did not have a significant difference, and it can be suggested to breeders to use a density of 16 birds in order to obtain more profit.
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کاظمی، ماهان و ایلا، نیما (1400). تعیین سطح بهینه انرژی قابل متابولیسم جیره‌های غذایی جوجههای گوشتی راس 308. دانش و پژوهش علوم دامی، 1400(1)، 45-57.
کریمی، مصیب؛ اسماعیلیپور، امیدعلی، مظهری، مژگان و دوماری، حسین (1401). تأثیر آویشن خشک شده بر عملکرد، متابولیت‌های خون و کیفیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی در تراکم بالای پرورش. پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران. doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2022.78413.1097.
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