تاثیر کنجاله سویای عمل‌آوری شده با اسید سیتریک بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و جمعیت میکروبی در جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف پروتئین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با اسید سیتریک بر عملکرد رشد، ریخت­شناسی روده، جمعیت میکروبی روده ، فعالیت آنزیم­های هضمی و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی  در جوجه­های گوشتی تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف پروتئین انجام شد. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 با 6 گروه آزمایشی و 5 تکرار در یک دوره 42 روزه استفاده شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 3 ×2 شامل دو نوع کنجاله سویای خام و فرآوری شده با اسید سیتریک 50/0 درصد و سه سطح احتیاجات پروتئین 100، 95 و 90 درصد بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی در مقایسه با کنجاله سویای خام شد (P <0.05). کاهش سطح پروتئین جیره تا 90 درصد احتیاجات، سبب کاهش عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی در مقایسه با سطوح 95 و 100 درصد احتیاجات شد (P <0.05). طول پرزهای روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده بیشتر از کنجاله سویای خام بود (P <0.05). کاهش سطح پروتئین جیره سبب کاهش معنی‌دار طول پرز، نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت و مساحت پرز در جوجه‌های گوشتی شد (P <0.05). فرآوری اسیدی کنجاله سویا سبب بهبود قابلیت هضم پروتئین و فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی پروتئاز و آمیلاز شد (P <0.05). همچنین با کاهش سطح نیاز پروتئینی جیره (90 درصد احتیاجات) قابلیت هضم پروتئین و فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی پروتئاز و آمیلاز کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (P <0.05). بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق استفاده از کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با اسید سیتریک در مقایسه با کنجاله سویای خام سبب افزایش عملکرد رشد، جوجه‌های گوشتی شد. کاهش سطح پروتئین تا 95 درصد احتیاجات در جیره‌های حاوی کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با اسید سیتریک 50/0 درصد تاثیر منفی بر عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of soybean meal processed with citric acid, on the performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial population in broiler chicks fed diets with different levels of protein

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masomeh Norozi 1
  • Mansour Rezaei 2
  • Mohammad Kazemi fard 1
1 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acid hydrolyzed processing on the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) and its influence on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial population, digestive enzymes activity, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with diets containing different levels of crude protein. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens were used in a design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates per each during 1 to 42 days of age. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments including two types of SBM (raw and treated with 0.50% citric acid) and three inclusion rates of crude protein (90, 95 and 100 % of  requirements). The results showed that acid-treated SBM improved feed conversion ratio in broilers compared to raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). The decrease of protein requirements up to 90% declined growth performance of broilers compared to 95 and 100 % of requirements (P < 0.05). The villus length was greater in broiler chickens fed with acid-treated SBM compared with raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, reduction of protein requirements decreased the villus length, the ration of villus length to crypt depth and villus surface in broilers (P < 0.05). Acid processing of SBM increased digestibility coefficient of crude protein and protease and amylase activity in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). In addition, a decrease in protein digestibility and enzyme activity was observed in broilers fed low protein (90 % of the requirements) diet (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that acid processing of SBM improved its nutritional quality. Also, use of acid-treated SBM increased growth performance, intestinal morphometric indices, digestive enzymes activity and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens. In addition, reducing of crude protein requirements up to 95% in diets containing citric acid-treated SBM had not negative impact on growth performance in broiler chickens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acid processing
  • bird
  • diet
  • enzyme activity
  • intestinal morphology

Extended abstract

Introduction

    Soy bean meal (SBM) is the most widely used source of protein in the livestock and poultry diets due to its suitable amino acid profile and high protein quality. The well balanced amino acids pattern and high digestibility of protein makes SBM a valuable protein source in diets for broiler chickens. On the other hand, the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) such as trypsin inhibitors (TI), lectins, and allergenic proteins including glycinin and conglycinin in SBM reduce nutrient utilization and thus growth performance of broiler chickens. Today, acidic processing is used to degradation and hydrolysis of biological polymers such as starch, proteins or cellulosic compounds in the food industry. Less information was found on the pretreatment of SBM by citric acids solution and efficacy of this strategy on the nutritional value of SBM. Therefore, it was hypothesized that acid processing in combination with use of low protein diets may have beneficial effects on broiler chickens performance.

 

Objective

    There is not sufficient information on nutritional value of SBM processed with citric acids. Therefore, it was hypothesized that acid processing in combination with reducing of dietary crude protein may have beneficial effects on broiler chickens performance.

 

Materials and methods

    In order to obtain acid hydrolyzed SBM, citric acid including 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% was used according to the previous procedure with some modifications. Three hundred of one-day-old male broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were provided from a commercial hatchery (Sari, Iran) and then randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. A 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments including two types of raw or acidic treated SBM and three levels of dietary crude protein (90, 95 and 100 % of requirements) was used. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial population and ileal nutrient digestibility were recorded.  Data was analyzed by SAS software.

 

Results

   The results showed that acid-treated SBM improved feed conversion ratio and villus length in broilers compared with raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). The decrease of protein requirements up to 90% declined growth performance of broilers compared to 95 and 100 % of requirements (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, reducing of protein requirements decreased the villus length, villus length to crypt depth and villus surface area in broilers (P < 0.05). Acid processing of SBM increased digestibility coefficient of crude protein and protease and amylase activity in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). In addition, a decrease in protein digestibility and enzyme activity was observed in broilers fed low protein diet (90 % of the requirements) (P < 0.05).

 

Conclusion

    According to the results of the present experiment, acid-hydrolyzed SBM had a beneficial impact on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. In addition, reduction of crude protein requirements up to 95% in diets containing citric acid-treated SBM had not negative impact on growth performance in broiler chickens.

 

 

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علوم دامی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 2
تیر 1403
صفحه 193-210

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 شهریور 1401

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