بررسی بروز آبسۀ کبدی در گاوهای شیرده و خشک هلشتاین و تأثیر آن بر برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی و بافت‌شناسی یاخته‌های کبد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 استاد میکروبیولوژی، گروه پزشکی تشخیصی / پاتوبیولوژی، دانشگاه ایالتی کانزاس، منهتن، KS، ایالات‌متحده

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی بروز آبسۀ کبدی در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین و تأثیر آن بر برخی فراسنجه­های خونی و بافت‌شناسی یاخته‌های کبدی بود. کبد 577 رأس گاو شیرده و خشک در زمان کشتار در دو کشتارگاه در ایران برای تشخیص آبسۀ کبدی بررسی شدند. خون‌گیری از گاوها در زمان نزدیک به کشتار انجام شد. 60  رأس گاو سالم یعنی به شمار گاوهای دارای آبسۀ کبدی، (که هیچ نوع مشکل از لحاظ کالبدگشایی و بازبینی امعاءواحشاء نداشتند) برابر با گله و شمار زایش به‌عنوان گروه شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. بی‌درنگ پس از کشتار، کبد گاوها به چهار گروه کبد بدون آبسه امتیاز 0، کبد با یک یا دو آبسۀ کوچک یا آسیب بافتی امتیاز A-، کبد با یک یا دو آبسه به‌خوبی تشکیل‌شده امتیاز A و کبد با یک یا چند آبسۀ باز بزرگ، با یا بدون چسبندگی امتیاز A+  طبقه‌بندی شدند. بررسی کشتارگاهی نشان داد، 4/10 (60 رأس) درصد از گاوها آبسۀ کبدی داشتند (25، 7/31 و 3/43 درصد به ترتیب برایA-، A و A+). داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از بررسی‌های بافت‌شناختی نشان داد، کبدهای آبسه دار در مقایسه با کبد گاوهای سالم، یاخته‌های هپاتوسیت نزدیک به سینوزوئیدها تغییر شکل یافته و بافت مرده (نکروزه)‌شده داشتند و شمار یاخته‌های کاپفر در کبدهای درگیر آبسه افزایش‌یافته بودند. غلظت آنزیم‌های کبدی آسپارتات آمینوترنسفراز (AST)، آلانین آمینوترنسفراز (ALT) و گاما گلوتامیل ترانسفراز (GGT) در سرم خون گاوهای دارای آبسۀ کبدی با امتیاز (اسکور)های A-، A و A+  در مقایسه با گاوهای سالم بالاتر بودند (01/0P≤)؛ درحالی‌که غلظت آنزیم کراتین­کیناز (CK) در گاوهای درگیر آبسۀ کمتر از گروه سالم بود (01/0P≤). گاوهای دارای آبسۀ کبدی با اسکورهای A-، A و A+ غلظت‌های پایین­تری از آلبومین و کلسترول سرم در مقایسه با گاوهای سالم داشتند (01/0P≤). نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، غلظت بالاتر آنزیم‌های کبدی و غلظت پایین آلبومین و کلسترول سرم خون در گاوهای مبتلا به آبسۀ کبدی ممکن است درنتیجۀ تخریب یاخته‌های کبدی و التهاب باشد. درمجموع نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که، برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی می‌توانند به‌عنوان شاخصی برای بررسی وضعیت آبسۀ کبدی استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the occurrence of liver abscesses in lactating and dry Holstein cows and its effect on some blood parameters and histology of hepatocytes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrzad Joz-Ghasemi 1
  • Hamid Amanlou 2
  • Mehdi Dehghan Banadaki 3
  • T.G. Nagaraja 4
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Professor, University Distinguished Professor of Microbiology Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of liver abscess in lactating and dry Holstein cows and its effect on some blood parameters and histology of hepatocytes. The liver of 577 lactating and dry Holstein cows at the time of slaughter were examined in two abattoirs in Iran. Cow’s blood samples were collected from at the time of slaughter. Sixty healthy cows, i.e., the same number of cows with liver abscesses (which had no problem in terms of autopsy and splanchnic checking), were considered as control group according to herd and number of gestation. The livers of the cows were divided into 4 groups immediately after slaughter, liver without abscess score 0, liver with one or two small abscesses or scars; score A+, liver with two to four well-organized abscesses; score A, and liver with one or more large open abscesses, with or without adhesions; score A+.  The slaughterhouse survey showed that, 10.4% (60 cows) had liver abscesses (25, 31.7 and 43.3 % for A-, A and A+). Histological results showed that in livers with abscesses, natural form of hepatocytes close to sinusoids had changed and parts of the affected tissue showed necrosis and the numbers of Kupffer cells were increased in compare to healthy livers. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the blood serum of cattle with liver abscesses with A, A and A + scores were higher than that of healthy cows (P≤0.01), while the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the cows affected by the abscess was lower than the healthy group (P≤0.01). Cows with liver abscesses with scores A-, A and A+ had lower concentrations of albumin and serum cholesterol than healthy cows (P≤0.01). The results of this study showed that the higher concentrations of liver enzymes and low blood concentrations of albumin and cholestrol in cows with liver abscesses may be due to the destruction of liver cells and inflammation. In conclusion, some blood parameters can be used as an indicator for assessing the status of liver abscess.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Histological studies
  • lactating cows
  • liver abscesses
  • liver enzymes
  1. Abdelaal, A., Shaimaa, M., Gouda M. & Tharwat, M. (2014). Clinico-biochemical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings of hepatic abscess in feedlot cattle and buffaloes. Veterinary World, 7(5), 306-310.
  2. Beauchemin, K. A., Yang, W. Z. & Rode, L.M. (2003). Effects of particle size of alfalfa based dairy cow diets on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 630-643.
  3. Bergmeyer, H. U. N., Horder, M. & Rej, R. (1986a). International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) scientific committee analytical section: Approved recommendation on IFCC method for measurement of catalytic concentration of enzyme, part 2: IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 24, 497-510.
  4. Bergmeyer, H. U. N., Horder, M. & Rej, R. (1986b). International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) scientific committee analytical section: Approved recommendation on IFCC method for measurement of catalytic concentration of enzyme, part 3: IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 24, 481-495.
  5. Bergmeyer, H. U. (1974). Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, Weinheim;Verlag Chemic, p.757.
  6. Brown, H., Bing, R. F., Grueter, H. P., McAskill, J. W., Cooley, C. O. & Rathmacher, R. P. (1975). Tylosin and chlortetracycline for the prevention of liver abscesses, improved weight gains and feed efficiency in feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 40, 207-213.
  7. Brown, T. R. & Lawrence, T. E. (2010). Association of liver abnormalities with carcass grading performance and value. Journal of Animal Science, 88, 4037-4043.
  8. Dias, A. L. G., Freitas, J. A., Micai, B., Azevedo, R. A., Greco, L. F. & Santo, J. E. P. (2017). Effects of supplementing yeast culture to diets differing in starch content on performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Nov 2. pii: S0022-0302(17)30975-X.
  9. Deeg, R. & Ziegenhorn, J. (1983). Kinetic enzymatic method for automated determination of total cholesterol in serum. Clinical Chemistry, 29, 1798-1802.
  10. Elam, C. J. (1976). Acidosis in feedlot cattle: Practical observations. Journal of Animal Science, 43, 898-901.
  11. Hoffmann, W. E. & Solter, P. F. (2008). Diagnostic enzymology of domestic animals. Pages 351-378 in: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. (6th ed.). J. J. Kaneko, J. W. Harvey, and M. L. Bruss, ed. Elsevier, Burlington, MA.
  12. Itabisashi, T., Tamiya, K., Yamamoto, R. & Satoh, M. (1987). Serum sialic acid levels in cattle inoculated with Fusobacterium necrophorum. Japanese journal of Veterinary Science, 49, 673-680.
  13. Jiang, F. G.,  Lin, X. Y., Yan, Z. G., Hu, Z. Y., Liu, G. M., Sun, Y. D., Liu, X. W. & Wang, Z. H. (2017) Effect of dietary roughage level on chewing activity, ruminal pH, and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(4), 2660-2671.
  14. Johnson, A. M., Rohlfs, E. M. & Silverman, L. M. (1999). Protein. Pages 477–540 in Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. (3rd ed.). C. A. Burtis, and E. R. Ashwood, ed. Saunders Co..
  15. Philadelphia, PA. Joźwik A., Strzałkowska, N., Bagnicka, E., Grzybek, W., Krzyżewski, J., Poławska, E., Kołataj, A. & Horbańczuk, J. O. (2012). Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows. Czech Journal of Anim. Science, 57(8), 353-360.
  16. Kanoe, M., Izuchi, Y. & Toda, M. (1978). Isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum from bovine ruminal lesions. Japanese journal of Veterinary Science, 40, 275-281.
  17. Lechtenberg, K. F., Nagaraja, T. G., Leipold, H. W. & Chengappa, M. M. (1988). Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 49, 58-62.
  18. Lechtenberg, K. F. & Nagaraja, T. G. (1991). Hepatic ultrasonography and blood changes in steers with experimentally induced liver abscesses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 52:803-809.
  19. Lechartier, C. & Peyraud, JL. (2010). The effects of forage proportion and rapidly degradable dry matter from concentrate on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets with fixed neutral detergent fiber and starch contents. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(2), 666-81.
  20. Lorenztz, K., Rohle, G. & Siekmann, L. (1995). Interoduction of new standard methods 1994 for the determination of catalytis enzyme concentrations at 37 c. DG Klinische chemic Mitteilungen, 26, 290-293.
  21. Mashhady, A., Ghorbanpour, M., Rasekh, A. & Kazemi, J. (2005).A survey on some Bacteriological and pathological aspects of Cattle liver Abscesses. Scientific Journal of the School Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamren University of Ahvaz, 8th Year, No. 9&10.
  22. McKeith, R. O., Gray, G. D., Hale, D. S., Krth, C. R., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., Raines, C. R., Belk, K., Woerner, D. R., Tatum, J. D., Igo, J. L., VanOverbeke, D. L., Mafi, G. G., Lawrence, T. E., King, Wheeler, T. L., Meadows, L. R. & O'Connor, M. E. (2012). National beef quality audit-2012: Harvest-floor assessments of targeted characteristics that affect quality and value of cattle, carcasss, and by pro ducts. Journal of Animal Science, 90, 5135-5142.
  23. Meyer, D. J. & Harvey, J. W. (1998): Evaluation of hepatobiliary system and skeletal muscle and lipid disorders. In: Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. Interpretation and Diagnosis. (2nd ed.) (Meyer, D. J., J. W. Harvey, Eds.), W.B. Saunders company Philadelphia, London, Toronto, Montreal, Sydney, Tokyo. pp. 157-187.
  24. Mojabi, A. (2000). Clinical biochemistry. Norbakhsh Publisher. (2nd Ed.).
  25. Nagaraja, T. G., Laudert, S. B. & Parrott, J. C. (1996). Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Part 2. Incidence, economic importance and prevention. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian, 18, S264-S273.
  26. Nagaraja, T. G. & Chengappa, M. M. (1998).Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review.  Journal of Animal Science, 76, 287-298.
  27. Nagaraja, T. G. & Lechtenberg, K. F. (2007) Liver Abscesses in Feedlot Cattle: Review article. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 23, 351-369.
  28. Plaizier, J. C., Li, Sh., Gozho, G. & Khafipour, E. (2014). Minimizing the Risk for Rumen Acidosis, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. P: 12.
  29. Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Blood, D. C. & Hinchcliff, K. W. (2007) A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses.W.B. Saunders, London. P. 393-395.
  30. Rezac, D. J., Thomson, D. U., Bartle, S. J., Osterstock, J. B., Prouty, F. L. & Reinhardt, C. D. (2014). Prevalence, severity, and relationships of lung lesions, liver abnormalities, and rumen health scores measured at slaughter in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 92(6), 2595-2602.
  31. Reinhardt, C. D. & Hubbert, M. E. (2015). Control of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: A review. The Professional Animal Science, 31, 101-108.
  32. Sevinc, M., Basoglu, A., Birdane, F. M. & Boydak, M. (2001). Liver function in dairy cows with fatty liver. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, 152(4), 297-300
  33. Stojesvic, Z., Pirsljin, J., Milinkovic-tur, S., Zdelar-tuk, M. & Beerlubic, B. (2005). Activities of AST, ALT and GGT in clinically healthy dairy cows during lactation and in the dry period. Veterinarski Arhiv, 75, 67-73.
  34. Thomas, L. (1998). Urea and blood urea nitrogen. Pages 374–377 in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics: Use and Assessment of Clinical Laboratory Results. (1st Ed.). TH-Books Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt, Germany.
  35. Yang, W. Z. & Beauchemin, K. A. (2009). Increasing physically effective fiber content of dairy cow diets through forage proportion versus forage chop length: chewing and ruminal pH. Journal of Dairy Sci, 92(4), 1603-15.
  36. Zebeli, Q., Tafaj, M., Weber, I., Dijkstra, J., Steingass, H. & Drochner, W. (2007). Effects of varying dietary forage particle size in two concentrate levels on chewing activity, ruminal mat characteristics, and passage in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(4), 1929-42.