تأثیر تغذیة سیلاژ خارشتر با خرمای ضایعاتی بر قابلیت هضم، تخمیر‌، جمعیت پروتوزوآیی و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در گوسفند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم دامی دانشگاه کرمان

2 دانشیار، بخش مهندسی علوم دامی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 استادیار، بخش مهندسی علوم دامی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر تغذیة سیلاژ خارشتر با خرمای ضایعاتی بر ابقای نیتروژن، تخمیر و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در گوسفند انجام شد. برای تهیة سیلاژ، 100 کیلوگرم خارشتر با 20 کیلوگرم خرما 45 روز سیلو گردید. جیره‏های آزمایشی دارای 0، 7، 14 و 21 درصد سیلاژ خارشتر با خرمای ضایعاتی بودند. از 4 رأس گوسفند نر در قالب طرح چرخشی در 4 دوره 21 روزه استفاده گردید. سیلوکردن خارشتر با خرمای ضایعاتی سبب افزایش پروتئین خام و چربی سیلاژ شد (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم ظاهری پروتئین خام جیره‏های آزمایشی با افزودن سیلاژ خارشتر دارای خرمای ضایعاتی کاهش یافت (05/0>P). مصرف نیتروژن، نیتروژن هضم و ابقاشده در گوسفندان تغذیه‌شده با جیرة دارای 21 درصد سیلاژ خارشتر بیشترین مقدار بود (05/0P<). با افزایش سطح سیلاژ خارشتر در جیره‏ها آلانتوئین دفعی و میزان نیتروژن و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی به‌صورت خطی افزایش یافت (05/0P<). بیشترین جمعیت کل پروتوزوآ و گونه‏های انتودینیوم در مایع شکمبه با 21 درصد سیلاژ خارشتر مشاهده شد (05/0P<). بنابراین با توجه به بهبود تعادل نیتروژن و افزایش پروتئین میکروبی با تغذیة 21 درصد سیلاژ خارشتر با خرمای ضایعاتی، می‏توان بدون تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد حیوانات از آن در جیرة دام‏ها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Feeding Alhagi with Waste Date Palm Silage on Rumen Parameters and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kadije Karamshahi 1
  • Omid Dayani 2
  • Reza Tahmasbi 3
  • Amin Khezri 3
1 M.Sc. student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effects of ensiling Alhagi with waste date Palm on rumen parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Kermani sheep were investigated. 100 kg Alhagi with 20 kg waste date Palm were mixed and ensiled for 45 d. The experimental diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21% Alhagi with waste date Palm silage. Four male kermani rams were used in change over design with four 21-days period. Ensiling alhagi with waste date Palm increased crude protein and fat percentages (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility of crude protein was decresed by increasing the level of ensiled alhagi with waste date Palm (P<0.05). The amounts of nitrogen intake, digested nitrogen and retained nitrogen in sheep fed 21% of ensiled alhagi with waste date Palm were higher (P<0.05). Eexcretion of allantoin, purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were increased linearly in response to increasing level of ensiled alhagi with waste date Palm.Total protozoa population and Entodinium species per ml rumen liquid changed quadratically (P<0.05). In conclusion, due to nitrogen balance improvement and increased microbial protein in diet containing 21% ensiled alhagi with waste date palm; it can be fed to animals without any negative effect on their performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alhagi with Waste Date Palm Silage
  • Nitrogen Retention
  • purine derivatives
  • microbial protein synthesis
Akbari, M. (1997). Comparison of different methods to predict digestibility in sheep. M.Sc. Thesis animal science. Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. (In Farsi)
Al-Dobaid, S. N., Mehaia, M. A. & Khalil, M. H. (2009). Effect of feeding discarded date on milk yield and composition of Aradi goats. Small Ruminant Research, 81, 167-170.
Alibabaei, Z., Gheisari, A. A., Ghorbani, Gh., Adib, M. & Sadeghi, Gh. A. (2011). Collection of Animal Science book. Publication Science Institute Scholar go. Vol. Fourth Edition. (In Farsi)
Allen, M. S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 83: 1598-1624.
Amaning-Kwarteng, K., & Kellaway, R. C. (1986). Supplemental protein degradation, bacterial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in sheep eating sodium hydroxide-treated straw. British Journal Nutrition, 55: 557-569.
Ansari, A., Taghizadeh, A. & Janmohammadi, H. (2012). Effects of different levels of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal ecosystem and ciliate Protozoa population in Ghizel sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 22. (In Farsi)
AOAC, 2005. Association of Official Analytical Chemis. Official methods of analysis, Fourteen Edition. AOAC, Washington, DC.
Askarzade, M. A., Kashki, M. T., Hajiyanshahri. T. & Pariyab, A. (2008). Investigate the sources and methods of leachate production mellitus with our introduction of manna in Khorasan. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan. (In Farsi)
Atriyan, P. (2009). Feeding Silage in Ruminants. Ayiezh press. 186. (In Farsi)
Bagheripour, E., Rouzbehan, Y. & Alipour, D. (2008). Effects of ensiling, air-drying and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of pistachio by-products. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 10: 216-226.
Bashtini, J., Fazaeli, H., Feizi, R. & Tavakoli, H. (2005). Voluntary intake and digestibility of Alhagi sPP in sheep. In: Proceedings of Second Seminar of sheep and goats in Iran. (In Farsi)
Bayatizade, M. (2011). The effects of wasted on the date on of fermentation charecterstics, nitrogen metabolism and performance of Kermani sheep. MSc. dissertation, University of Kerman, Iran. (In Farsi)
Broderick, G.A. and J. H. Kang, 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science. 63: 64-75.
Castillo, A. R., Kebreab, E., Beever, D. E., Barbi, J. H., Sutton, J. D., Kirby, H.C. & France, J. (2001). The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets. Journal of Animal Science, 79, 247-252.
Chen, X. B. & Gomes, M. J. (1995). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives: An overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication Rowette Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK. International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK., from httP://www.macaulay.ac.uk/IFRU/Pdf/chema.Pdf.
Coleman, G. S. (1979). The role of rumen protozoa in the metabolism of ruminants given tropical feeds. Tropical Animal produced. 4: 3.
Denek, N. & Can, A. 2006. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small ruminant research, 65: 260-265.
Dianati, Gh. A. & Mirjalili, A. B. (2007). Investagation on palatability of rangeland plants in Yazd region. Journal of Research and Development of Livestock. 76: 69-73. (In Farsi)
Douglas M. & Veira, D. M. (1986). The Role of Ciliate Protozoa in Nutrition of the Ruminant. Journal of Animal Science. 63: 1547-1560.
Farhomand, P. (2002). Feed of animals and birds and their maintenance procedures. Publication collegiate jehad west Azerbaijan. 210-223. (In Farsi)
Franzolin, R. & Dehority, B. A. (1996). Effect of prolonged high-concentrate feeding on ruminal protozoa concentrations. Journal of Animal Science, 74: 2803-2809.
Eadie, J. M. 1967. Studies on the ecology of certain rumen ciliate protozoa. Journal General Microbiology, 49: 175.
Eckard, R. J., Grainder, C. & Klein, C. A. M. (2010). Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production. Livestock Science, 130: 47-56.
Gampavar A S. & Kadake, V. G. (1985). Effect of molasses and formic acid on the quality of wheat straw-berseem silage. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 55: 545-485.
Gomes, M. J., Hovell, F. D. D., Chen, X. B., Nengomasha, E. M. & Fikremariam, D. (1994). The effect of starch suPPlementation of straw on microbial Protein suPPlies in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 49: 227-286.
Henderson, G., Stewart, C. S. & Nekrep, F. V. (1981). The effect of monensin on Pure mixed cultures of rumen bacteria. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 51: 159-169.
Hendrickson, R. & Asmussen, L. (1981). The voluntary intake, digestibility and rotation time day cattle and sheep of leaf and stem fraction of Tropical legume. Australian Journal of Agriculture, 24: 875- 888.
Harrison, J. H. & Blauwiekel, R. (1994). Fermentation and utilization of grass silge. Journal of Dairy Science, 7: 3209-3235.
Imai, S., Abdullah, N. H., Jalaludin, H. W., Hussain, S. H., Onodera, Y.R. & Kudo, H. (1995). Comparative study on the rumen ciliate populations in small experimental herds of water buffalo and Kedah Kelantan cattle in Malaysia. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 52: 345–351.
Ivan, M., Neill L. & Entz, T. (1995). Ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow following progressive inoculations of fauna-free wethers with major individual species of ciliate Protozoa or total fauna. Journal of Animal Science, 78: 750–759.
Khalilvandi, H. Rezayazdi, k. & Dehghan Bnadky, M. (2011). Effect of processing methods on the digestibility of sainfoin hay, degradability, rumen and blood parameters of Holstein cows. Research Journal of Animal Sciences, 21, 1. (In Farsi)
Lardo, M. A. & Minson, D. J. (1973). The voluntary intake, digestibility and rotation time day cattle and sheep of leaf and stem fraction of five grasses Australia. Journal of Agriculture Research. 24: 875-888.
Limaa, R., Daza, R. F., Castrob, B. A. & Hoedtkec, S. V. (2011). Multifactorial models to assess responses to sorghum proportion, molasses and bacterial inoculant on in vitro quality of sorghum–soybean silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 164: 161–173.
Misselbrook, T. H., Powell, J. M., Broderick, G. A. & Grabber, J. H. (2005). Dietary manipulation in dairy cattle: labrotary experiment to assess the influence pn ammonia emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 88: 1765-1777.
Moharari, A. S. & Noriyan. C. (2012). The effect of monensin supplementation on performance, digestibility and nitrogen excretion in the sheep. Journal of Iranian Animal Science, 43(4), 479-465. (In Farsi)
Nunez-Hernandez, G., Holechek, J. L., Wallace, J. D., Galyean, M. L., Tembo, A., Valdez, R. & Cardenas, M. (1989). Influence of native shrubs on nutritional status of goats: nitrogen retention. Journal Range Manage, 42, 228-232.
Ogimoto, K. & Imai, S. (1981) Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Japan Scientific Press, Tokyo, Japan.
Ohshima, S., Fukuma, Y., Suzuki, T., Funaba, M. & Abe, A. (1995). Validity of NRC method for estimating metaboliable energy value of laboratory dry canin diets. Journal of Experimental Animal Science, 44(1): 37-41.
Ralphs, H. & Olsen, J. D. (1987). Alkaloids and Palatability of Poisonous Plants USDA. United States Department of Agriculture Forest service, General Technique R- rp. INT-222: 68-83.
Rekik, M., Lassoued, N., Ben Salem, H. & Mahouachi, M. (2008). Effect of incorporating wasted date in the diet on reproductive traits and digestion of prolific D'man ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1(47), 193-203.
Russell, J. B., Connor, J. D. O., Fox, D. G., Van Soest, P. J. & Sniffen, C. J. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. Journal of Animal Science, 70, 3551–3561.
Rihani, N., Garrett W. N. & Zinn, R. A. (1993). Effect of source of supplemental nitrogen on the utilization of citrus pulp-based diets by sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 71: 2310-2321
Salariniya, A., Fathi nasri, M. H., Farhanggar, H. & Naaeimipour yonesi, H. (2012). Effect of different levels of dietary fiber starting on feed intake, daily gain, feed efficiency and rumen parameters of Holstein dairy calves. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 4(4), 323-334. (In Farsi)
Santra, A., Chaturvedi, O. H., TriPathi, M. K., Kumar, R. & Karim, S. A. (2003). Effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation on fermentation characteristics and ciliate protozal population in rumen of lambs. Small Ruminant Ressearch, 47: 203-212.
SAS, (2005). SAS User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc. Version 9.1, Cary NC, USA.
Shafie Naderi, A. (2004). Study of existent substances in Haloxylon aphyllum determine palatability. Institute of Iranian Animal Science. (In Farsi)
Shakeri, P., Riyasi, A., Alikhani, M., Ghorbani, G. H. & Fazaeli, C. (2011). Effects of feeding Pistachio crop silage on microbial protein synthesis and renal function in Holstein male calves fattening. Research Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(3), 7-16. (In Farsi)
Sinclair, L. A., Garnsworthy, P. C., Newbold, J. R. & Buttery, P. J. (1993). Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the sheep. Journal of Agricaltural Science, 120: 251-263.
Taghizadeh, A., Hatami, M., Moghadam, G. A., Tahmasbi, A. M., Janmohamadi, H., Pirani N. and Noori, R. (2010). The effect of treated corn silage using urea and formaldehyde on rumen ecosystem and blood metabolites in sheep. Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(2): 220-222.
Tahmoresbpoer, M. M. & Tahmasbi, A. (2007). Evaluation of Livestock and Poultry. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. 166-173. (In Farsi)
Umana, R. C., Staples, R., Bates, D. B., Wilcox, C. J. & Mahanna, W. C. (1991). Effects of a microbial inoculant and (or) sugar cane molasses on the fermentation, aerobic stabiliy and digestibility of bermudagrass ensiled at two molasses on the fermentation, aerobic stabiliy and digestibility of bermudagrass ensiled at two moiture contents. Journal of Animal Science, 69:4588-4601.
VakilFaraji, Y., Jaafari Khorshidi, K. & Zahedifar, M. (2002). Investigate the effect of different levels of concentrate in the diet on the rate of microbial protein synthesis in rumen Buffalo native province. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, (In Farsi)
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Williams, A. G. & Coleman, G.S. (1988). The Rumen Protozoa. Pages 77-128 in P. N. Hosbon, ed. The rumen microbial ecosystem. Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., New York, NY.
Yahaya, M. S., Kawai, M. & Takahashi, J. (2002). The effects of different moisture content and ensiling timeon silo degradation of structural carbohydrate of orchardgrass. Asian-Austral Journal. Animal Science, 15: 213–217.
Yassin, E. L., Fontenot, J. P. & Chester, H. (1991). Fermentation charactristics and nutritional value of ruminal contents and blood ensiled with untreated or soduim hydroxide treated wheat straw. Journal of Animal Science, 69: 1751-1759.
Ziaei, N. (2010). The effect of dietary Alhagi (camel grass) ensiled with different levels of low quality Date-Palm on apparent nutrient digestion coefficients in Kermani sheep. Research Journal Biological Sciences (RJBS), 5(4), 314-317.