نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on the performance and health of suckling Holstein calves. Forty-five male and female suckling Holstein calves with an average weight of 39.63±5.10 kg and 4 d old were used. The experimental treatments included: 1) control treatment (milk without supplement); 2) treatment containing 12.5 mg of sodium selenite supplement added to milk; and 3) treatment containing 62.5 mg of selenomethionine supplement added to milk. Daily feed intake, body weight, and skeletal indices were measured every two weeks. Blood samples were also taken to determine blood parameters on days 0, 35, and 70 of age. Selenium supplementation in inorganic and organic forms to the milk didn't affect the dry matter intake of starter (P>0.05) and total dry matter intake (P>0.05). However, the calves final weight increased significantly by organic selenium supplementation. Also, calves receiving inorganic and organic selenium had higher daily weight gain (P<0.05). Nevertheless, feed efficiency also increased with organic selenium supplementation (P<0.05). Among the skeletal growth indices, the withers height and heart girth tended to increase with selenium addition to milk, and the heart girth was highest in the organic. Rectal temperature, ear disposition, and nasal discharge score were similar among treatments (P>0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase was 17.6, 16.2, and 15.4 U/L in the control, inorganic, and organic treatments, respectively, and was significantly reduced by adding organic selenium to milk. Also, adding inorganic or organic selenium to milk, reduced serum alkaline phosphatase concentration (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was higher in the treatment receiving organic selenium (P<0.05). Overall, adding organic selenium to milk of suckling Holstein calves increased performance and feed efficiency.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Successful breeding of replacement heifers is essential to ensure the sustainability of dairy farms and future milk production. In the modern dairy industry, calves are reared artificially and early feeding programs have been widely studied to improve their performance during the preweaning period. Selenium is one of the most important trace elements essential for many vital body functions in livestock production. To meet animal requirements for selenium, feeds are usually supplemented with either mineral forms of selenium (sodium selenate or selenite) or organic forms, mainly consisting of selenomethionine. In monogastric species, the greater bioavailability and efficacy of organic forms compared to inorganic forms have been extensively studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on the performance and health of suckling Holstein calves.
Material and method
Forty-five male and female suckling Holstein calves with an average weight of 39.63±5.10 kg and 4 d old were randomly assigned to one of the experimental treatments in individual cages in a randomized complete design. The experimental treatments included: 1) control treatment (milk without supplement); 2) treatment containing 12.5 mg of sodium selenite supplement added to milk; and 3) treatment containing 62.5 mg of selenomethionine supplement added to milk. All the experimental diets were balanced to meet the nutrient requirements of the dairy calves according to the recommendations of the National Research Council (NRC, 2001). Daily feed intake, body weight, and skeletal indices were measured every two weeks. Blood samples were also taken to determine blood parameters on days 0, 35, and 70 of age. Data were analyzed using SAS software.
Result
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on the performance and health of suckling Holstein calves. Forty-five suckling Holstein calves with an average weight of 39.63±5.10 kg and an age of 4 d were randomly assigned to one of the experimental treatments in individual cages in a randomized complete design. The experimental treatments included: 1) control treatment (milk without supplement); 2) treatment containing 12.5 mg of sodium selenite supplement added to milk; and 3) treatment containing 62.5 mg of selenomethionine supplement added to milk. Selenium supplementation in inorganic and organic forms to the milk of suckling calves did not affect the dry matter intake of starter (P>0.05) and total dry matter intake (P>0.05). However, the final weight of calves increased significantly by organic selenium supplementation. Also, calves receiving selenium with inorganic and organic forms had higher daily weight gain (P<0.05). On the other hand, feed efficiency also increased with the supplementation of organic selenium (P<0.05). Among the skeletal growth indices, the withers height and heart girth of suckling calves tended to increase with the addition of selenium to milk, and the heart girth was highest in the organic group (0.91 vs. 90.5 and 89.6 cm for inorganic and control, respectively). Rectal temperature, ear disposition, and nasal discharge score were similar among treatments (P>0.05). However, the fecal consistency score in the control, inorganic, and organic groups was 1.39, 1.29, and 1.23, respectively, and was significantly different. Also, the eye discharge score in the organic group was lower than the control group (1.11 vs. 1.25). Serum alanine aminotransferase was 17.6, 16.2, and 15.4 U/L in the control, inorganic, and organic treatments, respectively, and was significantly reduced by adding organic selenium to milk. Also, adding selenium to milk, either inorganic or organic form, reduced serum alkaline phosphatase concentration (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was higher in the treatment receiving organic selenium (P<0.05). Blood zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations of calves were not affected by the addition of inorganic and organic forms of selenium to milk (P>0.05). Overall, adding organic selenium to milk of suckling Holstein calves increased performance and feed efficiency.
Conclusion
Selenium supplementation in the milk of Holstein suckling calves, whether in mineral or organic form, resulted in higher daily weight gain. However, organic selenium added to milk in the form of selenomethionine also increased feed efficiency. Among skeletal growth indices, withers height and heart girth tended to increase with selenium supplementation in milk. Both organic and inorganic selenium supplementation in milk improved fecal consistency, and selenomethionine supplementation also improved eye health. overall, according to the results of the present study, selenium supplementation in the form of selenomethionine in milk increases performance and feed efficiency of suckling calves.
Author Contributions
Jafar Khalili: Investigation, Writing - Original Draft.
Daryoush Alipour: Conceptualization, Validation, Supervision, Writing - Review & Editing, Project administration.
Hsasan Aliarabi: Formal Analysis, Writing - original draft
This article contains all the data that were created or evaluated during the research.
The authors would like to sincerely thank the members of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Urmia University Research Council for the approval and support of this research.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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