Babak Esfandyari; Mojtaba Zaghari; Shirin Honarbakhsh; Mahmood Shivazad
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Licheni formis on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health of their progenies. A total of 336 broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500) from 22 to 32 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design of 2 × ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Licheni formis on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health of their progenies. A total of 336 broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500) from 22 to 32 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design of 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four treatments, each with seven replicates. Dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet without probiotic and without Salmonella enteritidis inclusion; 2) basal diet without probiotic and oral inclusion of 1×106 cfu/bird and 1×108 cfu/bird Salmonella enteritidis in 26 and 30 weeks of ege, respectively; 3) basal diet containing 0.4 gr/kg probiotic and without Salmonella enteritidis inclusion; 4) basal diet containing 0.4 gr/kg probiotic and oral inclusion of 1×106 cfu/bird and 1×108 cfu/bird Salmonella enteritidis in 26 and 30 weeks of ege, respectively. The results showed that adding probiotic was increased fractional weight of yolk and liver (P<0.05). The number of large and small yellow follicles were decreased significantly in response to the challenge with Salmonella compared with the control. The results of this study did not show any benefit of adding probiotic on performance of broiler breeder hens contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis.
Behzad Sadighi; Mahmood Shivazad; Mojtaba Zaghari
Abstract
In this experiment, randomized complete block design with four replications was used for evaluating of the effect of three feeding methods including: without feed restriction (control group), 6 hours feed restriction from 7 to 21 days and 4 hours from 22 to 28 days, 6 hours feed restriction from 7 to ...
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In this experiment, randomized complete block design with four replications was used for evaluating of the effect of three feeding methods including: without feed restriction (control group), 6 hours feed restriction from 7 to 21 days and 4 hours from 22 to 28 days, 6 hours feed restriction from 7 to 14 days and 4 hours from 15 to 21 days on performance and ascites prevention of Arian male broiler chickens in six weeks. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and the index of production efficiency were determined during the experiment. Hematocrit and blood parameters were measured at 35 days of age. Carcass characteristics and the right ventricle weight per total ventricle weight (RV:TV) ratios were determined and compared. Feed conversion ratio and production index was improved by feed restriction from 7-21 days (P<0.05) at 42 days. With applying feed restriction ascites mortality was reduced (P<0.05). Applied feed restriction methods on the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells and hematocrit had no significant effect, but increased levels of corticosterone (P<0.05). Although T3 hormone was not affected by feed restriction but T4 was increased by feed restriction from 7 to 21 days (P<0.05). In addition, T3 to T4 ratios was reduced by feed restriction (P<0.05).The results of this experiment indicated that, 6 hours feed restriction from 7 to 21 days and 4 hours from 22 to 28 days had the lowest ascites mortality and increased body weight insignificantly.
Behzad Sadighi Sheykh-hasan; Mahmood Shivazad; Mojtaba Zaghari
Abstract
In this study 60 Arian male chickens for six weeks were used in a completely randomized block to evaluate the effect of three dietary energy level on performance and prevention ascites. Diets energy levels were: as catalog; 100 and 150 kcal lower in starter and grower and finisher periods; 200 kcal and ...
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In this study 60 Arian male chickens for six weeks were used in a completely randomized block to evaluate the effect of three dietary energy level on performance and prevention ascites. Diets energy levels were: as catalog; 100 and 150 kcal lower in starter and grower and finisher periods; 200 kcal and 300 kcal lower in starter and grower that catalog respectively. During the experiment, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and production index were determined. Hematocrit and blood parameters were measured at 35 days of age. At the end of the experiment, carcass characteristics and the right ventricle (RV) weight and total ventricle (TV) weight ratios were determined and compared. Reducing dietary energy level was increased body weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05). Feed cost per kg of weight gain was reduced by reducing dietary energy level (P<0.05). Reducing dietary energy level decreased the amount of hemoglobin and hematocrit (P<0.05) and increased the cortisol level (P<0.05). T3 hormone was not affected by diet energy, but T4 was increased by Reducing dietary energy (P<0.05). Also T3 to T4 ratios was reduced by Reducing dietary energy (P<0.05). Results showed that reducing 100 kcal diet energy in starter and 150 kcal in the grower and finisher periods than the Arian catalog was performed better than the other two energy levels on performance and parameters related to ascites.
Marziyeh Ebrahimi; Ahmad Zare Shahneh; Mahmoud Shivazad; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding high levels of L-arginine on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass meat quality of female Ross broiler chickens at the starter period. In this experiment, 192 day old chicks were fed with 4 dietary treatments (100%, ...
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The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding high levels of L-arginine on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass meat quality of female Ross broiler chickens at the starter period. In this experiment, 192 day old chicks were fed with 4 dietary treatments (100%, 153%, 168% and 183% of digestible arginine, based on the Ross catalogue recommendation) with 4 replications in a completely randomized design from day 1 to 10. On 10th day of experiment, chicks were weighed, feed consumption was recorded, and feed efficiency was calculated. Also, three chickens per replication were selected after sampling, blood were euthanized to measure breast and thigh muscle weights, meat quality of the breast muscle (color, pH, and shear force). Data were analyzed based using proc GLM of SAS software. According to the results, the highest increasing percentage for body weight (2.33%), feed efficiency (6.35%), relative weight of breast (22.16%) and thigh (17.53%) muscles were observed in diet with 168% digestible arginine relative to control group (P<0.05). Also, the highest increasing percentage in plasma triiodothyronine (60.45%), thyroxine (26.91%), and relative triiodothyronine to thyroxine (25.91%) was observed in diet with 183% digestible arginine relative to control group (P<0.01). On the other hand, in 183% digestible arginine group noticeable decrease in percentages of plasma cholesterol (14.93%) and triglyceride (25.19%) concentrations, shear force (26.39%) and 24 (2.05%) and 48 (2.63%) h meat pH was observed(P<0.05) relative to the control group. The overall results of this study showed that consumption level of 168% digestible arginine, as based of Ross catalogue recommendation, had the best desirable results on growth, meat quality andplasma metabolites.
Masoud Barzegar; Hosein MORAVEJ; Mahmoud SHIVAZAD
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels ...
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The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of VitaminPremix(VP), fed during the last three weeks of a broiler rearing period (22-42 days), on its growthperformance and carcass characteristics. Four hundred 22 day old broilers received diets containingfour levels of supplementary VP (0, 33.33, 66.66 and 100%) each at a different weeks of finisherperiod. The diets were formulated as based on wheat and soybean meal, with the experimentconducted on floor pens of 10 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. Thedietary treatments consisted of: T1 no VP supplement during 22 to 42 days of age; Treatments 2, 3and 4 containing 33.33% VP,. Treatments 5, 6 and 7 with 66.66% of VP supplement and finallytreatments 8, 9 and 10 containing 100% of VPsupplement. The treatmeants were so arranged that T 2,5 and 8 received only from 22 to 28; treatments 3, 6 and 9 only from 22 to 35, and treatments 4, 7 and10 only from 22 to 42 days of age. The results finally indicated that VP reduction and withdrawal at 22days of age did not impair the birds, performance during their last three weeks of rearing period (22 to42 days). Decrease in the level of VP did not significantly affect the carcass characteristics (carcassyield, percentages of breast, thigh, liver, heart as wellas abdominal fat).
Leila Lotfi; Mojtaba Zaghari; Saeed Zeinoddini; Mahmood Shivazad; Dariush Davoodi
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of nano and micro sources of manganese in broiler chickens. Two hundred and eight, 10-d-old male Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 4 replications and 4 chicks per replicate were studied for 35 days. During ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of nano and micro sources of manganese in broiler chickens. Two hundred and eight, 10-d-old male Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 4 replications and 4 chicks per replicate were studied for 35 days. During the experimental period, a basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 20 ppm Mn (control treatment) was supplemented with 70, 120, and 170 mg/Kg, Mn as graded levels, from four different sources (nano manganese oxide, carbonate and sulfate and micro manganese sulfate) and fed ad libitum. Results indicated that in comparison with micro MnSO4, nano manganese increased bone breaking strength significantly (P<0.01). The bioavailability of different sources of nano manganese in comparison to micro MnSO4 was higher significantly (P<0.01). The bioavailability of nano manganese sulfate, Carbonate and Oxide in comparison to micro manganese sulfate, on the basis of bone manganese content, was 324, 158 and 125 percent respectively. In conclusion, nano manganese had the substitutability of micro manganese sulfate in broilers diet to reduce leg abnormalities with no negative effect on performance.
Hossein Moravej
Abstract
A total of 160 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided in a completely randomized design experiment, and assigned to 8 treatments and 4 replicates in their experimental units (cages). Treatments included: T1: basal diet with no additional methionine, T2: basal diet plus 0.06, T3: basal ...
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A total of 160 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided in a completely randomized design experiment, and assigned to 8 treatments and 4 replicates in their experimental units (cages). Treatments included: T1: basal diet with no additional methionine, T2: basal diet plus 0.06, T3: basal diet plus 0.11, T4: basal diet plus 0.17 % of DL-methionine, T5: basal diet plus 0.06, T6: basal diet plus 0.11, T7: basal diet plus 0.17, T8: basal diet plus 0.22 % of Herbal methionine. To investigate the immunocompetence of birds at 28 and 42 days of age, two tests were conducted: responding to antibody titer against antigen of Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) and responding to dilution 1-choloro 2-3- DiNitroBenzene (DNCB). Multiexponential and multilinear regressions were employed to determine bioavailability of Herbal Methionine (H-Met)® relative to DL-Met on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers. Body weight gain and feed intake of the broilers (fed either H-Met or DL Met) improved in the experiment, regardless of Met sources, in comparison with broilers fed basal diet. Immunocompetence results of broilers were not significant at 28 day of age (p
Masoud Adibmoradi; Marziyeh Ebrahimi; Ahmad Zare Shahneh; Mahmoud Shivazad; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei; Majid Tebianian; Keramat Nourijelyani
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of high dietary levels of L-arginine during starter period on growth, intestine morphology and immune system of female Ross broiler chicks. In this experiment, 192 day old female Ross broiler chicks were fed with 4 dietary treatments in ...
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of high dietary levels of L-arginine during starter period on growth, intestine morphology and immune system of female Ross broiler chicks. In this experiment, 192 day old female Ross broiler chicks were fed with 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, in which each dietary treatment included 4 replications. Dietary treatments included 100%, 153%, 168% and 183% of digestible arginine, based on the Ross recommendation, and were fed from day 1 to 10. On d 10 of the experiment, chicks were weighed and feed consumption was recorded. Then, three chicks per replication were slaughtered in order to survey intestinal histology and immune system. The results showed that high dietary levels of arginine had an increasing effect (P<0.01) on 10th day body weight, feed efficiency, immune system characteristics, weight and length of small intestine, and its villus height and crypt depth. According to the results of this study, 168% digestible arginine, based on the Ross recommendation, had the best desirable results on growth improvement of broiler chicks and it also improved weight, length and histology of small intestine, and immune characteristics.
Neda Sheikh; Hossein Moravvej; Mahmoud Shivazad; Armin Towhidi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding of different levels of metabolizable energy and of different crude protein levels on the performance and blood factors in Japanese quails in their 5 to 41d old. The experiment was conducted as a 3×5 factorial arrangement, in a completely ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding of different levels of metabolizable energy and of different crude protein levels on the performance and blood factors in Japanese quails in their 5 to 41d old. The experiment was conducted as a 3×5 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design of four replicates with 40 quails per replicate. The fifteen dietary treatments consisted of three levels of dietary energy (2800, 2900 and 3000 kcal ME kg−1) times five levels of crude protein (22, 23, 24, 25 and 26%). Blood samples were collected towards the end of the study to determine Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and cholesterol content. There was no interaction observed between the two factors (P>0.05). Daily weight gain of quails fed diets containing 3000 Kcal ME kg−1 was significantly higher than thoseted at the other levels (P< 0.001). Also, final body weight increased with increasing ME level (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was lower in diets of 3000 kcal ME kg−1 content in comparison with 2800 kcal ME kg−1 (P< 0.05). ME level did not significantly influence feed intake (P> 0.05). T4 concentration for males fed 3000 kcal ME kg−1 diet was significantly higher than T4 in the other two treatments level (P<0.01). On in the other hand, T3 coentration in males declined using diets containing 2800 kcal ME kg−1 (P<0.0001). Also T4 concentration in females and cholesterol concentration in both sex enhanced significantly with increasing ME level from 2800 to 3000 kcal ME kg−1 (P<0.05). In spite of T4 concentration, none of the measured characters had been influenced by protein levels (P>0.05). T4 concentration of males was higher in diets 26% crude protein in comparison with diets containing 22% and 23% crude protein (P<0.05). Also, female quails fed with diets containing 25% and 26% crude protein had higher T4 concentration than those fed with other diets (P<0.01).
mohammad hossein shahir; varia andalibi; mahmood shivazad; afshin heydari nia; omid afsarian
Abstract
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of full fat canola seed (either with or without any enzyme addition) on broiler productivity. Four hundred and thirty two male broilers were employed in a completely randomized design of 2×6 factorial arrangement involving 2 levels ...
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This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of full fat canola seed (either with or without any enzyme addition) on broiler productivity. Four hundred and thirty two male broilers were employed in a completely randomized design of 2×6 factorial arrangement involving 2 levels of enzyme (either with or without), and 6 levels of canola seed (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%). Experimental diets were fed in the grower (14-21) and finisher (21- 42) periods. The results indicated that by inclusion of 5% of canola seed (with and without enzyme), weight gain and FCR were more appropriate than the other levels of canola seed (P
M. EBRAHIMI; A. ZARE SHAHNEH; M. SHIVAZAD; Z. ANSARI PIRSARAEI; M. TEBIANIAN; M. ADIBMORADI; K. NOURIJELYANI
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of different levels of L-arginine in the diet on the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of female Ross broiler chickens within their starter period. A number of, 192 day old female Ross broiler chickens were fed with ...
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The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of different levels of L-arginine in the diet on the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of female Ross broiler chickens within their starter period. A number of, 192 day old female Ross broiler chickens were fed with 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, each dietary treatment had 4 replication. Dietary treatments included 100, 153, 168 and 183% of digestible arginine, as based on the Ross catalogue recommendation. The birds, were fed from day 1 to 10. On the 10th day of experiment, three chickens per replication were randomly selected, blood samples were collected from each, and then the birds were slaughtered to measure carcass traits and determine blood parameters. The results revealed that dietary arginine treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the increase in 10-day body weight, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, carcass efficiency, weight and thickness of breast muscle, thigh weight, heart weight, weight plus length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; while decreasing (P<0.05) carcass abdominal fat weight. Arginine supplementation also increased (P<0.05) plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4while decreasing (P<0.05) plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, and urea. According to the results of the study, a consumption level of 168% digestible arginine, as based upon Ross catalogue recommendations, rendered the most desirable results on growth improvement and carcass traits, while the diet containing 183% digestible arginine, also based upon Ross catalogue recommendations, led to the greatest fat carcass reduction.
M. AYAZ; M. SHIVAZAD; M. H. SHAHI; A. HAJIBABAEI; E. SHAHRAMI
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn of beet pulp fed to male ostriches at their 90 d of age. Different levels of beet pulp (0, 15, 30 and 40%) were fed through replacements in the basal diet. For a determination of AME and AMEn using marker method, beet pulp was ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine the AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn of beet pulp fed to male ostriches at their 90 d of age. Different levels of beet pulp (0, 15, 30 and 40%) were fed through replacements in the basal diet. For a determination of AME and AMEn using marker method, beet pulp was replaced in the basal diet at 40%. A number of 16 vs. 8 ostrich chicks were employed in each of the total collection vs. marker methods, respectively. A completely randomized design of 4 replicates was adopted. AME and AMEn were determined via chromic oxide marker and via total excreta collection methods. The AME and AMEn for beet pulp were recorded as 3199±238, 2902±95, 3125±214 and 2798±86 kcal/kg (at 40 % of replacement) as assessed through chromic oxide marker and total excrete collection, methods respectively. Assessment of TME and TMEn of beet pulp as based upon different levels of feedstuff were recorded 3215 and 3134 kcal/kg respectively. The results finally indicated that use of the ME data assessed via adult leghorn cockerel (in formulating the starter diet for ostrich) is not applicable, and values of ME in ration formulation regarding ostrich are to be determined
iman haj khodadadi; hosein moravej; mahmood shivazad; ahmad zare shahne
Abstract
The present research was conducted to estimate the dietary lysine (Lys) requirements of growing quails as based on performance and carcass constituents parameters at 3 to 24 d of age. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design arrangement the 6 dietary Lys levels; 1, 1.15, 1.30 (NRC ...
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The present research was conducted to estimate the dietary lysine (Lys) requirements of growing quails as based on performance and carcass constituents parameters at 3 to 24 d of age. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design arrangement the 6 dietary Lys levels; 1, 1.15, 1.30 (NRC 1994), 1.45, 1.60, and 1.75 %, from 3 to 24 d of age. A dose-response diet mainly based on corn, corn gluten and soybean meal was used. Lys content was minimized in dose-response diet (1%) while assuring the minimum levels of all other essential amino acids in a manner that would meet or exceed NRC (1994) recommendation. Each treatment consisted of 5 floor pens as replicate with 50 quail chicks. Second order equation methods were utilized for determining the optimum dietary Lys levels. With increase in dietary Lys, body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (P < 0.05). In female Japanese quail, carcass and breast weights were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary Lys. While dietary Lys has no significant effect on thigh weight, carcass and breast yields in female quails (P > 0.05), in male quails, Carcass, breast, thigh weights as well as yields are significantly affected by Lys level, during the birds 3-24 d of age (P < 0.05). Lys needs based on second order equation method when mixed performance parameters taken as response of Lys requirement were recorded as 1.48% at 3-24 d of age. The data suggested that total Lys requirement could be estimated based on second order equation method as 1.48, 1.54% respectively for female and male quails when carcass constitutents are considered at the birds 24 d of age. These results indicate that the NRC (1994) Lys requirement of Lys 1.30% (total basis) is not adequate from the birds 3 to 24 d of age for optimum performance in the case of Japanese quails.
majid allahyari shahrasb; hossein moravej; mahmood shivazad
Abstract
Two trials were carried out to compare the effect of different levels of vitamin premix, in two raising systems of floor and cage, on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks. The chicks were fed with adjusted diets as based on wheat and barley for duration of 29 to 42 days. Trial 1 was carried ...
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Two trials were carried out to compare the effect of different levels of vitamin premix, in two raising systems of floor and cage, on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks. The chicks were fed with adjusted diets as based on wheat and barley for duration of 29 to 42 days. Trial 1 was carried out through an employment of 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) in 4 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design in floor system. Trial 2 was carried out simultaneously with the trial 1 by using 64 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) with 4 treatments and 4 replicates in a system of raising cages. The treatments were comprised of 0, 33.33, 66.66 and 100 percent of vitamin premix. Feed intake and body weight gain in each replicate were calculated within 35 and 42 days, while carcass weight, abdominal fat percentage, the level of Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) enzymes being assessed. Also, after the birds being slaughtered, in order to assess the level of lipid oxidation, thighs of birds were frozen at -20?C for 6 months. According to the results of trial 1 the level of lipid oxidation and AST enzyme were affected by the no vitamin premix containing diet at 36-42 days of age, (P< 0.05). In trial 2, according to the recorded performances, carcass weight and the level of AST enzyme, in birds which were fed with no vitamin premix containing diet (zero level) in comparison with the other treatments and at 36-42 days of age were of significant differences (P < 0.05). Also according to the lipid oxidation and ALP enzyme the birds which were fed with the diet of treatments 1 and 2 in comparison with the other treatments and at 42 days of age were of significant differences (P < 0.05). Considering the results in this study, it seems that there is the possibility of decreasing the level of vitamin premix in finisher diet of broiler chickens in floor raising system up to 33% and up to 66% in cage system common now, without any negative effect on performance and on their frozen meat quality.
Ahmad Malakzadegan; Mojtaba Zaghari; Mahmoud Shivazad
Volume 42, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 321-327
Abstract
The objective followed in this study was to determine the AMEn equivalency of multienzyme Natuzyme-P. one hundred and sixty male Ross 308 broiler chicks were made use of in the experimentations. Graded levels of AMEn, 2600, 2750, 2900, plus 3050 kcal/kg in the starter, and 2700, 2850, 3000, plus 3150 ...
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The objective followed in this study was to determine the AMEn equivalency of multienzyme Natuzyme-P. one hundred and sixty male Ross 308 broiler chicks were made use of in the experimentations. Graded levels of AMEn, 2600, 2750, 2900, plus 3050 kcal/kg in the starter, and 2700, 2850, 3000, plus 3150 kcal/kg of the diet in the grower periods were used throughout the study. All the nutrients other than AMEn were equal among the treatments. Four levels of dietary NP enzyme (0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 g/kg) were added to the basal diet (2600 and 2700 kcal/kg in the starter and grower periods, respectively). Each dietary treatment was randomly assigned to four pens of 5 chicks each. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded at 28 and 42 d of age, and feed conversion ratio calculated. Regression equations were derived for graded levels of AMEn, and NP enzyme. The derived regression equations for AMEn were set equal to those obtained for NP and solved. Equivalency values for AMEn were found out by subtracting the obtained values from nutrient content in the basal diet. Equivalency value of NP enzyme at 28 d of age for AMEn was estimated to be 77066 kcal/kg. During 28 to 42 d of age, equivalency value for AMEn was estimated as 93080 kcal/kg.
Seyed Abdolla Hosseini; Mojtaba Zaghari; Houshang Lotf-allahian; Mahmoud Shivazad; Hossein Moravej
Volume 42, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 329-336
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate methionine level in broiler breeder’s diet. The treatments consisted of 6 levels of methionine (0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45% diets), with 4 replicates of 7 hens each for a duration of 8 weeks and for ages of 28 to 35 weeks. Diets contained ...
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An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate methionine level in broiler breeder’s diet. The treatments consisted of 6 levels of methionine (0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45% diets), with 4 replicates of 7 hens each for a duration of 8 weeks and for ages of 28 to 35 weeks. Diets contained similar levels of protein metabolizable energy. The levels of the other amino acids were taken equal in all the diets to ensure that methionine was chosen as the only limiting amino acid in each dietal treatment. Feed intake, egg production, egg weight, settable eggs, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg content and SRBC responses were evaluated during the experimental periods. For finding out the optimum methionine level, Simple Additive Weighted (SAW) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods as well as economic maximum equation were employed. Application of multi attribute decision making system SAW and TOPSIS indicated the appropriate methionine levels as 0.329 and 0.297 percent in the diets, respectively. Total methionine content in the diets, for maximum economic profit (according to feed cost and chick value) was recorded as 0.307. Results finally indicated that using 0.3-0.33 percent methionine in the Arian broiler breeder diets could be approppriately suggested for maximum performance and most economical profit.
Hamed Salehi; Saeid Zeinaldini; Armin Towhidi; Mahmoud Shivazad
Volume 42, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 369-377
Abstract
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Caspian Kilka fish oil on breast meat fatty acid (FA) profile and as well as sensory acceptability of breast meat. Fish oil supplementation was added to provide four graded levels (0, 1, 2, and 3% fish oil) in place of vegetable oil for supporting ...
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This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Caspian Kilka fish oil on breast meat fatty acid (FA) profile and as well as sensory acceptability of breast meat. Fish oil supplementation was added to provide four graded levels (0, 1, 2, and 3% fish oil) in place of vegetable oil for supporting 3% oil in the diet during the period of breeding. These four diets were allocated to one hundred and twelve birds of Ross-308 strain. The diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous being fed to birds for a duration of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, eight birds out of every treatment were slaughtered, breast samples taken and frosted at 20 ?C. Feeding of 3% fish oil increased DHA from 0.055 to 0.906 milligram per gram of total fatty acids as compared with control. Moreover, feeding of three percent fish oil led to an enhancement in total n-3 PUFA from 0.244 to 1.302 milligram per gram of total fatty acids, and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 of PUFA from 0.075 to 0.458 milligram (per gram of total fatty acids) in comparison with control (P
sh. hadinia; mahmod shivazad; h. moravej; m. allahyari shahrasb
Abstract
A study was carried out to examine the effect of different levels of Herbal methionine and DL-methionine on the growth performance and immunocompetence of broiler chickens fed on a corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 225 old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used as experimental samples in a completely ...
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A study was carried out to examine the effect of different levels of Herbal methionine and DL-methionine on the growth performance and immunocompetence of broiler chickens fed on a corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 225 old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used as experimental samples in a completely randomized design. They were randomly assigned to 9 treatments each of 5 replicates in every experimental unit (cage). Treatments included basal diet supplemented increasingly with Herbal methionine and DL-methionine during three growth periods of the birds. Treatments included: T1: basal diet without any additional methionine, T2: basal diet plus 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, T3: basal diet plus 0.15, 0.11, 0.10, T4: basal diet plus 0.22, 0.17, 0.14, T5: basal diet plus 0.29, 0.23, 0.19 % DL-methionine for starter, grower and finisher periods respectively, T6: basal diet plus 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, T7: basal diet plus 0.15, 0.11, 0.10, T8: basal diet plus 0.22, 0.17, 0.14, T9: basal diet plus 0.29, 0.23, 0.19 % Herbal methionine for starter, grower and finisher periods respectively. Feed intake and body weights were recorded during the three experimental periods and then, feed conversion ratios calculated. To investigate the immunocompetence of birds at 28 and 42 days of age, the following two tests were carried out: 1) response to antibody titer against antigen of Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) and 2) response to dilution of 1-choloro 2-3- dinitrobenzene (DNCB). The results revealed that the maximum finisher body weight gain was related to the two highest levels of DL-methionine and Herbal methionine with significant differences as compared with the other treatments, while the highest level of DL-methionine causing minimum finisher body weight gain. Birds fed the basal diet plus 0.15, 0.11, 0.10 % DL-methionine for starter, grower and finisher periods respectively and also, the basal diet plus 0.22, 0.17, 0.14 % Herbal-methionine for starter, grower and finisher periods respectively, exhibited the most desirable performance and immunocompetence. Thus, according to the obtained results, it seems that Herbal methionine could in effect replace DL-methionine.
Seyed Adel Moftakharzade; Hossein Moravej; Mahmoud Shivazad
Volume 42, Issue 2 , October 2011, , Pages 143-151
Abstract
In this research the effect of feeding wheat/ barley based diets supplemented with three commercial enzymes containing xylanase and ?-glucanase activities and including matrix value their on performance and gastrointestinal tract size of broiler chicks was investigated. A total of 260-day-old male broiler ...
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In this research the effect of feeding wheat/ barley based diets supplemented with three commercial enzymes containing xylanase and ?-glucanase activities and including matrix value their on performance and gastrointestinal tract size of broiler chicks was investigated. A total of 260-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 5 treatment groups, with 4 replicates per treatment and 13 birds per replicate in a RCB design. Results showed that only addition of enzymes B and C to wheat/ barley based diet increased average daily feed intake significantly (P
Seyed Naser Mousavi; Mahmoud Shivazad; Mohammad Chamani; Housahang Lotfolahian; Ali Asghar Sadeghi
Volume 42, Issue 2 , October 2011, , Pages 153-160
Abstract
In this research 400 Ross 308 breeder fertile eggs were weighed At day 16 of incubation and evenly distributed into 4 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 25 eggs per replicate in a CRD design. On day 18 of incubation, 1 ml of an in ovo feed solution including: I) Carbohydrate (CHO), II) Amino ...
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In this research 400 Ross 308 breeder fertile eggs were weighed At day 16 of incubation and evenly distributed into 4 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 25 eggs per replicate in a CRD design. On day 18 of incubation, 1 ml of an in ovo feed solution including: I) Carbohydrate (CHO), II) Amino acid (AA), and III) Butyric acid solution in 0.5% saline was injected into amniotic fluid of eggs. The control group remained non-injected. After injection eggs were transferred to hatcher. Upon hatch, chicks were weighed, sexed and transferred to the experimental house and reared to 42 days. At day two the midpoint of the jejunum was sampled for intestinal morphometric examination. The hatchability didn't differ significantly between treatments. Body weight and body weight to egg weight ratio of all in ovo injected hatchlings was greater than in controls (P
Soudabe Moradi; Mojtaba Zaghari; Mahmoud Shivazad; Rahim Osfouri; Mohsen Mardi
Volume 42, Issue 2 , October 2011, , Pages 161-170
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of either twice or thrice a day feeding regimens on performance and as well on plasma hormone and metabolite levels of broiler breeder hens during 24 to 38 wk of their productive age. Breeder pullets were provided form a commercial flock, and distributed ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of either twice or thrice a day feeding regimens on performance and as well on plasma hormone and metabolite levels of broiler breeder hens during 24 to 38 wk of their productive age. Breeder pullets were provided form a commercial flock, and distributed in experimental units, in a compeletly randomized design with three feeding regimens (treatments) included 1, 2 or 3 feeding times per day with 4 replicates. Birds fed once a day, received all their total feed at 06:15 h, whereas birds fed twice a day, received 50% of their total feed allowance at 06:15 h and the other 50% at 12:15 h, and while birds fed thrice a day, received 33% of their total feed at 06:15 h, 33% at 12:15 h and the last portion at 18:15 h. Total daily feed did not differ among treatments. Blood samples were taken at the peak of production (32 wk of age) and at the end of trial (38 wk of age). For the 13 wk production period, total hen-day egg production through 38 wk of age in the hens that were provided feed twice and thrice a day was greater (67.1 and 67.2 vs 62.2 eggs/hen, P
Soudabeh Moradi; Mahmoud Shivazad; Ahmad Zare shahneh; Seyed Ahmad Mirhadi
Volume 42, Issue 1 , July 2011, , Pages 21-27
Abstract
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary factors that affect egg cholesterol concentration in laying hens of 56 to 70 weeks of age. Three hundred and ninety six Hy-Line W36 laying hens were subjected to 11 experimental treatments, each treatment consisting of 4 replicates, ...
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This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary factors that affect egg cholesterol concentration in laying hens of 56 to 70 weeks of age. Three hundred and ninety six Hy-Line W36 laying hens were subjected to 11 experimental treatments, each treatment consisting of 4 replicates, each replicate of 9 hens. Dietary treatments included the control, made up of corn plus soy meal with an AME content of 2750 kcal/kg; vs. experimental treatments comprised of control diet supplemented with 2 and 4% canola oil, 2 and 4% tallow, 1 and 2% garlic powder, 0.1 and 0.2 % probiotic and finally 125, vs. 250 mg/kg of copper in the form of cupric sulphate. All experimental groups received AME plus other nutrients on an equal basis. Egg production and weight were assessed on a daily basis. During the laying period from 58 to 70 weeks of age, egg production rate, egg, feed intake, FCR, albumin quality and weight, shell thickness and fractional shell weight were found out as not differing among treatments. Yolk weights were significantly higher when 1%, and 2% garlic powder as well as 125, 250 mg/kg of Cu were added to the diets (P
Elham Darsi Arani; Mahmoud Shivazad; Mojtaba Zaghari; Nbounid Famil Namroiud
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The effects of L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition in male broiler chicks, fed diet in which CP was reduced in a stepwise manner from 21 to 18% were investigated. Ileal digestible quantities of all EAA were almost equal in the diets, with quantities NRC 1994 recommendations. One ...
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The effects of L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition in male broiler chicks, fed diet in which CP was reduced in a stepwise manner from 21 to 18% were investigated. Ileal digestible quantities of all EAA were almost equal in the diets, with quantities NRC 1994 recommendations. One hundred forty four male commercial broilers were allotted to six groups, each with four replicates (6 birds per replicate). The experimental design was a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 21, 19.5, 18% crude protein levels and 0, 50 mg/kg of L-carnitine. Performance of birds fed the low protein diets was not significantly affected by the CP levels. Fat content in whole-body and Abdominal Fat Deposition (AFD) increased linearly as CP decreased in the diets. The feeding trial showed that L-carnitine had no significant effect on either daily gain or feed conversion. Supplementation of L-carnitine in the diet decreased abdominal fat deposition and crude fat content of the leg muscles as well as the whole body (P
Mojtaba Zaghari; MohammadMehdi Ghasemi; Mahmoud Shivazad; Ardeshir SheykhAhmadi
Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2010
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of date pits in broiler chickens. One hundred sixty eight male broiler chicks (Ross 308) from 1 to 42 days of age were used. Experimental design was CRD, in a factorial arrangement of 4 replicates per treatment. The factors included: 3 levels ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of date pits in broiler chickens. One hundred sixty eight male broiler chicks (Ross 308) from 1 to 42 days of age were used. Experimental design was CRD, in a factorial arrangement of 4 replicates per treatment. The factors included: 3 levels of date pits (10, 20 and 30%) either with or without multi enzyme supplementation. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal was included. All diets were isonitrogenous as well as isoenergetic. Apparent metabolizable energy corrected for zero nitrogen retention and amino acids content of date pits were assessed before formulation of the diets. Cage body weight and feed intake were measured at 10, 28 and 42 days of age. At the end of the experiment, two birds from each cage were selected for either blood plasma samples to be used to measure lipid metabolites and peroxidation parameters. Finally, following over night fasting, birds were slaughtered and carcass characteristics evaluated. Results indicated that live body weight at 10, 28 and 42 days of age, weren’t affected by either the levels of dietary date pits or enzyme addition and neither by the interaction between the two factors (P>0.05). Adding date pits to broiler diet, up to 10% improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P
iman haj khodadadi; hossein moravej; mahmoud shivazad; mohammad riahi
Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2009
