Ata Mahdavi; Kamran Reza Yazdi; Ahmad Zare Shahneh; Mahdi Dehghan Banadaki
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) supplement on milk yield, milk composition,energy balance and blood metabolites of Holstein cows in their early lactation. Fifteen multiparous lactating Holstein cows (20±3 DIM, 637±8 kg initial BW) were blocked by ...
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The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) supplement on milk yield, milk composition,energy balance and blood metabolites of Holstein cows in their early lactation. Fifteen multiparous lactating Holstein cows (20±3 DIM, 637±8 kg initial BW) were blocked by milk production, and assigned in a completely randomized block design to 1 of 3 treatments, namely: 1) control (basal diet+115g/d Ca salts of palm fatty acids), 2) Rumen protected CLA (basal diet+120g/d of lipid encapsulated CLA), and 3) Rumen unprotected CLA (basal diet+40g/d rumen unprotected CLA). Doses provided a total of 96g of fatty acids per day. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition, body weight and body condition score were measured weekly during the 35 days of the experiment. Blood samples were collected twice in days 14 and 35 of experiment. Results indicated that rumen protected CLA supplement reduced milk fat content by 17.8% as compared with control (P
Ali Razeghi; Hasan AliArabi; Seyed Mohamad Mahdi Tabatabaei; Ali Asghar Saki; Pouya Zamani
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
This study was conducted on 24 Holstein cows in close-up period, in a split-plot in time design, with a 2×2 factoriel arrangement and in a completely randomized framework to evaluate the effect of pre and postpartum dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD) on homeostasis of calcium, acid-base balance ...
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This study was conducted on 24 Holstein cows in close-up period, in a split-plot in time design, with a 2×2 factoriel arrangement and in a completely randomized framework to evaluate the effect of pre and postpartum dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD) on homeostasis of calcium, acid-base balance and the subsequent lactation performance. The first factor was prepartum DCAD for which the animals were randomly divided into two groups (12 cows each) one of them fed with a diet of -100 meq/kg of DM and the other fed with a diet of +100 meq/kg of DM. The second factor was postpartum DCAD. Following parturition the anionic group was divided into two groups of 6 cows, one group receiving a diet of +200 meq/kg DM DCAD and the other +400 meq/kg of DM DCAD. Same division was made for the cationic group. The experiment was continued till 63 d in milk. To reduce DCAD, anionic salt and to increase it sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate were added. Prepartum reduction of DCAD and postpartum increase of DCAD resulted in decrease in urine and blood pH and increase in urine and blood pH (P
Amin Khezri; Kamran Reza Yazdi; Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran; Mohamad Moradi Shahr Babak; MohamadReza Mohamad Abadi
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
To examine the effects of different sources of Rumen-Degradable Carbohydrates on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and performance of Holstein dairy cows, four lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae in a 4×4 Latin Square with four diets and four 28 day periods each, were employed. ...
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To examine the effects of different sources of Rumen-Degradable Carbohydrates on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and performance of Holstein dairy cows, four lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae in a 4×4 Latin Square with four diets and four 28 day periods each, were employed. Experimental diets contained different levels of pure sucrose and corn starch in which sucrose was replaced at 0, 25, 50 and 75 g /kg DM for corn starch at 75, 50, 25 and 0 g/kg DM in a total mixed ration (TMR) respectively. Replacing corn starch with sucrose did not affect ruminal pH. The addition of sucrose to TMR compared with starch, reduced (P?0.05) ruminal NH3 - N concentration but did not significantly affect peptide – N concentration. The addition of sucrose to diets did not significantly affect either total volatile fatty acids or the acetate to any propionate ratio. No differences in molar proportion of most of the individual volatile fatty acids were found among diets, except for the molar proportion of butyrate that was increased (P?0.05) with the inclusion of sucrose. In this experiment, diets with high levels of sucrose as compared with diets containing corn starch tended (P?0.051) to decrease total branched chain volatile fatty acids. Dry matter intake, milk yield, body weight changes and digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF were not affected by inclusion of sucrose in the diets but increased milk fat and total solid percentages (P?0.05). Increasing levels of sucrose in the diets tended (P?0.063) to increase milk protein percentage (3.28 vs. 3.05) and reduced (P?0.05) milk urea nitrogen concentration which shows improving nitrogen metabolism in the rumen and as a result more efficient utilization of the rapidly available nitrogen components in the diets.
Ali Nobakht; Yousof Mehman Navaz
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of zizaphora (Thymyus valgaris), peppermint (Lamiaceae menthapiperita), menta pulagum (Oreganum valgare) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens. This experiment was conducted in a completely ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of zizaphora (Thymyus valgaris), peppermint (Lamiaceae menthapiperita), menta pulagum (Oreganum valgare) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 288 of Hy line (W-36) laying hens in 8 treatments and 3 replicates (with 12 hens in each replicate) for 12 weeks from 38- 50 weeks of laying period and included: 1) control group without using any medical plants, group 2) using 2% of zizaphora, group 3) using 2% of peppermint, group 4) using 2% of menta pulagum, group 5) using 2% of (zizaphora and peppermint), group 6) using 2% of (zizaphora and menta pulagum), group 7) using 2% of (peppermint and menta pulagum) and finally group 8) using 2% of menta pulagum. The results showed that the use of different medical plants mix had significant effects on performance, and egg quality of laying hens (p
Hamed Zargaran Esfahani; Seyed Davoud Sharifi; Abbas Barin; Ahmad Afzal Zadeh
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The effect of silver nanoparticles as additive on broiler performance was investigated through employed of 312 day-old broiler chiks (Arbor-Acre Plus) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatment diets each in 4 replicates. Corn- soy based diets were formulated for starter, grower and finisher ...
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The effect of silver nanoparticles as additive on broiler performance was investigated through employed of 312 day-old broiler chiks (Arbor-Acre Plus) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatment diets each in 4 replicates. Corn- soy based diets were formulated for starter, grower and finisher according to NRC (1994) recommendations. The silver nanoparticle solutions (2000 ppm) were added to either diets or drinking water at concentrations of 400 and 800 ml per ton or cubic meter, respectively, to prepare the treatments. Two treatments either with or without antibiotic (flavomycin 500g/t) were considered as control groups. Feed intake and weight gain were weekly recorded. At the end of the experimental period, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected, slaughtered and the weight of carcass, abdominal fat and total digestive organs (total gut tract, caeca and liver) determined. The results showed that different levels of silver nanoparticles in diet and water had not significant effect on broilers performance, but birds fed antibiotic supplemented diet had the highest feed intake and weight gain at the overall rearing period (P
Somayeh Shahsavari; Mohamad SalarMoeini
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of waste whole date, either with or without enzyme supplementation, on broiler performance. The chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the waste date were determined before a chick study of 3×2 factorial design arrangement, the treatments of ...
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An experiment was conducted to study the effect of waste whole date, either with or without enzyme supplementation, on broiler performance. The chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the waste date were determined before a chick study of 3×2 factorial design arrangement, the treatments of which consisted of three levels of waste whole date (0, 10 and 20%) and two levels of enzyme (0 and 0.035%). Two hundred and forty day-old male Ross broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups of 4 replicates of 10 chicks each. The date contained low CP as well as AMEn (3.4% and 2732 Kcal/kg, respectively). Except in the 0-3 week period, birds fed diets containing either level of date showed statistically lower weight gain. The use of date led to statistically higher feed ratio. Adding enzyme to the diets significantly (p
Elham Darsi Arani; Mahmoud Shivazad; Mojtaba Zaghari; Nbounid Famil Namroiud
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The effects of L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition in male broiler chicks, fed diet in which CP was reduced in a stepwise manner from 21 to 18% were investigated. Ileal digestible quantities of all EAA were almost equal in the diets, with quantities NRC 1994 recommendations. One ...
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The effects of L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition in male broiler chicks, fed diet in which CP was reduced in a stepwise manner from 21 to 18% were investigated. Ileal digestible quantities of all EAA were almost equal in the diets, with quantities NRC 1994 recommendations. One hundred forty four male commercial broilers were allotted to six groups, each with four replicates (6 birds per replicate). The experimental design was a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 21, 19.5, 18% crude protein levels and 0, 50 mg/kg of L-carnitine. Performance of birds fed the low protein diets was not significantly affected by the CP levels. Fat content in whole-body and Abdominal Fat Deposition (AFD) increased linearly as CP decreased in the diets. The feeding trial showed that L-carnitine had no significant effect on either daily gain or feed conversion. Supplementation of L-carnitine in the diet decreased abdominal fat deposition and crude fat content of the leg muscles as well as the whole body (P
Mahmoud VatanKhah; Mohamad Ali Talebi; Mohsen Bagheri
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
Production, reproduction, management and economic parameters resulted from recordings of 5 flocks comprised of 720 heads of native goats during annual cycle of reproduction in transhumance, village and farming systems were employed to determine the performance of traits, cost-profit analysis as well ...
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Production, reproduction, management and economic parameters resulted from recordings of 5 flocks comprised of 720 heads of native goats during annual cycle of reproduction in transhumance, village and farming systems were employed to determine the performance of traits, cost-profit analysis as well as breeding objective. The overall mean for number of salable kid per goat in transhumance, village and farming systems were 0.35, 0.52 and 1.20, respectively. The mean kid body weights in sale time were 22.50, 28.50 and 31.86 kg, respectively. The mean milk salable shares per goat were 14.50, 50.50 and 60.00 kg, respectively. The traits appeared in profit equation were survival rate in goat, conception rate, kidding frequency, kidding rate, kid survival rate to weaning, kid survival rate to yearling, kid live weight at sale, body weight of goat and milk yield (breeding objective). The average profit per goat per year were, estimated as 55427, 103162 and 733654 Rials for transhumance, village and farming systems. The economic efficiencies were calculated as 1.10, 1.09 and 1.57, respectively. The highest and lowest profit occurred in farming and transhumance systems, respectively. The economic efficiency in village system was lower than in the transhumance system.
Mohamad Saheb Honar; Mohamad Moradi Shahr Babak; Seyed Reza Miraei Ashtiani; Mohamad Bagher Sayad Nezhad
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
Genetic trend for production traits were estimated in Iranian Holstein cattle using the first lactation data recorded by Cattle Breeding and Dairy Product Improvement Center of the State from 1991 to 2006. Effect of some factors on genetic trend was investigated using data from 18 large herds. (Co) variance ...
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Genetic trend for production traits were estimated in Iranian Holstein cattle using the first lactation data recorded by Cattle Breeding and Dairy Product Improvement Center of the State from 1991 to 2006. Effect of some factors on genetic trend was investigated using data from 18 large herds. (Co) variance components and genetic parameters were estimated, using five trait animal model and EM-AI algorithm in WOMBAT software. Estimated heritability for milk, fat, protein yields, fat percent and protein percent were 0.255, 0.197, 0.210, 0.317 and 0.308, respectively. Linear regression of Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) on birth year was used to estimate genetic trend. Estimated genetic trend for the animals for milk, fat and protein yield were 35.437±2.655, 0.714±0.059, 0.945±0.069 kg and for fat and protein percent were -0.006±0.0005 and -0.002±0.0002, (P
Abbas Pakdel; Marziyeh Heydari Tabar; Ardeshir Nejati Javaromi
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to explore the feasibility of nonlinear mixed models to describe the Somatic Cell Score (SCS) lactation curves and to compare the fit of four nonlinear vs. two linear models when applied to SCS lactation records in Iranian Holstein cows. The Animal Breeding ...
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The main objective of the present study was to explore the feasibility of nonlinear mixed models to describe the Somatic Cell Score (SCS) lactation curves and to compare the fit of four nonlinear vs. two linear models when applied to SCS lactation records in Iranian Holstein cows. The Animal Breeding Center of Iran provided the SCC data. The data consisted of 445077 test-day observations from 69124 first to fourth lactation Iranian Holstein cows recorded during the years 2002 to 2007. Six different mathematical functions including Incompelete gama function (Wood), Morant and Gnanasakthy, Ali and Schaeffer function, Wilmink, Rook as well as Nelder functions were fitted to data. The functions were compared based on adjusted R-square and Mean Standard Error (MSE). The results indicated that in the first as well as in the second lactations, Ali and Schaeffer functions described the SCS lactation curve more appropriately than other functions. However in the third and forth lactation, Morant function was better filted than the other five functional forms. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best function is a relative term and depends on the lactation period.
