Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Garlic Powder, turmeric Powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract and commercial probiotics on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microflora and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Three hundred twenty-one-day-old male broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain with an average weight of 42 grams were used it this experiment. The experiment was designed in the form of a completely randomized design with 8 treatments replicated 4 times each (10 chicks/replicate). The treatments were: 1) control treatment (basal diet (BD). without feed additive), 2) BD + garlic powder at the rate of 0.3%, 3) BD + turmeric powder at the rate of 0.75% percentage, 4) BD + Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract at the rate of 0.5% recommended by Taligene Pars Company, 5) BD + Parsilact probiotic, 6) BD + garlic powder at the rate of 0.3% + turmeric powder at the rate of 75 0.0%, 7) BD + garlic powder at 0.3% + turmeric powder at 0.75% + Talizyme® yeast extract at 0.5%, 8) BD + garlic powder at 0.3% + powder Turmeric in the amount of 0.75% + Thalizyme® yeast extract 0.5% + Parsilact probiotic. The results showed that the feed consumption and weight gain were not affected by the experimental treatments, but the chicks fed with diets containing Preselect probiotic, garlic powder + turmeric powder, garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract + Parsilact probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio in the growing, finisher and the entire of the experimental period, which was significantly different from the control. The relative weight of breast, thigh, back and wings were not affected by dietary treatments. Addition of probiotic reduced relative weight of liver compared to the control. The intestinal weight decreased in the diet with garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract compared to the control. Diet with garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract decreased the intestinal weight compared to the control. The lowest and highest relative weight of spleen were belonging to SC yeast extract and garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract, respectively. The diet containing garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract + Parsilact probiotic reduced Escherichia coli bacteria count compared to the control group. Diets containing garlic powder + turmeric powder increased lactobacillus bacteria population. Total immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin M titers (at day 21) was increased by dietary supplementation of garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract. At day 35, the titer of immunoglobulin M increased in response to garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract feed additive, but the immunoglobulin G titer was decreased. The highest villus height was obtained with the diet containing garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract and the lowest with the garlic powder + turmeric powder diet. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the creation of resistant colonies of bacteria against many antibiotics. In countries where in feed antibiotics use has been banned, there is a decrease in growth performance and an increase in mortality rate of broilers due to bacterial infections. Based on this basic assumption, researchers and poultry industries have been searching for appropriate alternatives to dietary antibiotics that will have no residual effect or result in antibiotic resistance. Two of such alternatives that has gained much research interest as potential alternatives to antibiotics are prebiotics and probiotics. The purpose of this research is to investigate garlic powder, turmeric powder and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) yeast extract (Thalizyme®) and common probiotic as alternatives to antibiotics on the growth performance, morphology, intestinal microflora and immune response of broilers.

 

Materials and Methods

Three hundred twenty-one-day-old male broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain with an average weight of 42 grams were used it this experiment. The experiment was designed in the form of a completely randomized design with 8 treatments replicated 4 times each (10 chicks/replicate). The treatments were: 1) control treatment (basal diet (BD). without feed additive), 2) BD + garlic powder at the rate of 0.3%, 3) BD + turmeric powder at the rate of 0.75% percentage, 4) BD + Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract at the rate of 0.5% recommended by Taligene Pars Company, 5) BD + Parsilact probiotic, 6) BD + garlic powder at the rate of 0.3% + turmeric powder at the rate of 75 0.0%, 7) BD + garlic powder at 0.3% + turmeric powder at 0.75% + Talizyme® yeast extract at 0.5%, 8) BD + garlic powder at 0.3% + powder Turmeric in the amount of 0.75% + Thalizyme® yeast extract 0.5% + Parsilact probiotic. Turmeric in the amount of 0.75% + Thalizyme® yeast extract 0.5% + Parsilact probiotic. The performance during starter, grower and finisher periods and carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and immune response of broiler chickens at the age of 37 days were evaluated.

 

Results

The results showed that the feed consumption and weight gain were not affected by the experimental treatments, but the chicks fed with diets containing Preselect probiotic, garlic powder + turmeric powder, garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract + Parsilact probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio in the growing, finisher and the entire of the experimental period, which was significantly different from the control. The relative weight of breast, thigh, back and wings were not affected by dietary treatments. Addition of probiotic reduced relative weight of liver compared to the control. The intestinal weight decreased in the diet with garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract compared to the control. Diet with garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract decreased the intestinal weight compared to the control. The lowest and highest relative weight of spleen were belonging to SC yeast extract and garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract, respectively. The diet containing garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract + Parsilact probiotic reduced Escherichia coli bacteria count compared to the control group. Diets containing garlic powder + turmeric powder increased lactobacillus bacteria population. Total immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin M titers (at day 21) was increased by dietary supplementation of garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract. At day 35, the titer of immunoglobulin M increased in response to garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract feed additive, but the immunoglobulin G titer was decreased. The highest villus height was obtained with the diet containing garlic powder + turmeric powder + SC yeast extract and the lowest with the garlic powder + turmeric powder diet.

 

General conclusion

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the dietary feed additives used in this study improved feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics, and decreased harmful and increased beneficial intestinal bacteria population, and improved immune indicators in broiler chickens.

Author Contributions

For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work re-ported.

All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.

Data Availability Statement

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If the study did not report any data, you might add “Not applicable” here.

Acknowledgements

The Acknowledgments section should be a few sentences at the end, but it is important to recognize those people (organizations and individuals) who made considerable impact on the research, provided significant help to the author to formulate and complete the experiment, and improved the research at any stage (from providing access to equipment or field sites to editing the manuscript). However, this is an optional section.

In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of ABCD (Ethical code: IR.UT.RES.2024.500). The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

 

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

 

References

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Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 56, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 71-94

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  • Receive Date: 31 January 2024
  • Revise Date: 03 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 08 June 2024

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