Study on effects of plants extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 National Artemia Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization,Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated parasite of freshwater fish with global distribution, which causes economically important infection in cold-water fish. The aim of this research was to conduct an experimental study on the effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) plants on theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ingredients of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (0.05 mg/µl) and lavender (0.05 mg/µl) were prepared using methanol and Soxhlet apparatus. In this study, concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/L were prepared from hydro-alcoholic of thyme and lavender with three replicates for each concentration. The duration of fatality of the extracts was evaluated at 23°C for 4 hours. GC-MS analyses elucidated that there were 36 (25.75%thymol) and 23 (17.04% lavender) components of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender, respectively. Fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender had significant association with different concentrations. The highest effect of the extracts was at 40 mg/L of hydro-alcoholic extract of thyme (82.77 ± 1.71) and lavender (62.77 ± 1.79). The numbers of theronts were decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time in different concentrations of aqueous alcoholic hydro-alcoholic extracts of T.‌ vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of T.‌ vulgaris was higher than L. angustifolia. This study uncovered that different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of garden thyme and lavender destroyed I. multifiliis theronts under laboratory conditions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated parasite of cold-water fish with global distribution. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry and ornamental fish. The use of chemical compounds in commercial aquaculture faces some concerns, e.i anti-parasitic resistance, low efficacy, tissue drug residue, environmental pollution and economic losses. Studies on uses of compounds and extracts of herbal drugs in treatment of some internal and external fish parasites infections assigned special ranking due to their high efficiency and low environmental pollution. The aim of the present study was to conduct an experimental study on the effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) plants on the infective stage of theront of I. multifiliis isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran.

 

Materials and Methods

   Ingredients of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme (0.05 mg/µl) and lavender (0.05 mg/µl) were prepared using methanol and Soxhlet apparatus. In this study, concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/L were prepared from hydro-alcoholic of thyme and lavender plants with three replicates for each concentration. Throphonts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were isolated from rainbow trout and kept at 23°C overnight to release the theronts. Then, the duration of fatality of the extracts on the theronts was evaluated in seconds at 23°C for 4 hours.

 

Results

    GC-MS analyses elucidated that there were 36 (25.75%thymol) and 23 (17.04% lavender) components of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender, respectively. Fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of thyme and lavender had significant association with different concentrations. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts in the hydro-alcoholic treatment groups of garden thyme and lavender gradually lost the ability to swim and became spherical and rotated in the same place until death. The highest effect of the extracts was at 40 mg/L of hydro-alcoholic extract of thyme (82.77 ± 1.71) and lavender (62.77 ± 1.79). The number of theronts were decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time in different concentrations of aqueous alcoholic hydro-alcoholic extracts of T.‌vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The fatality effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of T.‌vulgaris was higher than L. angustifolia.

 

Conclusions

    This study uncovered that different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of garden thyme and lavender destroyed I. multifiliis theronts under laboratory conditions. According to obtained data, these extracts may be helpful as an alternative pathway to apply instead of chemical compounds against I. multifiliis due to their appropriate effects and not leaving any medicinal residue in the body of fish and the environment.

References

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Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 55, Issue 3
September 2024
Pages 461-475

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 13 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 13 January 2024

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