The Effect of source and particle size of fiber on performance and gastrointestinal ‎tract characteristics in broiler chickens up to 21 days of age

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, ‎Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, ‎Iran

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber source and particle size on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract characteristics in broiler chickens from d 1 to 21. A total of 420 male broiler chickens were randomly distributed in 7 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment, which were arranged factorially. Experimental treatments including three insoluble fiber sources, 3% (sunflower hulls, SFH; rice hulls, RH; and camelina hulls, CH), and two sizes of fiber particles (fine (1 mm) and coarse (3 mm)), and a control group (without fiber addition). Main effects of fiber sources and particle size on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significant (P˃0.05), whereas, the inclusion of fine SFH improved body weight gain compared to the control group (P<0.05). The main effects of source and size of fibers did not affect gizzard weight, although the inclusion of coarse SFH tended to increase gizzard weight compared to control (P=0.08). The SFH and RH-containing diets improved the relative jejunum weight than the CH-containing diet (P<0.05). Experimental treatments did not influence the pH of proventriculus and gizzard, as well as the relative weights of duodenum and ileum. The main effect of fiber particle size was significant in term of cecum weight, so that coarse grinding increased cecum weight compared to fine grinding (P<0.05). Based on the results of this research, dietary inclusion 3% of sunflower hulls, rice hulls, and camelina hulls in the diet of broilers had no negative impacts on the growth performance of broiler chickens, while diluting the diet with sunflower hulls could improve body weight and gizzard weight.

Keywords


  1. Amerah, A., Ravindran, V. & Lentle, R. (2009). Influence of insoluble fibre and whole wheat inclusion on the performance, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 50(3), 366-375.
  2. AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. AOAC Int.,
  3. Baker, S. & Herrman, T. (2002). Evaluating Particle Size MF-2051 Feed Manufacturing. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, US.
  4. Behnke, K. (2001). Factors affecting pellet quality. Maryland Nutrition Conference, Department of Poulty Science and Animal Science, University of Maryland." Feed Tech. cbna. com. br.
  5. Branton, S., Lott, B., Deaton, J., Maslin, W., Austin, F., Pote, L., Keirs, R., Latour, M. & Day, E. (1997). The effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fiber on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 76(1), 24-28.
  6. Correa-Matos, N. J., Donovan, S. M., Isaacson, R. E., Gaskins, H. R., White, B. A & Tappenden, K. A. (2003). Fermentable fiber reduces recovery time and improves intestinal function in piglets following Salmonella typhimurium infection. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(6), 1845-1852.
  7. Dahiya, J., Wilkie, D., Van Kessel, A. & Drew, M. (2006). Potential strategies for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in post-antibiotic era. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 129(1-2), 60-88.
  8. Duke, G. E. (1986). Alimentary canal: secretion and digestion, special digestive functions, and absorption. In Avian Physiology (pp. 289-302). Springer, New York, NY.
  9. Engberg, R. M., Hedemann, M. S. & Jensen, B. B. (2002). The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 43(4), 569-579.
  10. Engberg, R. M., Hedemann, M. S., Steenfeldt, S. & Jensen, B. B. (2004). Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poultry Science, 83(6), 925-938.
  11. Gabriel, I., Mallet, S., Leconte, M., Fort, G, & Naciri, M. (2003). Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of coccidial infection in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 82(11), 1668-1676.
  12. Giger-Reverdin, S. (2000). Characterisation of feedstuffs for ruminants using some physical parameters. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 86(1-2), 53-69.
  13. Gonzalez-Alvarado, J., Jimenez-Moreno, E., Gonzalez-Sanchez, D., Lazaro, R & Mateos, G. (2010). Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 162(1-2), 37-46.
  14. Gonzalez-Alvarado, J., Jimenez-Moreno, E., Lazaro, E. & Mateos, G. (2007). Effect of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers. Poultry Science, 86(8), 1705-1715.
  15. Gonzalez-Alvarado, J., Jimenez-Moreno, E., Valencia, D., Lazaro, R. & Mateos, G. (2008). Effects of fiber source and heat processing of the cereal on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice. Poultry Science, 87(9), 1779-1795.
  16. Gracia, M., Latorre, M., Garcia, M., Lazaro, R. & Mateos, G. (2003). Heat processing of barley and enzyme supplementation of diets for broilers. Poultry Science, 82(8), 1281-1291.
  17. Guzman, P., Saldana, B., Kimiaeitalab, M., Garcia, J & Mateos, G. (2015). Inclusion of fiber in diets for brown-egg laying pullets: Effects on growth performance and digestive tract traits from hatching to 17 weeks of age. Poultry Science, 94(11), 2722-2733.
  18. Hetland, H. & Svihus, B. (2001). Effect of oat hulls on performance, gut capacity and feed passage time in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 42(3), 354-361.
  19. Hetland, H. & Svihus, B. (2007). Inclusion of dust bathing materials affects nutrient digestion and gut physiology of layers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(1), 22-26.
  20. Hetland, H., Svihus, B. & Choct, M. (2005). Role of insoluble fiber on gizzard activity in layers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14(1), 38-46.
  21. Jimenez-Moreno, E., De Coca-Sinova, A., Gonzalez-Alvarado, J. & Mateos, G. G. (2016). Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake. Poultry Science, 95, 41-52.
  22. Jimenez-Moreno, E., Gonzalez-Alvarado, J. M., Gonzalez-sanchez, D., Lazaro, R. & Mateos, G. G. (2010). Effects of type and particle size of dietary fiber on growth performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Poultry Science, 89, 2197-2212.
  23. Jimenez-Moreno, E., Chamorro, S., Frikha, M., Safaa, H., Lazaro, R. & Mateos, G. G. (2011). Effects of increasing levels of pea hulls in the diet on productive performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and nutrient retention of broilers from one to eighteen days of age. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 168(1-2), 100-112.
  24. Jimenez-Moreno, E., Gonzalez-Alvarado, J., de Coca-Sinova, A., Lazaro, R. P., Camara, L. & Mateos, G. G. (2019). Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poultry Science, 0, 1-17.
  25. Jimenez-Moreno, E., Gonzalez-Alvarado, J., Lazaro, R. & Mateos, G. (2009). Effects of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and fiber inclusion in the diet on gizzard pH and nutrient utilization in broilers at different ages. Poultry Science, 88(9), 1925-1933.
  26. Kimiaeitalab, M. V., Camara, L., Mirzaie Goudarzi, S. M., Jimenez-Moreno, E. & Mateos G. G. (2017). Effects of the inclusion of sunflower hulls in the diet on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a broiler diet from zero to 21 d of age. A comparative study. Poultry Science, 96, 581-592.
  27. Lazaro, R., Garcia, M., Medel, P & Mateos, G. G. (2003). Influence of enzymes on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed rye-based diets. Poultry Science, 82(1), 132-140.
  28. Lentle, R. & Janssen, P. (2008). Physical characteristics of digesta and their influence on flow and mixing in the mammalian intestine: a review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 178(6), 673-690.
  29. Mateos, G. G., Lazaro, R. & Gracia, M. (2002). The feasibility of using nutritional modifications to replace drugs in poultry feeds. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 11(4), 437-452.
  30. Moradi, S., Moradi, A., Atabaigi Elmi, V. & Abdollahi, M, R. (2020). The effect of corn particle size and different insoluble fiber sources on growth performance and carcass and gastrointestinal tract caracteristics of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 51(2), 151-161.(In Farsi)
  31. Perez, V., Jacobs, C., Barnes, J., Jenkins, M., Kuhlenschmidt, M. S., Fahey Jr, G., Parsons, C. M. & Pettigrew, J. (2011). Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and Eimeria acervulina infection on growth performance and the intestinal microbiota of young chicks. Poultry Science, 90(5), 958-964.
  32. Rezaei, M., Karimi Torshizi, M. & Rouzbehan, Y. (2011). The influence of different levels of micronized insoluble fiber on broiler performance and litter moisture. Poultry Science, 90(9), 2008-2012.
  33. Rogel, A., Balnave, D., Bryden, W. & Annison, E. (1987). Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fibrous feedstuffs. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 38(3), 629-637.
  34. SAS. (2004). Institute. SAS User's Guide. Statistics, Version 9. 2. 2004 ed. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC.
  35. Sklan, D., Smirnov, A. & Plavnik, I. (2003). The effect of dietary fibre on the small intestines and apparent digestion in the turkey. British Poultry Science, 44(5), 735-740.
  36. Svihus, B. (2011) The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability. World's Poultry Science Journal, 67(2), 207-224.
  37. Svihus, B., Choct, M. & Classen, M. (2013) Functional and nutritional roles of the avian caeca: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 69, 249-263.
  38. Valencia-Sanchez, M. A., Liu, J., Hannon, G. J. & Parker, R. (2006). Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs. Genes & Development, 20(5), 515-524.
  39. Van Krimpen, M., Kwakkel, R., Van der Peet-Schwering, C., Den Hartog, L. & Verstegen, M. (2009). Effects of nutrient dilution and nonstarch polysaccharide concentration in rearing and laying diets on eating behavior and feather damage of rearing and laying hens. Poultry Science, 88(4), 759-773.