Masoumeh Tavakolnia; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Narges Shirvani-Brojeni; gholamreza ghorbani
Abstract
A multiple-component pricing (MCP) method for the purchase of milk by dairy processors in Iran was developed and compared with the current procedure, reference on percentage differential pricing (PDP) method. Data on the quantity and quality of raw milk and dairy products, and economic data relating ...
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A multiple-component pricing (MCP) method for the purchase of milk by dairy processors in Iran was developed and compared with the current procedure, reference on percentage differential pricing (PDP) method. Data on the quantity and quality of raw milk and dairy products, and economic data relating to the sale prices of dairy products and processing costs for the Iran dairy market in 2017 were used. Cheese, cream, skim milk powder and liquid milk were the reference dairy products. After calculation of net return for each reference product, and consideration of composition and total production share, economic importance for milk fat and protein were estimated using weighted least square method. Economic values for each percent of milk fat and protein were estimated as IRR 2,741 and 1,311 respectively, with a total value of 12,704 IRR for 1 kg of basal milk (3.2% fat, 3.0% protein); this was slightly higher than the current PDP of 12,500 IRR. The effect of including milk composition (quality factors) in the MCP created a differential between milk of the highest and lowest quality that was more than twice that of using the PDP. This illustrates the importance of encouraging the adoption of MCP for dairy processors and farmers in Iran to take into account the pricing structure of the end-products. A more realistic pricing structure for milk based on the protein and fat content would encourage comparison of the value of different products (e.g. milk products vs. meat) for Iranian consumers.
Hamideh Keshavarzi; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Gholamreza Ghorbani; Rasoul Kowsar
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the incidence of abortion based on different definitions and, the effect of climate and herd size on abortion as well as its phenotypic trend. Using calving records collected from 16 dairy herds from years 2004 through 2014. Incidence rate and analysis of affecting ...
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This study was performed to investigate the incidence of abortion based on different definitions and, the effect of climate and herd size on abortion as well as its phenotypic trend. Using calving records collected from 16 dairy herds from years 2004 through 2014. Incidence rate and analysis of affecting factors on abortion were done using the FREQ and GENMOD procedures of SAS software, respectively. According to the definition of abortion as death and expulsion of fetus between 60-260 d, 100-260 d or 150-260 d of pregnancy, overall abortion incidence was 15.5%, 11.25% and 6.6%, respectively. Herd size, climate, parity, year and season of calving as well as the interaction of calving year × season and climate × calving year were associated with abortion (P < 0.001). Greatest abortion incidence was observed for second parity cows (28.7%). The highest and lowest rates of abortion (16.0 vs. 14.5%) happened in the mild and cold climate, respectively. Also, the larger herds, with more than 3000 cows, had almost 1% higher abortion incidence than smaller herds, with less than 1000 cows. The average rate of abortion incidence was highest in the spring and lowest in the autumn (17.8 vs. 13.5 %). According to the regression of least squares means on calving year, abortion incidence showed a positive and significant trend (P < 0.003) by 0.4 per year. The results of this study can be used in the analysis of management practices to control abortion.
Nima Naderi; Gholam-Reza Ghorbani; Ali Sadeghi Sefidmazgi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics, chemical composition and protein fractions of sugar beet pulp produced in Iran and comparing them with the tabular values of Cornell net Carbohydrate and Protein System. A total of 39 samples of 13 different sugar factories were ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics, chemical composition and protein fractions of sugar beet pulp produced in Iran and comparing them with the tabular values of Cornell net Carbohydrate and Protein System. A total of 39 samples of 13 different sugar factories were sampled from Iran-wide. Particle size distributions of samples were determined using the Penn State Particle Separator. Results showed that collected samples of sugar beet pulp had significantly (P < 0.01) greater CP (10.6 vs. 9.8) and EE (0.90 vs. .60) concentrations and lesser OM (92.9 vs. 94.7) and NDF (40.6 vs. 44.6) contents compared to the tabular values. Furthermore, sugar beet pulp, based on CP%, had greater soluble protein (39.2 vs. 26.5), A fraction (35.6 vs. 25.5), B1 fraction (3.6 vs. 1.0) and lesser B2 fraction (11.7 vs. 20.4) and B3 fraction (37.2 vs. 41.8) than the tabular values (P < 0.01). Accordingly, only 25 and 10% of collected samples had an equal value to the tabular values in terms of CP and NDF concentrations, respectively. Therefore, it is highly recommended that beet pulp is analyzed before balancing rations by nutrition consultants and/or dairy producers or average values resulted from this research are used at least in order to have more balanced diets.
Hadi Dashti; Ahmad Riasi; Mohammad Ali Edris; Golam-Reza Gohrbani; Hossein Omidi-Mirzaei
Abstract
The aim of this study was to consider reproductive performance parameters and blood progesterone concentration changes in high-producing dairy cows (39±2 kg per day) after artificial insemination, in summer and winter. 270 heads of Holstein dairy cattle were choose in three big dairy farms, and ...
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The aim of this study was to consider reproductive performance parameters and blood progesterone concentration changes in high-producing dairy cows (39±2 kg per day) after artificial insemination, in summer and winter. 270 heads of Holstein dairy cattle were choose in three big dairy farms, and blood samples were collected at days seven, ten and fourteen after artificial insemination. Temperature-humidity index was calculated according to one proposed formula (Dikmen and Hansen, 2009). The results showed that the maximum temperature–humidity index(THI) was 77.35 and 57.47 in summer and winter respectively. Pregnancy rates in cows inseminated during the winter months was significantly higher (p<0.01) than cows inseminated during the summer, and the effects of lactation on conception rate was significant in both seasons (p<0.01). Open days (101.18 vs. 165.07) and number of services per conception (2.05 vs. 3/48) in the winter were significantly lower than cows inseminated during the summer (p<0.01). In day 14 after insemination, blood serum progesterone concentration in cows inseminated in the winter was significantly higher (p<0.01) than summer. Results of this study showed that summer heat stress has significantly affects reproductive performance of dairy cows in central of Iran.
Ali Jabar Zareh; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Gholam Reza Ghorbani
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the reproductive consequences of using sex-sorted semen on sex ratio, conception rate and reproductive disorders (dystocia, abortion, stillbirth) in Holstein heifers. Reproduction performances records which were collected during 2006 to 2013 from 4 large dairy ...
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The objective of this study was to explore the reproductive consequences of using sex-sorted semen on sex ratio, conception rate and reproductive disorders (dystocia, abortion, stillbirth) in Holstein heifers. Reproduction performances records which were collected during 2006 to 2013 from 4 large dairy herds in Isfahan province of Iran were used and analyzed by GENMOD procedure of SAS software. Rate of female born of sexed semen (86.3%) was 1.8 times higher than those of conventional semen (48.5%). Conception rate was generally decreased in three first services from 61.0% to 47.2% (P<0.001) in group of using sexed semen. Use of sexed semen was significantly decreased the incidence of dystocia in heifers (from 20.3% to 16.8%). There was no significant difference in abortion and stillbirth incidences between two groups of semen (P>0.05). The results of this study can used for analyses of cost- revenue for using sex-sorted semen dairy herds.
ehsan kamalian; taghi ghourchi; mohammad khorvash; shahriar kragar; gholamreza ghorbani; saeed zeredaran; masoud boroumand
Abstract
Fifteen Holstein male calves (416 ± 35 kg initial BW; mean ± SD) were employed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square test to investigate the effect of partial replacement of barley grain by Wheat Factory Sewage (WFS) within three 22-d periods including 16 d of adaptation and 6 d of data collection. The ...
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Fifteen Holstein male calves (416 ± 35 kg initial BW; mean ± SD) were employed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square test to investigate the effect of partial replacement of barley grain by Wheat Factory Sewage (WFS) within three 22-d periods including 16 d of adaptation and 6 d of data collection. The basal diet (WFS0) consisted of 42.5% (DM basis) barley grain, partially replaced with either 23.5% WFS (WFS10) or 47% WFS (WFS20). Calves were fed ad-libitum once a day as total mixed ration with free access to water. Feeding WFS decreased dry matter intake as compared with WFS0 (10.0, 9.2 and 9.2 kg/d in WFS0, WFS10, and WFS20, respectively) but there was no difference observed between WFS supplemented diets. Body weight changes per period and average daily gains were not affected by dietary treatments but feed efficiency increased in calves fed WFS20 as compared with others. Including WFS increased nutrient digestibility coefficients as compared with WFS0 but there was no difference observed between WFS supplemented diets. Feeding WFS did not affect blood plasma metabolites expect for plasma insulin concentration which was decreased. Results indicated that partially replacing barley grain with WFS in male’s calves finishing diets reduced dry matter intake, but increased nutrient digestibility and thereby feed efficiency. In general, using wheat factory sewage as by-product replaced for grain in finishing diets can be justifiable on both productivity and from on economical point of view.
Seyed Meysam Tabatabaei; Yousef Rouzbehan; Gholamreza Ghorbani
Volume 42, Issue 2 , October 2011, , Pages 115-123
Abstract
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has recently been increasingly employed in preparation of balanced feed ration of dairy cattle in Iran. However, a lack of appropriate characterization of the feeds has restricted the model's application. This study was conducted to evaluate ...
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The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has recently been increasingly employed in preparation of balanced feed ration of dairy cattle in Iran. However, a lack of appropriate characterization of the feeds has restricted the model's application. This study was conducted to evaluate the protein contents of some feedstuffs (wheat bran, sugar beet pulp, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cottonseed whole, corn gluten meal, poultry offal meal, blood meal, canola meal and bagasse) commonly used in the cattle ration in Iran with characteristics needed as inputs for CNCPS. Based on data obtained from this work, the level of neutral detergent fibre, ether extract, crude protein, soluble protein, non protein nitrogen, soluble true protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein and acid detergent insoluble protein contents were numerically different from the records of CNCPS, the difference for which may be due to climate, agricultural practices, and storage conditions. Hence, the use of date obtained for the available feeds in place of CNCPS' tabular values is strongly recommended in formulating balanced rations. This would expectedly result in more efficient use and less waste of nutrients.
mehdi ganj khanloo; kamran reza yazdi; gholam reza ghorbani; hossein moravej; mehdi dehghan banadaki; mohammad reza emami
Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2009
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate production response of early lactating cows to rumen protected fats. Twelve (nine multiparous and three primiparous) Holstein cows (26±4 d in milk) were empolyed in a replicated 3×3 Latin Square Design of 21-d periods. Each period consisted of 14 days of adaptation ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate production response of early lactating cows to rumen protected fats. Twelve (nine multiparous and three primiparous) Holstein cows (26±4 d in milk) were empolyed in a replicated 3×3 Latin Square Design of 21-d periods. Each period consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Cows received diets containing either one of two types of protected fats or no supplemental fat. Cows in group 1 (control) were fed Total Mixed Ration (TMR) of 20% corn silage, 20% alfalfa hay, and 60% concentrate mix. Cows in group 2 were fed the TMR containing 3% prilled protected fat (Energizer-10). Cows in group 3 were fed the TMR containing 3.5% Ca salt of protected fat (Magnapac). Intake of Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) were decreased by rumen protected fat (P < 0.05) in multiparous cows (DMI: 25.7, 24.1, and 23.9 kg/d for control, prilled fat, and ca salt of fat, respectively); intake of NEL in all the cow population and intake of DM, OM and NDF in primiparous cows were similar for all diets (P > 0.05). Production of milk and 3.5% FCM in primiparous and multiparous cows as well as milk protein, fat, lactose and total solid percentages and yields (kg/d) were not affected by fat supplements (P > 0.05). The BCS and BW changes were similar for all diets in multiparous and primiparous cows (P > 0.05). In multiparous cows, feed efficiency (3.5% FCM/DMI) was higher for cows fed supplemental fat diets (P < 0.05) than for control samples. Fat fed cows were more efficient than those fed with control diet. In primiparous cows supplemental fat did not influence feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Fat supplements did not influence either chewing behavior or total time spent ruminating and eating (P > 0.05). The results indicate that supplementation of early lactating diet with rumen protected fat decreases feed intake and improves milk efficiency but this is not true for primiparous cows.
