Effect of iron removal from mineral premix and whole cotton seed supplementation as iron chelator on productive performance and health status of Holstein dairy cows during transition period and their calves

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

3 Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Shahrekord, Iran.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing iron from mineral premix before calving on the productive performance and health status of Holstein dairy cows during transition period. The ninety multiparous Holstein dairy cows entered the experiment -21 days before the expected calving and were randomly assigned to 3 experimental treatments. Treatments included: 1) control treatment: recipient of mineral supplement with iron (to supply iron requirement in the amount of 15 mg/kg; n = 30); 2) treatment without iron: recipient of mineral supplement without iron (n=30); 3) without supplemental iron treatment with cottonseed: recipient of mineral supplement without iron and 4.6% of cottonseed in the diet (n=30). Removing iron from mineral supplements with and without cottonseed had no significant effect on milk production, percentage and amount of milk fat, as well as the amount of milk protein. The somatic cell count (SCC) in the control treatments, without supplemental iron and without supplemental iron with cottonseed, were 471.48, 338.80 and 155.77 (103 per ml), respectively, which significantly decreased in the treatment without supplemental iron with cottonseed. Body weight changes after calving were also affected by experimental treatments. Removing iron from the mineral supplement along with cottonseed reduces the incidence of hypocalcemia. Total birth weight of both male and female calves, body length, hearth girth and days of diarrhea showed a significant difference between the treatments. Overall, the removal of supplemental iron along with cottonseed reduced the SCC and also improved the health status of cows and their calves.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing iron from mineral premix before calving on the productive performance and health status of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.

 

Material and method

The ninety multiparous Holstein dairy cows entered the experiment -21 days before the expected calving and were randomly assigned to 3 experimental treatments. Treatments include; 1) control treatment: recipient of mineral supplement with iron (to supply iron requirement in the amount of 15 mg/kg; n = 30); 2) treatment without iron: recipient of mineral supplement without iron (n=30); 3) without supplemental iron treatment with cottonseed: recipient of mineral supplement without iron and 4.6% of cottonseed in the diet (n=30).

 

Result

 The removal of supplemental iron, with and without cottonseed, resulted in a significant (P< 0.01) increase in serum glucose levels (55.40 vs. 57.17 and 59.80 mg/dL, respectively). Total protein concentration was similar between treatments (P = 0.97), but serum albumin tended to increase in experimental treatments (P = 0.09). The removal of supplemental iron, with and without cottonseed, did not affect serum iron, calcium, and magnesium concentrations (P < 0.05), but caused a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in serum ALT concentrations. Removing iron from mineral supplements with and without cottonseed had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on milk production, percentage and amount of milk fat, as well as the amount of milk protein. However, milk protein percentage tended to decrease by 0.21 and 0.22% in the treatments without supplemental iron and without supplemental iron with cottonseed compared to the control treatment (P = 0.07). The somatic cell count (SCC) in the control treatments, without supplemental iron and without supplemental iron with cottonseed, were 471.48, 338.80 and 155.77 (103 per ml), respectively, which significantly decreased in the treatment without supplemental iron with cottonseed (P = 0.04). Body weight changes after calving were also affected by experimental treatments (P < 0.01). Removing iron from the mineral supplement along with cottonseed reduces the incidence of hypocalcemia (P = 0.01). The control treatment showed a significantly (P = 0.01) 5.00 times higher incidence rate of hyperketonemia than the cottonseed. Total birth weight of both male and female calves, body length and hearth girth showed a significant difference between the treatments (P = 0.01). The withers height was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the treatment without iron added with cottonseed. Also, in calves, 5.09 times more days of diarrhea were observed in the control treatment (P = 0.01) and the treatment without supplemental iron (P = 0.05) compared to cottonseed.

 

Conclusion

    Overall, the removal of supplemental iron along with cottonseed reduced the SCC and also improved the health status of cows and their calves.

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Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 55, Issue 2
June 2024
Pages 383-400

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 August 2023
  • Revise Date: 13 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 18 October 2023

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