The effect of soybean meal processed with citric acid, on the performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial population in broiler chicks fed diets with different levels of protein

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

2 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acid hydrolyzed processing on the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) and its influence on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial population, digestive enzymes activity, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with diets containing different levels of crude protein. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens were used in a design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates per each during 1 to 42 days of age. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments including two types of SBM (raw and treated with 0.50% citric acid) and three inclusion rates of crude protein (90, 95 and 100 % of  requirements). The results showed that acid-treated SBM improved feed conversion ratio in broilers compared to raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). The decrease of protein requirements up to 90% declined growth performance of broilers compared to 95 and 100 % of requirements (P < 0.05). The villus length was greater in broiler chickens fed with acid-treated SBM compared with raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, reduction of protein requirements decreased the villus length, the ration of villus length to crypt depth and villus surface in broilers (P < 0.05). Acid processing of SBM increased digestibility coefficient of crude protein and protease and amylase activity in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). In addition, a decrease in protein digestibility and enzyme activity was observed in broilers fed low protein (90 % of the requirements) diet (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that acid processing of SBM improved its nutritional quality. Also, use of acid-treated SBM increased growth performance, intestinal morphometric indices, digestive enzymes activity and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens. In addition, reducing of crude protein requirements up to 95% in diets containing citric acid-treated SBM had not negative impact on growth performance in broiler chickens.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended abstract

Introduction

    Soy bean meal (SBM) is the most widely used source of protein in the livestock and poultry diets due to its suitable amino acid profile and high protein quality. The well balanced amino acids pattern and high digestibility of protein makes SBM a valuable protein source in diets for broiler chickens. On the other hand, the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) such as trypsin inhibitors (TI), lectins, and allergenic proteins including glycinin and conglycinin in SBM reduce nutrient utilization and thus growth performance of broiler chickens. Today, acidic processing is used to degradation and hydrolysis of biological polymers such as starch, proteins or cellulosic compounds in the food industry. Less information was found on the pretreatment of SBM by citric acids solution and efficacy of this strategy on the nutritional value of SBM. Therefore, it was hypothesized that acid processing in combination with use of low protein diets may have beneficial effects on broiler chickens performance.

 

Objective

    There is not sufficient information on nutritional value of SBM processed with citric acids. Therefore, it was hypothesized that acid processing in combination with reducing of dietary crude protein may have beneficial effects on broiler chickens performance.

 

Materials and methods

    In order to obtain acid hydrolyzed SBM, citric acid including 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% was used according to the previous procedure with some modifications. Three hundred of one-day-old male broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were provided from a commercial hatchery (Sari, Iran) and then randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. A 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments including two types of raw or acidic treated SBM and three levels of dietary crude protein (90, 95 and 100 % of requirements) was used. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial population and ileal nutrient digestibility were recorded.  Data was analyzed by SAS software.

 

Results

   The results showed that acid-treated SBM improved feed conversion ratio and villus length in broilers compared with raw-SBM group (P < 0.05). The decrease of protein requirements up to 90% declined growth performance of broilers compared to 95 and 100 % of requirements (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, reducing of protein requirements decreased the villus length, villus length to crypt depth and villus surface area in broilers (P < 0.05). Acid processing of SBM increased digestibility coefficient of crude protein and protease and amylase activity in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). In addition, a decrease in protein digestibility and enzyme activity was observed in broilers fed low protein diet (90 % of the requirements) (P < 0.05).

 

Conclusion

    According to the results of the present experiment, acid-hydrolyzed SBM had a beneficial impact on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. In addition, reduction of crude protein requirements up to 95% in diets containing citric acid-treated SBM had not negative impact on growth performance in broiler chickens.

 

 

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Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 55, Issue 2
June 2024
Pages 193-210

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 26 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 29 August 2022

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