Iranian Journal of animal Science

Iranian Journal of animal Science

Growth performance, blood indices, immune response, nutrient digestibility and ‎intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed processed quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)‎

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Atefeh Nokandi 1
Seyyed Javad Hosseini-Vashan 2
Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi 3
Hossein Naeimipour-Yonesi 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Poultry Production Management and Husbandry, Animal Science Department, ‎University of Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
10.22059/ijas.2021.312487.653808
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the application of different levels of peeled and washed quinoa seeds on growth performance, immune response, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in broilers. A total 280 Ross 308, one day old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, four replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. Experimental groups consisted of seven groups; fed 4, 8 and 12% peeled quinoa, or 4, 8 and 12% washed quinoa, and one control group. The results showed that using 4% peeled quinoa significantly increased the body weight and the feed intake. Broiler fed 4% peeled quinoa had lower FCR compare to the control (P<0.05). The using of 4% peeled quinoa increased the relative weight of carcass components including the breast and thigh (P<0.05) but decreased abdominal fat compared to the control group (P<0.05). The relative weight of bursa was higher in chicks fed different levels of quinoa (P<0.05). At 42 days of age the quinoa had no effect on the titer of immunoglobulin M and G index but increased total anti-SRBC index in broilers fed different levels of processed quinoa, compared to control (P<0.05). Quinoa reduced the concentration of cholesterol and LDL in broiler chicks (P<0.05). The processed quinoa at 4% increased the villus height and crypt depth (P <0.05), but did not affect the villus width of jejunum of broilers. It is concluded that using peeled and washed quinoa at 4% improved growth performance of broiler chickens. However, up to 12% washed or peeled quinoa had no negative effect on growth performance, and may decrease abdominal fat and blood lipid and may increase immune response of broiler chickens.
Keywords
Carcass efficiency
cholesterol
crypt depth
feed conversion ratio
quinoa
  1. Abugoch James, L.E. (2009). Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): composition, chemistry, nutritional and functional properties. Advance in Food and Nutrition Research, 58,1-31.
  2. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)., 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. AOAC international, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
  3. Easssawy, M. M. T., Abdel-Moneim M. A.& ElChaghaby, G. A. (2016). The use of quinoa seeds extract as a natural antioxidant in broilers’ diets and its effect on chickens’ performance and meat quality. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 7(5), 173-180.
  4. FAO. (2011). Quinoa: An ancient crop to contribute to world food security. Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean. 63.
  5. Filho, A.M.M., Pirozi, M.R., Borges, J.T.D.S., Pinheiro Sant'Ana, H.M., Chaves, J.B.P. & Coimbra, J.S.D.R. (2017). Quinoa: nutritional, functional, and antinutritional aspects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 57(8), 1618-1630.
  6. Ghaznavi, T., Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Afzali, N. & Ghiasi, S.E. (2017). Effect of processed pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium on performance, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant balance in laying hens. Animal Science Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 117, 103-116.
  7. Graf, B.L., Rojo, L.E., Delatorre-Herrera, J., Poulev, A., Calfio, C. & Raskin, I., (2015). Phytoecdysteroids and flavonoid glycosides among Chilean and commercial sources of Chenopodium quinoa: variation and correlation to physicochemical characteristics. Journal Science and Food Agricultural, 96(2), 33-43.
  8. Ho, S.S. & Pal, S. (2005). Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal cells. Atherosclerosis, 182(1), 29-36.
  9. Hosseini-Vashan, S. J. & Raei-Moghadam, S.M. (2019). Antioxidant and immune system status, plasma lipid, abdominal fat, and growth performance of broilers exposed to heat stress and fed diets supplemented with pomegranate pulp (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47, 521-531.
  10. Improta, F. & Kellems, R.O. (2001). Comparison of raw, washed and polished quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to wheat, sorghum or maize based diets on growth and survival of broiler chicks. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 13(1), 10-21.
  11. Jacobsen, E.E., Skadhauge, B. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (1997). Effect of dietary inclusion of quinoa on broiler growth performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 65(1-4),5-14.
  12. Jacobsen, S. E., Espinoza, C. & Repo-Carrasco, R. (2003). Nutritional Value and Use of the Andean Crops Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and Kan˜iwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule). Journal Food Reviews International, 19(1-2), 179-189.
  13. Kim, S.K., Byun, H.G., Park, P.J. & Shahidi, F. (2001). Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides purified from bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(6), 2992-2997.
  14. Koziol, M.J. (1992). Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5(1), 35-68.
  15. Laudadio, V., Passantino, L., Perillo, A., Lopresti, G., Passantino, A., Khan, R. U. & aTufarelli, V. (2012). Productive performance and histological features of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels. Poultry Science, 91(1), 265-270.
  16. Lei, X.J., Yun, H.M. & Kim, I.H. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation of natural and fermented herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(4), 984-993.
  17. Liu, T., Li, Z., Wang, T. & Zhu, X. (2016). Effects of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism in broilers. Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 6, 546-551.
  18. Mahmodi, R., Tajik, H., Farshid, A., Ehsani, A., Zaree, P. & Moradi, M. (2011). Phytochemical properties of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil and its antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus Aureus. Armaghane Danesh, 16 (5), 400-412.
  19. Marangoni, F. & Poli, A. (2010). Phytosterols and cardiovascular health. Pharmacological Research, 61(3), 193-199.
  20. Marino, R., Caroprese, M., Annicchiarico, G., Ciampi, F., Ciliberti, M.G., Malva., A.D., Santillo, A., Sevi, A. & Albenzio, M. (2018). Effect of diet supplementation with quinoa seed and/or linseed on immune response, productivity and meat quality in merinos derived lambs. Animals, 8, 204.
  21. Matiacevich S. B., Castellión, M. L., Maldonado, S. B. & Buera, M. P. (2006). Water dependent thermal transitions in quinoa embryos. Thermochimica Acta, 448, 117-122.
  22. Mustafa, S., Tariq, Z., Riaz, A., Shareef, M., Masoud, M.A.R. & Sabir, Z. (2019). laboratory scale study on the effect of feeding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as meal on serum biochemistry of broiler. Pure and Applied Biology, 8(4), 2326-2332.
  23. NaVarli, S. & Nevin, S. (2016). Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of Cereal Science, 69, 371-376.
  24. Nelson, N. A., Lakshmanan, N. & Lamont, S. J. (1995). Sheep red blood cell and Brucella abortus antibody responses in chickens selected for multitrait immunocompetence. Poultry Science, 74 (10), 1603-1609.
  25. Olukosi, O.L., Walker, R.L., Jos, G.M. & Houdijk, J.G.M. (2019). Evaluation of the nutritive value of legume alternatives to soybean meal for broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 98(11), 5778-578.
  26. Outi, E. M., Emanuele, Z. & Elke, K. A. (2015). Modifying the cold gelation properties of quinoa protein isolate: influence of heat-denaturation ph in the alkaline rang. Plant Foods Human Nutrition, 70, 250-256.
  27. Pasko, P., Zagrodzki, P., Barton, H., Chlopicka, J. & Gorinstein, S. (2010). Effect of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa) in diet on some biochemical parameters and essential elements in blood of high fructose-fed rats. Plant Foods Human Nutrition, 65 (4), 333-338.
  28. Pelicano, E.R.L., Souza, P.A., Souza, H.B.A., Figueiredo, D.F., Boiago, M.M., Carvalho, S.R. & Bordon, V.F. (2005). Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 7, 221-229.
  29. Pisoschi, A.M., Pop, A., Cimpeanu, C. & Predoi, G. (2016). Antioxidant capacity determination in plants and plant-derived products: A review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 3, 1-36.
  30. Reichert, R.D., Tatarynovichm, J.T. & Tyler, R.T. (1986). Abrasive dehulling of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): effect on saponin content as determined by an adapted hemolytic assay. Cereal Chemistry, 63, 471-475.
  31. Ruales, J. & Nair, B. M. (1992). Nutritional quality of the protein in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd) seeds. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 42, 1-11.
  32. Ruales, J., Grijalva, Y., Lopez-Jaramillo, P. & Nair, B. M. (2002). The nutritional quality of an infant food from quinoa and its effect on the plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in undernourished children. Food Science Nutrition, 53, 143-154.
  33. Ruales, J. & Nair, B. M. (1993). Content of fat, vitamins and minerals in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) seeds. Food Chemistry, 48, 131-136.
  34. Ruales, J. & Nair, B. M. (1994). Properties of starch and dietary fibre in raw and processed quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd) seeds. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 45, 223-246.
  35. Rubio, L.A. Brenes, A. & Centeno, C. (2003). Effects of feeding growing broiler chickens with practical diets containing sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal. British Poultry Science, 178, 391-397.
  36. Ryan, E., Galvin, K., O'Connor, T.P., Maguire, A.R. & O'Brien, N.M. (2007). Phytosterol, squalene, tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of selected seeds, grains, and legumes. Plant Foods Human Nutrition, 62, 85-91.
  37. Scalbert, A., Manach, C., Morand, C., Remesy, C. & Jimenez, L. (2005). Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 45, 287-306.
  38. Sepahvand, N. & Sarhangi, M. (2012) Quinoa, new crop with high genetic 32. diversity, nutritional crop in Iran. The 12th Iranian Genetic Congress. p5.
  39. Sharifian, M., Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Fathi Nasri, M.H. & Perai, A.H., (2019). Pomegranate peel extract for broiler chickens under heat stress: Its influence on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, immunity, jejunal morphology, and meat quality. Livestock Science, 227, 22-28.
  40. Takao, T., Watanabe, N., Yuhara, K., Itoh, S., Suda, S., Tsuruoka, Y., Nakatsugawa, K. & Konishi, Y. (2005). Hypocholesterolemic effect of protein isolated from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) seeds. Food Science Technology Research, 11, 161-167.
  41. Tang, H., Watanabe, K. & Mitsunaga, T. (2002).Characterization of storage starches from quinoa, barley and adzuki seeds. Carbohydrate Polymer, 49 (1), 13-22.
  42. Valencia, S., Svanberg, U., Sandberg, A. S. & Ruales, J. (1999). Processing of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): effects on in vitro iron availability and phytate hydrolysis. Food Sciences and Nutrition, 50, 203-211.
  43. Valencia-Chamorro, S.A. (2003). Quinoa. In: Caballero B. Food Science and Nutrition, 8, 4895-4902.
  44. Vega-Gálvez, A., Miranda, M., Vergara, J., Uribe, E., Puente, L. & Martínez, E. A. (2010). Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), an ancient Andean grain: a review. Science Food Agriculture, 90 (15), 2541-2547.
  45. Wu, J. & Ding, X. (2001). Hypotensive and physiological effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from soy protein on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Agriculture Food Chemistry, 49 (1), 501-506.
  46. Zhou, A.R. & Cha, X. (2000) Biochemistry. Beijing: people's medical publishing house. 130-377.
Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 51, Issue 4
Winter 2021
Pages 285-297

  • Receive Date 01 November 2020
  • Revise Date 14 December 2020
  • Accept Date 03 January 2021