The effect of soybean hull as a fiber source in suckling calves starter on ‎performance, blood metabolites and nutrients digestibility ‎

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean hull as fiber source on growth performance, some blood metabolites, and nutrients digestibility in Holstein suckling calves. Thirty-two Holstein (male and female) calves (average weight 40 kg ± 0.5) were selected and allocated to one of the four treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design for 75 days. Treatments were: 1) basal diet with 10% alfalfa from 40 days old, 2) basal diet with 10% alfalfa hay from 1 day of old, 3) basal diet with 5% alfalfa + 5% soybean hull from 1 day old and 4) basal diet with 10% soybean hull from 1 day of old. The results showed that experimental treatments had a significant effect on final body weight of calves on the end of the period. Daily weight gain was highest for treatment 4 (basal diet with 5% soybean and 5% alfalfa from 1 day) in the second month and total period of breeding and for treatment 3 (basal diet with 10% soybean hull from 1 day old) in the first month (P<0.05). The use of forage and non-forage fibers in the basal diet of calves had not significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Experimental diets did not affect significantly body growth parameters (breast, body length and body height) (P<0.05).The experimental diets had no effect on blood cholesterol, albumin, total protein and urea. However, glucose, triglyceride and beta hydroxy butyrate (BHBA) concentrations were affected by experimental diets (P<0.05). The source of non-forage fiber and forage had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter, crude fat and nutral detergent fiber whereas digestibility of crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates affected significantly (P<0.05). The results of this study suggested that replacement of alfalfa hay with soy hull as fiber source had no adverse effect on blood parameters and growth performance and it can be considered as a fiber source for sucking calves.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdelgadir, I. E. O., Morrill, J. L. & Higgins, J. J. (1996). Effect of roasted soybeans and corn on performance and ruminal and blood metabolites of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science,79, 465-474.
  2. Anderson, K. L., Nagaraja, T. G., Morrill, J. L., Avery, T. B., Galitzer, S. J. & Boyer, J. E. (1987). Ruminal microbial development in conventionally or early weaned calves. Journal of Animal Science, 64, 1215-1226.
  3. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. (17th ed.), Arlington.
  4. Bashtani, M., Saremi, B. & Nasserian, A. A. (2015). Management, Nutrition and Breeding of calves. (1st Ed.), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.
  5. Behgar, M., Valizadeh, R., Mirzaee, M., Naserian, A. A. & Nasiri, M. R. (2009). Physical and chemical properties of some no forage fibers and the effect of them on the fermentative and productive parameters of dairy cows. Ph.D. thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Faculty of Agriculture. (in Farsi)
  6. Bjorklund, E. A., Heins, B. J. & Chester-Jones, H. (2013). Whole-milk feeding duration, calf growth, and profitability of group-fed calves in an organic production system. Journal of Dairy Science, 96, 7363-7370.
  7. Castells, L., Bach, A., Araujo, G., Montoro, C. & Terré, M. (2012). Effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science, 95, 286-293.
  8. Chua, B., Coenen, E., Van Delen, J. & Weary, D. M. (2002). Effects of pair versus individual housing on the behavior and performance of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 360-364.
  9. Cunningham, K. D., Cecava, M. J. & Johnson, T. R. (1993). Nutrient digestion, nitrogen, and amino acid flows in lactating cows fed soybean hulls in place of forage or concentrate. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 3523-3535.
  10. Firkins, J. L. (1997). Effects of feeding no forage fiber sources on site of fiber digestion. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1426-1437.
  11. Fisher, L. J. (1982). The effect of alfalfa as a source of fiber in starter diets for heifer calves. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 62, 459-465.
  12. Grant, R. J. (1997). Interactions among forages and non-forage fiber sources. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1438-1446
  13. Greenwood, R. H., Morrill, J. L., Titgemeyer, E. C. & Kennedy, G. A. (1997). A new method of measuring diet abrasion and its effect on the development of the fore stomach. Journal of Animal Science, 80, 2534-2541.
  14. Grigsby, K. N., Kerley, M. S., Paterson, J. A. & Weigel, J. C. (1992). Site and extent of nutrient digestion by steers fed a low-quality bromegrass hay diet with incremental levels of soybean hull substitution. Journal of Animal Science, 70, 1941-1949.
  15. Halachmi, I., Maltz, E., Livshin, N., Antler, A., Ben-Ghedalia, D. & Miron, J. (2004). Effects of replacing roughage with soy hulls on feeding behavior and milk production of dairy cows under hot weather conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 2230-2238
  16. Haskins, B. R., Wise, M. B., Crsic, H. B., Blumer, T. N. & Barrick, E. R. (1969). Effect of adding low levels of roughage or roughage substitutes to high energy rations for fattening steers. Journal of Animal Science, 29, 345-353.
  17. Heinrichs, A. J., Wells, S. J. & Losinger, W. C. (1995). A study of the use of milk replacer for dairy calves in the United States. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 2831-2837.
  18. Hill, T. M., Bateman, H. G., Aldrich, J. M. & Schlotterbeck, R. L. (2008). Effects of the amount of chopped hay or cottonseed hulls in a textured calf starter on young calf performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 2684-2693.
  19. Khan, M. A., Weary, D. M. & Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2011). Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 3547-3553.
  20. Lammers, B. P., Heinrichs, A. J. & Aydin, A. (1998). The effect of whey protein concentration or dried skim milk in milk replacer on calf performance and blood metabolites. Journal of Animal Science, 81, 1940-1945.
  21. Maktabi, E., Ghasemi, M. & Khorvash, M. (2016). Effects of substituting grain with forage or nonforage fiber source on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and chewing activity of dairy calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 22, 70-78.
  22. McBurney, M. I., Van Soest, P. J. & Chase, L. E. (1983). Cation exchange capacity and buffering capacity of neutral detergent fibers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34, 910-916.
  23. Miller, W. J., Martin Y. G., Fowler, P. R. (1969). Effects of addition of fiber to simplified and to complex starters fed to young dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 52, 672-676.
  24. Mollanorozi, A., Bashtani, M., Naserian, A. A. & Farhangfar, H. (2014). Response of performance of Holstein female calves after milk to start making a concentrate containing bran and beet pulp. In: Proceedings of the 6th Iranian Congress of Animal Sciences, 27-28 August Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran,
  25. Salariyania, A., Fathi N., Farhang Far, M. H., Naeimipour, H. & Younessi, H. (2013). Effect of two different levels of dietary fiber starting on feed intake, daily gain, feed intake and rumen properties Holstein dairy cattle. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 4, 334-323. (in Farsi)
  26. Saremi, B. & Naserian, A. A. E. (2007). Effect of nutritional management on rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites, type and growth in Holstein female calves. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 2(4), 149-161. (in Farsi)
  27. Sarwar, Y., Firkins, J. L. & Eastrige, M. L. (1992). Effects of varying forage and concentrate carbohydrates on nutrient digestibilities and milk production by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(6), 1533-1542. (in Farsi)
  28. Stone, W. C. (1996). Applied topics in dairy cattle nutrition. 1. Soyhulls as Either Forage or Concentrate Replacement. Ph.D. thesis. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
  29. Thomas, D. B. & Hinks, C. E. (1982). The effect of changing the physical form of roughage on the performance of the early-weaned calf. Animal Production, 35, 375-384.
  30. Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  31. Vankeulan, J. V. & Young, B. A. (1977). Evaluation of acid- insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science, 44, 282.
  32. Weidner, S. J. & Grant, R. J. (1994). Altered ruminal mat consistency by high percentages of soybean hull fed to lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 522-532.
Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 50, Issue 3
December 2019
Pages 239-247

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 February 2019
  • Revise Date: 01 October 2019
  • Accept Date: 17 November 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics