Iranian Journal of animal Science

Iranian Journal of animal Science

Effect of methanolic and aqueous extraction and yaghooti grape pulp (V. venifera) in comparison with commercial antioxidants (BHT) on performance, immunity responses, serum antioxidant activity and cecum bacterial population of Broilers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mahdi Hedayati 1
Milad Manafi 2
Shadi Almasi 3
Rouhollah Karimi 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 Fromer M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Iran
10.22059/ijas.2018.243113.653565
Abstract
The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of methanolic and aqueous extraction of Yaghooti grape and Yaghooti grape pulp (V. venifera) compared to a commercial antioxidants (BHT) on Performance, Immunity Responses, serum antioxidant activity and cecum bacterial population of Broilers. One hundred and fifty day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments, 3 replicated in each treatment and 10 chicks per each replicate in a completely randomized design for 42 days. The experimental treatments consisted of: control (basal diet without additive); basal diet with 150 ppm grape methanolic extract; basal diet with 3% grape pulp; basal diet with 3% grapes aqueous extract and basal diet with 200 ppm BHT as commercial antioxidants. The results showed that use of 150ppm grape methanolic extract had a significant effect on immune response against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses compared to the control group. The use of aqueous extracts, pulp and methanolic extract led to a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group. Also, use of grape methanolic extract reduced the lipid peroxidation of membranes significantly. The use of 150 ppm grape methanolic extract significantly reduced the Salmonella, Escherichia coli and coliforms in cecum of broiler chicks. It can be concluded that pulp, Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Yaghooti grape could be considered as a suitable substitute for BHT commercial antioxidant.
Keywords
Antioxidant activity
Broilers
grape
Immunity
Performance
  1. Abdolkarimi, R. & Daneshyar, M. (2010). Effects of various levels of Tymuse Vulgarise extract on immune system of broiler chickens. Journal Animal Science, 52(1), 172-174. (in Farsi)
  2. Akowuah, G. A., Ismail, Z., Norhayati, I. & Sadikun, A. (2005). The effects of different extraction solvents of varying polarities on polyphenols of Orthosiphon stamineus and evaluation of the free radical-scavenging activity. Journal Food Chemistry, 93(2), 311-317.
  3. Alipour, D. & Rouzbehan, Y. (2007). Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of Polyethylene glycol on invitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Journal Animal Feed Science and Technology, 137(2), 138-149.
  4. Alirezaei, M., Dezfoulian, O., Kheradmand, A., Neamati, S., Khonsari, A. & Pirzadeh, A. (2012). Hepatoprotective effects of purified oleuropein from olive leaf extract against ethanol-induced damages in   the rat. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 13(3), 218-226.
  5. Almajano, M. P., Carbo´, R., Jime´nez, AL. & Gordon, M. H. (2008). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tea infusions. Journal Food chemistry, 108(1), 55-63.
  6. AOAC. (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed. AOAC, Washington, D.C., USA.
  7. Arumugam, P., Ramamurthy, P. & Ramesh, A. (2012). Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Fractions of Mentha Spicata L. (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Food Properties, 13(1), 1465-1475.
  8. Bagchi, D., Sen, C. K., Ray, S. D., Das, D. K., Bagchi, M. & Preuss, H. G. (2003). Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Journal Mutation research, 523(12), 87-97.
  9. Bahrami, Y., Foroozandeh, A. D., Zamani, F., Modarresi, M., Eghbal-Saeid, S. & Chekani-Azar, S. (2010). Effect of diet with varying levels of dried grape pomace on dry matter digestibility and growth   performance of male lambs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 6(1), 605-610.
  10. Brenes, A., Viveros, A., Goni, I., Centeno, C., Sayago-Ayerdy, S. G., Arija, I. & SauraCalixto, F. (2008). Effect of grape pomace concentrate and vitamin E on digestibility of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in chickens. Journal Poultry Science, 87(2), 307-316.
  11. Doostar, Y. & Mohajeri, D. (2009). Antioxidant effect of extract the grape seed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of research in medical sciences, 12(1), 38-44. (in Farsi(
  12. Du, Y., Guo, H. & Lou, H. (2007). Grape seed polyphenols cardiac cells from apoptosis via induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(5), 1695-1701.
  13. Ertas, O. N. Guler, T. Ciftci, M. Dalkilic, B. & Simsek, U. G. (2005). The effect of an essential oil Mix Derived from organo, clove and Anis on Broiler Performance. Journal of Poultry Science, 4(5), 879-884.
  14. Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R. J. & Zoliner, H. (1991). Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 11(1), 81-128.
  15. Fasseas, M. K. K. C., Mountzouris, P., Tarantilis, A., Polissiou, M. & Zervas, G. (2007). Antioxidant activity in meat treated with oregano and sage essential oils. Journal Food Chemistry, 106(3), 1188-1194.
  16. Ghalamkari, G. H., Toghyani, M., Tavalaeian, E., Landy, N., Ghalamkari, Z. & Radnezhad, H. (2011). Efficiency of different levels of Satureja hortensis L. (Savory) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter on performance, carcass traits, immune responses and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(61), 13318-13323.
  17. Goel, V., Chang, C., Slama, J. V., Barton, R., Bauer, R., Gahler, R. & Basu, T. K. (2002). Alkylimides of Echinacea purpurea stimulate alveolar macrophage function in normal rats. International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 2(3), 381-387.
  18. Irina, C. C., Marius, I. U. & Adriana, M. (2009). Antioxidant effects of grape seed extractin a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes and vascular research, 6(3), 200-204.
  19. John, S., Kale, M., Rathore, N. & Bhatnagar, D. (2001). Protective effect of vitamine E in dimethoate and Malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 12(9), 500-504.
  20. Kang, H. J., Chawla, S. P., Jo, C., Kwon, J. H. & Byun, M. W. (2006). Studies on the development of functional powder from citrus peel. Bioresource Technology, 97(4), 614-620.
  21. Kennedy, J. A. (2008). Grape and wine phenolics: observations and recent findings. Food Science and Technology, 35(2), 107-120.
  22. Kono, Y. & Fridovich, I. (1982). Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257(10), 5751-5754.
  23. Luna, A., Lábaque, M. C., Zygadlo, G. A. & Marin, R. M. (2010). Effects of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat. Journal of Poultry Science, 89(2), 366-370.
  24. Marin, F. R., Rivas, C., Garcia, O. B., Castillo, J. & Perez-Alvarez J. A. (2007). By-products from different citrus processes as a source of customized functional fibers. Journal Food Chemistry, 100(2), 736-741.  
  25. Margeretha, I., Suniarti, D., Herda, E. & Alim Masud, Z. (2012). Optimization and comparative study of different extraction methods of biologically active components of Indonesian propolis Trigona spp. Journal of Natural Products, 5(28), 233-242.
  26. Michiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint, O. & Remacle, J. (1994). Importance of Se-glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell cervival against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 17(3), 235-48.
  27. Najifi, p. & Torki, M. (2010). Performance, blood metabolitesand immunecompetance of broiler chicks fed diets included essentialoils of medicinal herbs. Journal of Animal and veterinary Advances, 5(9), 1164-1168.
  28. Negi, P. S. (2012). Review Plant extracts for the control of bacterial growth: Efficacy, stability and safety issues for food application. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 156(1), 7-17.
  29. Payvastagan, S., Farhoomand, P., Shahrooz, R., Delfani, N. & Talatapeh, A. (2012). The effects of different levels of canola meal and copper on performance, susceptibility to ascites and plasma enzyme activities in broiler chickens. Journal Animals of biological research, 5(2), 5252-5258.
  30. Puiggros, F., Sala, E. & Vaqué, M. (2009). In Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies of Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Regulation by Molecules in Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(9), 3934-3942.
  31. Rahman, I. & MacNee, W. (1996). Role of oxidants/ antioxidants in smoking-induced lung diseases. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 21(5), 669-681.
  32. Rehani­Mohassess, A. (2011). Effect of different levels of Mentha and Ajowan on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 16(3), 12-18.
  33. Rouzbehan, Y., Alipour, D., Bazegar, M. & Azizi, M. H. (2008). Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of grape pomace. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(3), 69-74. (in Farsi)
  34. Safa, M. A. (2014). Effect of using ginger powder as natural feed additive on performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks. Journal of Poultry Science, 6(3), 231-242.
  35. 34.
  36. Sahin, K., Sahin, N. & Kucuk, O. (2003). Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32 ◦C). Journal Nutrition Research, 23(2), 225-238.
  37. Saleh, H., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Taher­Mirakzehi, M. & Agah, M. J. (2015). Effect of natural antioxidant on the immune response, antioxidant enzymes and hematological broilers chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 11(3), 67-79. (in Farsi)
  38. Sarica, S., Ciftci, A., Demir, E., Kilinc, K. & Yildirim, Y. (2005). Use of antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets. South African Journal of Animal Science, 35(1), 61-72.
  39. Svensson, E. Sinervo, B. & Comendant, T. (2001). Density dependent competition and selection on immune function in genetic lizard morphs. Journal Proceeding National Academy Science, 55(2), 2053-2069.
  40. Si, W., Gong, J., Tsao, R., Zhou, T., Yu, H., Poppe, C., Johnson, R. & Du, Z. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives towards selected pathogenic and beneficial gut bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100(2), 296-305.
  41. Taraz, Z., Shams­Shargh, M., Samadi, F., Ebrahimi, P. & Zerehdaran, S. (2016). Comparing antibacterial effect of different extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and its effects on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal microflora population in broiler chicks exposed to heat stress. Animal Production Research, 4(4), 37-45. (in Farsi)
  42. Wang, L., Piao, X. L., Kim, S. W., Piao, X. S., Shen, Y. B. & Lee, H. S. (2008). Effects of Forsythia suspensa extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant activities in broiler chickens under high ambient temperature. Journal Poultry Science, 87(7), 1287-1294.
  43. Williams, G. M., Iatropoulos, M. J. & Whysner, J. (1999). Safety assessment of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxyl toluene as antioxidant food additives. Journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, 37(9), 1027-1038.
  44. Zare­Zade, S., Oostaei­Ali Mehr, M., Alizadeh, A. R. & Mohammadi­Ghysar, M. (2013). The effect of the addition of green tea and fish oil to diet of broiler on the performance and response of humoral immunity against Newcastle. Journal Animal Production Research, 1(4), 1-13. (in Farsi)
  45. Zengting, S., Xiaofang, D., Jianming, T. & Zhihong, W. (2013).In Sacco evaluation of ruminal degradability of waste vinegar residue as a feedstuff for ruminants. Journal Animal Production Science, 53(4), 292-298.
  46. Zhang, Z., Liao, L., Moore, J., Wu, T. & Wang, Z. (2009). Antioxidant phenolic compounds from Walnut kernels (Juglans regia L.). Journal Food Chemistry, 113(1), 160-165.
  47. Zomaravwi, W. B. (2013). Respons of broiler chicks and laying hens to dieatery ginger (Ziangbir officinal) root powder. Thesis submitted to university of Khartoum in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in poultry production. Journal Poultry Science, 7(4), 127-143.
Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 48, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
Autumn 2017
Pages 439-451

  • Receive Date 17 October 2017
  • Revise Date 07 January 2018
  • Accept Date 08 January 2018