Feeding Walnut and Green Tea Ethanolic Extracts to Mitigate Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation Parameters in vitro

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD graduate, Department of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Associate. Professor of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural science Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Professor of animal nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural science Urmia University, Urmia, Ira

4 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of walnut leaf and green tea leaf extract on rumen fluid fermentation parameters,, in vitro. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments included: 1) Control group ; 2) Group receiving hydroalcoholic walnut leaf extract at a level of 100 mg/kg of live body weight; 3) Group receiving hydroalcoholic green tea leaf extract at a level of 100 mg/kg of live body weight; and 4) Group receiving an equal mixture (1:1) of both of the extracts. The extracts were administered to the sheep twice daily before the morning and evening feedings. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.1 (2003) and the GLM procedure. The results showed that the control group had the highest gas production, while the group receiving the mixture of walnut and green tea leaf extracts had the lowest potential gas production (A). The lag phase (L) was highest in the groups receiving walnut leaf extract and the mixture of walnut and green tea leaf extracts. The molar ratio of acetate significantly decreased, while the molar ratio of propionate increased. Propionate levels were highest in the groups receiving the mixture of both extracts and walnut leaf extract (29.99 and 27.70, respectively), and the lowest levels were observed in the control (24.81) and green tea leaf extract (24.68) groups (P < 0.0002).

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Iranian Journal of animal Science

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 26 August 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 11 August 2025
  • Accept Date: 18 August 2025

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