Maryam Sahebi Ala; Farokh Kafilzadeh; Masoumeh Heydari
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical and chemical processing on crude protein fractions of two varieties of canola (Okapi and Modena) and safflower (62 and Zarfan) seed using cornel net carbohydrate and protein system and on protein subunits using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical and chemical processing on crude protein fractions of two varieties of canola (Okapi and Modena) and safflower (62 and Zarfan) seed using cornel net carbohydrate and protein system and on protein subunits using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Formaldehyde was used as chemical treatment, while toasting and autoclaving were used as physical treatments. In vitro protein fractionations were determined to find out the contribution of different protein fractions (A, B1, B2, B3, C and NDIP). Results showed that there was significant difference in OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF in canola and safflower seeds (p<0.001). The proportion of soluble crude protein fraction (SCP) decreased while B2and B3 fractions increased as the result of processing. Formaldehyde had a more significant impact than the other two treatments. The SDS-PAGE pattern of varieties showed that treatment with toasting had no effect on protein bands in canola and safflower varieties while autoclaving resulted in the disappearance of some bands and formaldehyde resulted in the disappearance of all bands with molecular weights higher than 14.4 KD in canola but not in safflower varieties.
Seyed Meysam Tabatabaei; Yousef Rouzbehan; Gholamreza Ghorbani
Volume 42, Issue 2 , October 2011, , Pages 115-123
Abstract
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has recently been increasingly employed in preparation of balanced feed ration of dairy cattle in Iran. However, a lack of appropriate characterization of the feeds has restricted the model's application. This study was conducted to evaluate ...
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The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has recently been increasingly employed in preparation of balanced feed ration of dairy cattle in Iran. However, a lack of appropriate characterization of the feeds has restricted the model's application. This study was conducted to evaluate the protein contents of some feedstuffs (wheat bran, sugar beet pulp, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cottonseed whole, corn gluten meal, poultry offal meal, blood meal, canola meal and bagasse) commonly used in the cattle ration in Iran with characteristics needed as inputs for CNCPS. Based on data obtained from this work, the level of neutral detergent fibre, ether extract, crude protein, soluble protein, non protein nitrogen, soluble true protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein and acid detergent insoluble protein contents were numerically different from the records of CNCPS, the difference for which may be due to climate, agricultural practices, and storage conditions. Hence, the use of date obtained for the available feeds in place of CNCPS' tabular values is strongly recommended in formulating balanced rations. This would expectedly result in more efficient use and less waste of nutrients.
Hamed Khalilvand Behroozyar; Mahdi Dehghan Banadaki; Kamran RezaYazdi
Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2011, , Pages 391-403
Abstract
Effects of Condensed Tannins (CT) on crude protein availability in sainfoin hay was investigated according to most popular ruminant feeding systems. Different treatments including Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW), sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, wood ash, water and urea, were ...
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Effects of Condensed Tannins (CT) on crude protein availability in sainfoin hay was investigated according to most popular ruminant feeding systems. Different treatments including Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW), sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, wood ash, water and urea, were applied for deactivation of CT Crude protein fractioning was determined using nylon bag technique, AFRC and CNCPS systems. Total phenolic compounds, total tannin and condensed tannin content of control hay were 39.4, 38.5 and 21.3 g/kg DM, respectively. PEG and water treatments resulted in higher CT deactivation values as compared with other treatments. Ruminal crude protein degradability, effective degradability and metabolizable protein content, in sainfoin hay, significantly increased with tannin deactivation. Condensed tannin deactivation, caused the reduction of C fraction in CNCPS while increasing crude protein availability. It can be concluded that deactivation of condensed tannins could lead to an increase in crude protein availability in sainfoin hay. Nonetheless PEG, water and wood ash are the most effective in increasing nitrogen availability. No chemicals are employed in water treatment, it benefits from economic justification and ease of use, and is finally concluded as a low cost practical procedure for the processing of sainfoin on the farm.
Mohsen Samiee Zafarghandi; Taghi Ghoorchi; Mojtaba Ahani Azari
Volume 41, Issue 1 , May 2010
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley grains’ chemical treatment on disappearance of dry matter (DM), starch and CNCPS carbohydrate fractions. For barley grain treatment, NaOH, formaldehyde and urea were used at 35, 4 and 35 gr/kg DM respectively. Three ...
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley grains’ chemical treatment on disappearance of dry matter (DM), starch and CNCPS carbohydrate fractions. For barley grain treatment, NaOH, formaldehyde and urea were used at 35, 4 and 35 gr/kg DM respectively. Three mature rams (one year old) of Zel breed were rumen cannulated to calculate ruminal disappearance (percent) of DM and starch. Incubation time of nylon bags were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours. To evaluate CNCPS carbohydrate fraction characteristics, its parameters were measured. Rumen content disappearance results indicated that NaO¬¬¬¬H and formaldehyde treatment had protective effect on DM and starch from rumen digestion leading to better results rather than urea treatment and control groups. Also, starch disappearance of hulled barley was lower than hull-less barley (P
Javad Rezaei; Yousef Roozbahan; Hasan Fazaeli
Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2009
Abstract
Quality of protein fractions, according to Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), and digestibility coefficients, using Tilley and Terry procedure, of the fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) forage were assessed. The concentration of Crude Protein (CP) and True Protein ...
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Quality of protein fractions, according to Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), and digestibility coefficients, using Tilley and Terry procedure, of the fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) forage were assessed. The concentration of Crude Protein (CP) and True Protein (TP) in the fresh forage, were respectively 116 and 70 g/kg of DM. Soluble Protein (SP) and A, B1, B2, B3 and C fractions were 411, 395, 16, 349, 158, and 82 g/kg of CP, respectively. Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Organic Matter Digestible in Dry Matter (OMDDM) of fresh amaranth were respectively 712, 677, and 586 g/kg, and as well Metabolisable Energy (ME) was 9.2 MJ/kg of DM. Ensiling process resulted in increase in CP, SP, and A as well as B1 fractions, while a decline observed in TP, B2, B3 and C fractions (P
