Iranian Journal of animal Science

Iranian Journal of animal Science

Investigating the effects of supplementing dairy cows diet with condensed tannin of chestnut supplement (Silvafeed) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and microbial enzyme activity in vitro

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ali Heidari-Majd 1
Arash Azarfar 2
Ayoub Azizi 3
Hossein Omidi-Mirzaei 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
10.22059/ijas.2019.262053.653650
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing dairy cows diet with various levels of commercial chestnut condensed tannins (CT) supplement (Silvafeed), on in vitro gas production (GP) and fermentation parameters, nutrients digestibility and activity of rumen microbial enzymes in vitro using rumen liquor of cow. Dietary treatments were control diet (without CT) and supplementing control diet with CT at the levels of 0.45, 0.90 and 1.35 g per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Inclusion levels of dietary tannins were based on recommendation of manufacturer. Results showed that GP at all of incubation times, potential (b) and rate (c) of GP were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Except for ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein production which were decreased and increased with increasing rate of CT in the diet respectively (P<0.05), while the other fermentation parameters were unchanged by incubation of experimental diets (P>0.05). Activity of fibrolytic enzymes such a carboxymethyl cellulase, microcrystalline cellulase and filter paper-degrading activity were not affected by supplementing diet with CT (P>0.05), while rumen protease activity was decreased linearly with enhancing level of CT in the diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of present study revealed that adding condensed tannins to dairy cows diet up to 1.35 g/kg dietary DM improved nitrogen metabolism in the rumen, and this could reduce the requirements for dietary rumen undegradable protein.  
Keywords
Condensed tannin
Gas production
fermentation parameters
digestibility
rumen enzyme activity
  1. Abarghuei, M. J., Rouzbehan, Y., Salem, A. Z. M. & Zamiri, M. J. (2014). Nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed pomegranate peel extract. Livestock Science, 157, 452-461.
  2. Aerts, R. J., Barry, T. N. & McNabb, W. C. (1999). Polyphenols and agriculture: beneficial effects of proanthocyanidins in forages. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 75, 1-12.
  3. Agarwal, N., Agarwal, I., Kamra, D. N. & Chaudhary, L. C. (2000). Diurnal variations in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in different fractions of rumen contents of Murrah buffalo. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 18, 73-80.
  4. Agricultural and Food Research Council, (1992). Technical committee on responses of nutrients, Report No 9. Nutritive requirements of ruminant animal: Protein. Nutrition Abstract and Review. Series b, 62(12), 787-835, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon. 
  5. Alipour, D. & Rouzbehan, Y. (2010). Effects of several levels of extracted tannin from grape pomace on intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Livestock Science, 128, 87-91.
  6. AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
  7. Bhatta, R., Krishnamoorthy, U. & Mohammed, F. (2001). Effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed husk tannins on in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 90, 143-152.
  8. Blümmel, M., Karsli, A. & Russell J. R. (2003). Influence of diet on growth yields of rumen micro-organisms in vitro and in vivo: Influence on growth yield of variable carbon fluxes to fermentation products. British Journal of Nutrition, 90, 625-634.
  9. Blümmel, M., Steingss, H. & Becker, K. (1997). The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and 15N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition, 77, 911-921.
  10. Broderick, G. & Kang, J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63, 64-75.
  11. Dentinho, M., Moreira, O., Pereira, M. & Bessa, R. (2007). The use of tannin crude extract from Cistus ladanifer L. to protect soya-bean protein from degradationin the rumen. Animal, 1, 645-650.
  12. Frutos, P., Hervás, G., Giráldez, F. J., Fernández Gutiérrez, M. & Mantecón, Á. R. (2000). Digestive utilization of quebracho-treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, 134, 101-108.
  13. Getachew, G., Pittrof, W., Putnama, D. H., Dandekar, A., Goyal, S. & DePeters, E. J. (2008). The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140, 444-461.
  14. Getachew, G., Makkar, H. P. S. & Becker, K. (2002). Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science, 139, 341-352.
  15. Jolazadeh, A. R., Dehghan-banadaky, M. & Rezayazdi, K. (2015). Effects of soybean meal treated with tannins extracted from pistachio hulls on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nutrient digestion of Holstein bulls. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 203, 33-40.
  16. Kumar, R. & Vaithiyanathan, S. (1990). Occurrence, nutritional significance and effect on animal productivity of tannins in tree leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 30, 21-38.
  17. Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 262-275.
  18. Marten, G. C. & Barnes, R. F. (1980). Prediction of energy digestibility of forages with in vitro rumen fermentation and fungal enzymes systems. In: Pidgen, W. J., Balch, C. C. & Graham, M. (Eds), Standardization of analytical methodology for feeds. (pp 61-71.) International Development Research Center, Ottawa.
  19. McSweeney, C. S., Palmer, B., McNeill, D. M. & Krause, D. O. (2001). Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 91, 83-93.
  20. Menke, K. H. & Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.
  21. Miller, J. L. (1959). Modified DNS method for reducing sugars. Analytical Chemistry, 31, 426-429.
  22. Russel, J. B. (2002). Rumen microbiology and its role in ruminant nutrition. Russell J.B., Publ. Co., Ithaca, NY.
  23. Selinger, L. B., Forsberg, C. W. & Cheng, K. J. (1996). The rumen: a unique source of enzymes for enhancing livestock production. Anaerobe, 2, 263-284.
  24. Sharifi, A. (2017). Investigation the nutritive value of broiler litter processed with phenolic compounds extracted from pomegranate peel in feeding ruminants. Ph.D. thesis, Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran. (in Farsi)
  25. Silva, A. T., Wallace, R. J. & Orskov, E. R. (1987). Use of particle-bound microbial activity to predict the rate and extent of fibre degradation in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition, 57, 407-415.
  26. Van Soest, P.  J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  27. Vercoe, P. E., Makkar, H. P. S. & Schlink, A. C. (2010). In vitro screening of plant resources for extra-nutritional attributes in ruminants: nuclear and related methodologies. (2nd ed.). Springer Verlag Gmbh.
Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 49, Issue 4
Winter 2019
Pages 517-525

  • Receive Date 17 July 2018
  • Revise Date 15 January 2019
  • Accept Date 22 January 2019