Iranian Journal of animal Science

Iranian Journal of animal Science

Effect of dietary betaine supplementation and vitamin B12 injection during the transition period on fatty acids profile of milk in Holstein dairy cows

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ali Gohardust 1
Arash Azarfar 2
Ali Kiani 2
Amir Fadayifar 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran
10.22059/ijas.2017.243378.653567
Abstract
In this research effects of dietary supplemention with betaine and injection of vitamin B12 during the transition period on profile of milk fatty acids was investigated using 32 Holstein dairy cows. Experimental treatments included control (a basal diet without any supplementation; CC), CB (supplemnting with 50 g of rumen unprotected betaine per day per head during the transition period), BC (injection of 0.5 mg vitamin B12 in a 10-days interval) and CC (supplemnting with 50 g of unprotected betaine per day per head plus injection of 0.5 mg vitamin B12 in a 10-days interval. The CB and BB significantly increased denovo synthesis of fatty acids in mammary gland and milk fat concentration of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). Experimental treatments had no effect on milk fat concentratios of total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, C14: 1, C16: 1, C18: 1n9t, C18:1n9c and C20:1 (P> 0.05). Milk fat concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in cows recived CB than in BC and BB cows, but similar to CC cows. Experimental treatments had no effect on perentage of milk fat and plasma concentration of glucose (P>0.05). In conclusion, to inceraese denovo synthesis of fatty acids in mammary glands intarmuscualr injection of vitamin B12 in transition cows is recommended. 
Keywords
betaine
milk fatty acid
transition dairy cow
vitamin B12
  1. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. & Stryer, L. (2007). Biochemistry.  (6th ed.). Sara Tenney, New York, NY.
  2. Bernal-Santos, G., Perfield, J. W. II, Barbano, D. M., Bauman, D. E. & Overton, T. R. (2003). Production responses of dairy cows to dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during the transition period and early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 3218-3228.
  3. Bonner, S. L., Gaughan, J. B., Jassim, A. L. R. A. M. & Bryden, W. L. (2008). Dietary betaine and its effect on rumen VFA profiles in sheep. In: Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production, 27, 107.
  4. Christie, W. W. (1970). Topics in Lipids Chemistry. In: Gunstone, F.D. (Ed.), vol.1. Logos Press, London, pp. 1-49
  5. Croom, W. J., Bauman, D. E. & Davis, C. L. (1981). Methylmalonic acid in low-fat milk syndrome. Journal of Dairy Science, 64, 649-654.
  6. Davidson, S., Hopkins, B., Odle, A. J., Brownie, C., Fellner, V. & Whitlow, L. W. (2008). Supplementing limited methionine diets with rumen-protected methionine, betaine, and choline in early lactation Holstein cows.  Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 1552-1559.
  7. Dijkstra, J., Boer, H., Van Bruchem, J., Bruining, M. & Tamminga, S. (1993). Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume. British Journal of Nutrition, 69, 385-96.
  8. Fernandez, C., Mata, C., Piquer, O., Bacha, F. & de la Fuente, J. M. (2009). Influence of betaine on goat milk yield and blood metabolites.  Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 11, 209-213.
  9. Fernandez, C., Sanchez-Seiquer, P., Sanchez, A., Contreras, A. & de la Fuente, J .M. (2004). Influence of betaine on milk yield and composition in primiparous lactating dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research, 52, 37-43.
  10. Karlenge, I. J., Taugbøl, O., Salbu, B., Aastveit, A. H. & Harstad, O. M. (2013). Effect of different levels of supplied cobalt on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk. British Journal of Nutrition, 109, 834-843.
  11. Karlengen, I. J. O. M., Harstad, O., Taugbøl, I., Berget, A., Aastveit. H. & Vage, D. I. (2011). The effect of excess cobalt on milk fatty acid profiles and transcriptional regulation of SCD, FASN, DGAT1 and DGAT2 in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 96, 1065-1073.
  12. Knapp, D. M., Grummer, R. R. & Dentine, M. R. (1991). The response of lactating dairy cows to increasing levels of whole roasted soybeans. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 2563-2579.
  13. McClymont, G.L. & Vallance, S. (1962). Depression of blood glycerides and milk-fat synthesis by glucose infusion. In Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. C/O Publishing Division, Wallingford OX10 8DE, Oxon, England: CAB International, 21, 41-42.
  14. McDowell, L.R. (1989). Vitamins in Animal Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
  15. Mitchell, A. D., Chappell, A. & Knox, K. L. (1979). Metabolism of betaine in the ruminant. Journal of Animal Science, 49, 764-774.
  16. Monteiro, A. P. A., Bernard, J. K., Guo, J.-R., Weng, X-S., Emanuele, S., Davis, R., Dahl, G. E. & Tao, S. (2016). Effects of feeding betaine-containing liquid supplement to transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100, 1063-1071.
  17. Nafikov, R. A. & Beitz, D. C. (2007). Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in farm animals. The Journal of Nutrition, 137, 702-5.
  18. Nakamura, M. T. & Nara, T. Y. (2004). Structure, junction and dietary regulation of Delta 6, Delta 5, and Delta 9 desaturases. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24, 345-376.
  19. Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. (2005). Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th Ed.). W.H.Freeman & Co, New York.
  20. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. (7th rev. ed.) Natl. Academy Press, Washington D.C.
  21. Paton, C. M. & Ntambi, J. M. (2009). Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 297, E28-E37.
  22. Peterson, S. E. & Rezamand, J. E. (2010). Effects of dietary betaine on milk yield and milk compositionof mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 6557-6562.
  23. Peterson, S. E., Rezamand, P., Williams, J. E., Price, W., Chahine, M. & McGuir, M. A. (2012). Effects of dietary betaine on milk yield and milk composition of mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 6557-6562.
  24. SAS, (2004). User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
  25. Shingfield, K. J., Arola, A., Ahvenjarvi, S., Vanhatalo, A., Toivonen, V., Griinari, J. M., Huhtanen, P. (2008). Ruminal infusions of cobalt-EDTA reduce mammary Delta 9-desaturase index and alter milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows. The Journal of Nutrition, 138, 710-717.
  26. Sukhija, P. H. & Palmquist, D. L. (1998). Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agriculture & Food Chemistry, 36, 1202-1206.
  27. Suttle, N.F. (2010). Mineral nutrition of livestock. (4th ed). CAB International, 368 Oxford, UK.
  28. Taugbøl, O., Karlengen, I. J., Bolstad, T., Aastveit, A. H. & Harstad, O. M. (2008). Cobalt supplied per os reduces the mammary delta-9-desaturase index of bovine milk. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 3062-3068.
  29. Taugbøl, O., Karlengen, I. J., Salbu, B., Aastveit, A. H. & Harstad, O. M. (2010). Intravenous injections of cobalt reduce fatty acid desaturation products in milk and blood of lactating cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 94, 635-640.
  30. Wang, C., Liu, Q., Yang, W., Wu, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, P., Dong, K. & Huang, Y. (2010). Effects of betaine supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance, feed digestibilities and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148, 487-495.
Iranian Journal of animal Science
Volume 48, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
Winter 2018
Pages 493-503

  • Receive Date 23 October 2017
  • Revise Date 30 December 2017
  • Accept Date 31 December 2017