Mehdi BADIEE BAGHSIAH; Yousef ROUZBAHAN; Hasan FAZAELI; Javad REZAEI
Abstract
Effect of heat processing on the nutritive value of broiler litter, as a potential ruminant feedstuff,was studied in two pilot plans, processing through an assessment of chemical composition, proteinfractionation according to CNCPS as wells digestibility making use of Tilley and Terry method. In amanufactory ...
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Effect of heat processing on the nutritive value of broiler litter, as a potential ruminant feedstuff,was studied in two pilot plans, processing through an assessment of chemical composition, proteinfractionation according to CNCPS as wells digestibility making use of Tilley and Terry method. In amanufactory located in the city of Sabzevar. The average values of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein(CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDFom), Acid detergent fiber (ADFom), ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe,Mn, Cu and Zn in the unprocessed broiler litter constituted 83.5% of the fresh matter, 26.4, 41.3, 14.2,18.6, 1.85, 0.97, 0.8, 1.0, 0.065 % of DM, 910.75, 332.73, 58.14 and 384.4 mg/kg of DM,respectively. These values for the processed litter, respectively, amounted to 92.9 % of fresh weight,25.5, 46.2, 14.4, 18.6, 1.74, 0.95, 0.72, 0.94, 0.062 % of DM, 1029.3, 304.25, 54.74 and 379.75 mg/kgof DM. As for the Semnan manufactory, the average values for the unprocessed litter were,respectively,73.2 % of fresh weight, 28.8, 16.0, 17.2, 1.92, 1.13, 0.61, 1.1, 0.036 % of DM, 1328.6,374.0, 52.69 and 345.0 mg/kg of DM. Fllowing the processing operations the mentioned valueschanged to 82.3 % of fresh weight, 28.3, 49.1, 18.5, 17.8, 1.86, 0.94, 0.60, 0.87, 0.035 % of DM,1598.2, 338.67, 51.15 and 302.6 mg/kg of DM, respectively. Protein fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C inthe unprocessed litter at Sabzevar manufactory were, respectively 51.8, 18.5, 17.1, 7.13 and 5.01 % ofCP. The values for Semnan manufactory were recorded as 50.3, 11.1, 24.6, 9.51 and 5.4 % of CP,respectively. After heat processing, accomplished and fot both manufactories, fractions A and B1 werereduced, wtereas B2, B3 and C increased (P<0.05). The in vitro DM Digestibility (DMD), OrganicMatter Digestibility (OMD) and ME contents for the unprocessed litter, respectively, were 799, 798g/kg and 9.63 MJ/kg DM for Sabzevar manufactory, and 780, 791 g/kg and 9.70 MJ/kg DM forSemnan,s. Heating process had no significant effect on digestibility and ME (P>0.05), except forDMD at Sabzevar manufactory, which had singificantly decreased. The Pressing method of processingreduced (P<0.05) DMD, OMD (771 and 773 g/kg) and ME (9.31 MJ/kg of DM) as compared withunprocessed litter. Overall, although application of indirect heat processing of broiler litter somehowreduced CP, Mg and Cu contents, but by removal of the pathogenic organisms it can lead ot theproduction of a protein supplement, enriched in mineral,s as a ruminant feedstuff and which can helpreduc the environmental pollution.
Ayoub Azizi Shotorkhoft; Hassan Fazaeli; Nader Papi; Javad Rezaee
Abstract
This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatments, using of 36 Moghani male lambs. Four diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21 percent (dry matter basis) of processed broiler litter (PBL) were used. Results showed that voluntary feed intake, ...
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This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatments, using of 36 Moghani male lambs. Four diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21 percent (dry matter basis) of processed broiler litter (PBL) were used. Results showed that voluntary feed intake, average daily gain and total body weight gain were not influenced (P>0.05) by the experimental diets. Digestibility of DM and NDF decreased linearly (P<0.05) while no differences (P>0.05) were detected in OM and CP digestibility by inclusion of PBL in the diets. The Ruminal acetate concentration decreased but ammonia increased linearly (P<0.05) as the rate of PBL enhanced in the diet, however no differences (P>0.05) were obtained for the other metabolites between the animals received different diets. Blood urea-nitrogen increased linearly (P<0.05) by increasing of PBL in the diet, but other blood metabolites were not influenced (P>0.05) by the experimental rations. Results of current study indicated that feeding PBL in the diet of Moghani lambs up to 21percent, did not affect the nutrients intake and growth performance but decreased digestibility of DM and NDF and ruminal acetate concentration. In Addition, feed cost per unit of live weight gain was decreased (P<0.05) by inclusion of PBL in the ration. It is concluded that processed broiler litter could be used up to 21 percent of the diet for fattening lambs.
Hosein Baluch Gharaei; Yousef Rouzbehan; Hasan Fazaeli; Javad Rezaei
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of deep-stacking process on temperature and pathogenic bacterial survival of Broiler Litter (BL). Broiler litter, deep-stacked to 3 depths (30, 60 or 120 cm) and at 3 moisture levels (15, 25 or 35%) was made use of in a split plot design, experiment ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of deep-stacking process on temperature and pathogenic bacterial survival of Broiler Litter (BL). Broiler litter, deep-stacked to 3 depths (30, 60 or 120 cm) and at 3 moisture levels (15, 25 or 35%) was made use of in a split plot design, experiment last for 21 days. Daily temperature of the deep-stacked BL at different depths and at different ambient temperatures were recorded. At the finite temperature of the deep-stacked BLs, representative samples were taken from different depths for later bacterial analysis. The effect of depth on temperature of deep-stacked BL was significant among the day’s 2 to 13 (P<0.05). Higher moisture level increased the temperature of deep-stacked BL on days 1-4 and 9-21 (P<0.05). The interaction effect of depth × moisture on temperature of deep stacked BL was significant (P<0.05). Total count of bacteria in the deep-stacked BL treatments decreased as compared with the control treatment (P<0.05) with the exception of the depth of 30 cm of 15% moisture and as well the depth of 120 cm of 25% moisture. Mean populations of Coliform bacteria in the depth of 30 cm with 25% moisture and in the depth 30 and 60 cm of 35% moisture amounted to zero. There were no Escherichia coli populations found in at the different depths of deep-stacked BL of 35% moisture. Mean populations of Salmonella in depths of 30 and 60 cm with 25 and 35% moisture contents and at the depth of 120 cm with 35% moisture content were recorded as zero. Overall, deep-stacking BL with 35% of moisture for 9 days (to reach the final destined temperature) decreased the total count of bacteria and other Coliforms and as well eliminated the pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella).
