پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122Improvement of Artificial Insemination Efficiency in Zandi Ewes via Estradiol and Oxytocin InjectionImprovement of Artificial Insemination Efficiency in Zandi Ewes via Estradiol and Oxytocin Injection2072153614810.22059/ijas.2013.36148FAJournal Article20110929The aim followed in the present study was to evaluate the effect of Estradiol (E2) injection and injection (either intramuscular (i.m) or intravenous (i.v)) of various doses of OxyTocin (OT) on cervix dilation and on conception rate in Zandi ewes during late breeding season. Sixty three ewes were randomly selected. In experiment 1, the ewes received 100 µl E2 and 12h later were divided and assigned into 7 groups. Control group (n=9) did not receive OT. The six remaning groups were divided into 2 parts using i.m or i.v injection and in each group in every part, ewes (n=9) were treated 60, 80 or 100 IU of OT. Cervix penetration was measured before and after (10 min and 12h) E2 injection (before OT injection) and 15 min after OT injection by use of a scaled pipette of artificial insemination. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 but here the ewes did not receive E2 and were just tested for the effect of OT on cervix dilation. In experiment 3, the estrous synchronization was done using CIDR insertion for 12 days. At the time of CIDR removal, 500 IU of eCG was injected i.m to the ewes.The aim followed in the present study was to evaluate the effect of Estradiol (E2) injection and injection (either intramuscular (i.m) or intravenous (i.v)) of various doses of OxyTocin (OT) on cervix dilation and on conception rate in Zandi ewes during late breeding season. Sixty three ewes were randomly selected. In experiment 1, the ewes received 100 µl E2 and 12h later were divided and assigned into 7 groups. Control group (n=9) did not receive OT. The six remaning groups were divided into 2 parts using i.m or i.v injection and in each group in every part, ewes (n=9) were treated 60, 80 or 100 IU of OT. Cervix penetration was measured before and after (10 min and 12h) E2 injection (before OT injection) and 15 min after OT injection by use of a scaled pipette of artificial insemination. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 but here the ewes did not receive E2 and were just tested for the effect of OT on cervix dilation. In experiment 3, the estrous synchronization was done using CIDR insertion for 12 days. At the time of CIDR removal, 500 IU of eCG was injected i.m to the ewes.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36148_67f4aee480e8d03cc5374f7667f57c54.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation and Ratio of Alfalfa Hay versus Corn Silage on Holstein Bulls, PerformanceEffect of Fish Oil Supplementation and Ratio of Alfalfa Hay versus Corn Silage on Holstein Bulls, Performance2172233614910.22059/ijas.2013.36149FAMahdiGanjkhanlouJournal Article20120522A number of 36 Holstein young bulls (initial BW of 345±61 kg) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, following a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Three concentrate levels of fish oil (0, 1.5 and 3 % of DM) and 2 levels of alfalfa hay versus corn silage (10 and 20 % of alfalfa hay forage versus 20 and 10 % of corn silage) were used to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation and the ratio of alfalfa hay to corn silage in the diet on animal performance. Bulls were fed TMR consisting of 30% forage and 70% concentrate mix on a DM basis. Average Daily Gain (ADG) was monthly assessed and dry mater intake evaluated every day prior to morning meals. The calves were slaughtered at the end of the experimental period (90 days) and the carcass characteristics recorded. Data were analysed through MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software. There were no significant differences observed for performances, namely dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed intake as well as carcass traits as affected by interaction of fish oil and alfalfa hay level. The highest level of fish oil treatment negatively affected DMI (P < 0.01)A number of 36 Holstein young bulls (initial BW of 345±61 kg) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, following a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Three concentrate levels of fish oil (0, 1.5 and 3 % of DM) and 2 levels of alfalfa hay versus corn silage (10 and 20 % of alfalfa hay forage versus 20 and 10 % of corn silage) were used to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation and the ratio of alfalfa hay to corn silage in the diet on animal performance. Bulls were fed TMR consisting of 30% forage and 70% concentrate mix on a DM basis. Average Daily Gain (ADG) was monthly assessed and dry mater intake evaluated every day prior to morning meals. The calves were slaughtered at the end of the experimental period (90 days) and the carcass characteristics recorded. Data were analysed through MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software. There were no significant differences observed for performances, namely dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed intake as well as carcass traits as affected by interaction of fish oil and alfalfa hay level. The highest level of fish oil treatment negatively affected DMI (P < 0.01)https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36149_1ef65c7e908236e30e308d5eac0045db.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122An Estimation of the Model of Energy Requirement for Broiler Breeder Hens in IranAn Estimation of the Model of Energy Requirement for Broiler Breeder Hens in Iran2252333615010.22059/ijas.2013.36150FAJournal Article20120924The nutrient requirements and performance guidelines of management guides are based upon many actual flock results obtained under good environmental and management conditions. In practice and under the prevalent poultry industry situation, through these nutrient levels, Iranian farmers cannot attain the performance reported in management guidelines. An estimation of the model of broiler breeder energy requirement under environmental and management conditions of Iran was the aim followed in the present study. The study was carried out, making use of observational as well as analytical information. Data related to broilers of 24 to 64 weeks of age were collected from 24 broiler breeder farms which reared Ross 308. These farms were distributed throughout 11 provinces of Iran. The equation for estimating Metabolizable Energy Intake (MEI) was predicted (R2=0.7) through: <br />MEI(kcal/bird/day) = 153.032 BW0.75 + 6.708 ADG + 14.198 EM -2.946 (BW0.75× ADG) -4.872 (BW0.75× EM) -0.272 (ADG × EM) + 0.11 (BW0.75× ADG × EMThe nutrient requirements and performance guidelines of management guides are based upon many actual flock results obtained under good environmental and management conditions. In practice and under the prevalent poultry industry situation, through these nutrient levels, Iranian farmers cannot attain the performance reported in management guidelines. An estimation of the model of broiler breeder energy requirement under environmental and management conditions of Iran was the aim followed in the present study. The study was carried out, making use of observational as well as analytical information. Data related to broilers of 24 to 64 weeks of age were collected from 24 broiler breeder farms which reared Ross 308. These farms were distributed throughout 11 provinces of Iran. The equation for estimating Metabolizable Energy Intake (MEI) was predicted (R2=0.7) through: <br />MEI(kcal/bird/day) = 153.032 BW0.75 + 6.708 ADG + 14.198 EM -2.946 (BW0.75× ADG) -4.872 (BW0.75× EM) -0.272 (ADG × EM) + 0.11 (BW0.75× ADG × EMhttps://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36150_0c9d9b3c87b50bb99985e88a5d84c1c2.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122The Effect of Varying Levels of Metabolizable Protein on Milk Yield and on Blood Metabolites in Holstein CowsThe Effect of Varying Levels of Metabolizable Protein on Milk Yield and on Blood Metabolites in Holstein Cows2352453615110.22059/ijas.2013.36151FAKamranRezayazdiJournal Article20130102The aim followed in the present study was to investigate the effects of different Metabolizable Protein (MP) levels on Holstein cows, milk yield and composition, and as well on concentration of plasma metabolites in the cow,s early lactation. Twenty - four Holstein cows(BW 580±23, DIM 30±7, parity 2.4±0.5) were randomly assigned to each one of the 4 dietary treatments containing 1) 10.60% (diet A), 2) 11.07 (diet B), 3) 11.54 (diet C), and 4)12.00 % (diet D) of MP on a dry matter basis. The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results revealed that none of the factors of: dry matter intake, body weight change, milk fat yield, or non-fat solids were affected by the diets. Fat corrected milk yield and milk protein yield increased as the MP level increased up to 11.54% of dry matter and more. Rumen metabolites, namely concentration of total volatile fatty acids, proportion of individual volatile fatty acids, pH and concentration of ammonia were not affected by dietary treatments. Concentration of blood glucose, cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were not affected by different MP levels. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen increased with incrase in the MP level,The aim followed in the present study was to investigate the effects of different Metabolizable Protein (MP) levels on Holstein cows, milk yield and composition, and as well on concentration of plasma metabolites in the cow,s early lactation. Twenty - four Holstein cows(BW 580±23, DIM 30±7, parity 2.4±0.5) were randomly assigned to each one of the 4 dietary treatments containing 1) 10.60% (diet A), 2) 11.07 (diet B), 3) 11.54 (diet C), and 4)12.00 % (diet D) of MP on a dry matter basis. The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results revealed that none of the factors of: dry matter intake, body weight change, milk fat yield, or non-fat solids were affected by the diets. Fat corrected milk yield and milk protein yield increased as the MP level increased up to 11.54% of dry matter and more. Rumen metabolites, namely concentration of total volatile fatty acids, proportion of individual volatile fatty acids, pH and concentration of ammonia were not affected by dietary treatments. Concentration of blood glucose, cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were not affected by different MP levels. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen increased with incrase in the MP level,https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36151_8d3387b6314e78069e0d321718034914.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122Potential Relationship between Amino Acid Motifs in the Antigen-binding Groove of BoLA-DR Molecule with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation in Response to S. aureusPotential Relationship between Amino Acid Motifs in the Antigen-binding Groove of BoLA-DR Molecule with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation in Response to S. aureus2472543615210.22059/ijas.2013.36152FAMohammadMoradi Shahre Babak0000-0002-5255-609XHasanMehrabaniJournal Article20121202Potential relationships between amino acid motifs in the antigen binding groove of various alleles of the bovine major histocompatibility complex DR (BoLA-DR) molecule and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) proliferation, in response to S. aureus and phytohemaglutinin, were investigated. The animals included in the study were approximately of the same age and comprised of pure Holstein-Friesian (n = 86), F2 Holstein-Friesian Charolais (n = 155), Holstein-Friesian backcross (F0 Holstein-Friesian dams crossed with unrelated F1 sires, n = 60), Charolais backcross (F1 dams crossed with F0Charolais sire, n = 46). To determine BoLA-DRB3 alleles of the animals, a sequence-based typing method was employed. The amino acid sequence data encode various BoLA-DRB3 alleles, presented at the latest BoLA workshop, were utilized to determine the residues involved in the formation of the pockets in the antigen binding groove of various alleles of the BoLA-DR molecules. A linear mixed model was utilized to evaluate the potential relationships between amino acid motifs in the antigen-binding groove of various alleles of BoLA-DR molecule and PBMC proliferation.Potential relationships between amino acid motifs in the antigen binding groove of various alleles of the bovine major histocompatibility complex DR (BoLA-DR) molecule and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) proliferation, in response to S. aureus and phytohemaglutinin, were investigated. The animals included in the study were approximately of the same age and comprised of pure Holstein-Friesian (n = 86), F2 Holstein-Friesian Charolais (n = 155), Holstein-Friesian backcross (F0 Holstein-Friesian dams crossed with unrelated F1 sires, n = 60), Charolais backcross (F1 dams crossed with F0Charolais sire, n = 46). To determine BoLA-DRB3 alleles of the animals, a sequence-based typing method was employed. The amino acid sequence data encode various BoLA-DRB3 alleles, presented at the latest BoLA workshop, were utilized to determine the residues involved in the formation of the pockets in the antigen binding groove of various alleles of the BoLA-DR molecules. A linear mixed model was utilized to evaluate the potential relationships between amino acid motifs in the antigen-binding groove of various alleles of BoLA-DR molecule and PBMC proliferation.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36152_52624eb03d7c929dcdce84c92e72be30.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122An Evaluation of Nano-silver as an Alternative Antibiotic on Performance and Intestinal Morphometric Parameters in Broiler ChickensAn Evaluation of Nano-silver as an Alternative Antibiotic on Performance and Intestinal Morphometric Parameters in Broiler Chickens2552623615310.22059/ijas.2013.36153FAJournal Article20120717To evaluate the efficiency of Nanocid as growth promoter in comparison antibiotics and with organic acids on performance and intestinal morphometric characteristics of broiler chickens, 240 male broiler chicks of one dayage (Ross 308) were utilized in an experiment of a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental treatments included: 1) control (no additives), 2) antibiotic Virginiamycin (15 ppm), 3) organic acid (0.2% Formaycin), and 4) Nanocid (50 ppm). The antibiotic growth promoter group benefited from the highest final average weight (PTo evaluate the efficiency of Nanocid as growth promoter in comparison antibiotics and with organic acids on performance and intestinal morphometric characteristics of broiler chickens, 240 male broiler chicks of one dayage (Ross 308) were utilized in an experiment of a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental treatments included: 1) control (no additives), 2) antibiotic Virginiamycin (15 ppm), 3) organic acid (0.2% Formaycin), and 4) Nanocid (50 ppm). The antibiotic growth promoter group benefited from the highest final average weight (Phttps://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36153_6ab95b6a6c3761bd1d180b2ad2d5f1ec.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122The effect of Artichoke on Liver Function and Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chicks Poisoned with CCl4The effect of Artichoke on Liver Function and Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chicks Poisoned with CCl42632733615410.22059/ijas.2013.36154FAFiroozSamadiJournal Article20130216The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Artichoke on liver function in broiler chicks poisoned with CCl4. A total of 60 (Ross, 308) one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into four treatments, using a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (received control diet), 2) Artichoke (control diet supplemented with 3 percent Artichoke powder), 3) CCl4 (control diet plus 1 ml/kg/BW of CCl4), and 4) Artichoke+CCl4 (control diet supplemented with 3 percent Artichoke powder + 1 ml/kg/BW CCl4). Wing blood samples were taken to compare blood serum parameters including total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride as well as liver enzymes including Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and A,Lkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Meanwhile, liver samples were collected for liver histology. Results revealed that, blood serum parameters were not affected by Artichoke, while CCl4 decreased total protein and albumin while increasing cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood serum (PThe present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Artichoke on liver function in broiler chicks poisoned with CCl4. A total of 60 (Ross, 308) one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into four treatments, using a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (received control diet), 2) Artichoke (control diet supplemented with 3 percent Artichoke powder), 3) CCl4 (control diet plus 1 ml/kg/BW of CCl4), and 4) Artichoke+CCl4 (control diet supplemented with 3 percent Artichoke powder + 1 ml/kg/BW CCl4). Wing blood samples were taken to compare blood serum parameters including total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride as well as liver enzymes including Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and A,Lkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Meanwhile, liver samples were collected for liver histology. Results revealed that, blood serum parameters were not affected by Artichoke, while CCl4 decreased total protein and albumin while increasing cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood serum (Phttps://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36154_5346495c7b09bc7b1023d8e500c538c8.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122Effect of Echium amoenum Extract on Plasma Metabolites and Methane estimate Mehraban Male LambsEffect of Echium amoenum Extract on Plasma Metabolites and Methane estimate Mehraban Male Lambs2732823615510.22059/ijas.2013.36155FAYousefRouzbehanJournal Article20130101Forty-eight Mehraban male lambs each of 6 months of age and 32.1 ± 3.9 kg Body Weight (BW) were utilized to study the effects of administration of Echum amoenum Extract (EAE) on plasma metabolites and Methane gas. Following 2 weeks of adaptation and being fed a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) of 60 to 40-ratio concentrate to forage, the lambs were divided by their initial BW into 4 groups of 12 lambs each in a completely randomized design. The control group received only TMR, while the second, third and fourth groups receiving 0.3 , 1.5 or 3 ml/Kg DM EAE extract for a 90 day experimental period. The Echum amoenum extracts were added to the diet fed to each lamb at the 8:00 h. Blood samples were collected at day 37 (S1) and day 72 (S2) from the jugular vein. The plasma metabolites studied were total protein, albumin, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), glucose, triglyceride as well as cholesterol. The correlation among, and between these metabolites, was also assessed. The results indicated that creatinine, BUN and triglyceride were significantly different from control in day 37 of sampling.Forty-eight Mehraban male lambs each of 6 months of age and 32.1 ± 3.9 kg Body Weight (BW) were utilized to study the effects of administration of Echum amoenum Extract (EAE) on plasma metabolites and Methane gas. Following 2 weeks of adaptation and being fed a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) of 60 to 40-ratio concentrate to forage, the lambs were divided by their initial BW into 4 groups of 12 lambs each in a completely randomized design. The control group received only TMR, while the second, third and fourth groups receiving 0.3 , 1.5 or 3 ml/Kg DM EAE extract for a 90 day experimental period. The Echum amoenum extracts were added to the diet fed to each lamb at the 8:00 h. Blood samples were collected at day 37 (S1) and day 72 (S2) from the jugular vein. The plasma metabolites studied were total protein, albumin, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), glucose, triglyceride as well as cholesterol. The correlation among, and between these metabolites, was also assessed. The results indicated that creatinine, BUN and triglyceride were significantly different from control in day 37 of sampling.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36155_9d7d7dc7b76e5740526543ced5673956.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122Effect of Fattening System and Fattening Period on Growth and Carcass Composition of Lori-Bakhtiari
Male LambsEffect of Fattening System and Fattening Period on Growth and Carcass Composition of Lori-Bakhtiari
Male Lambs2832913615610.22059/ijas.2013.36156FAJournal Article20120101The present study was conducted to investigate effect of the fattening system and the duration of the fattening period on growth performance and carcass composition. in lori Bakhtiary Male Lambs. Sixty lambs were assigned to a factorial experiment of a completely randomized design comprised of two factors, including: fattening system (FS1: feedlot following weaning, and FS2: grazing on pasture followed by feedlot) vs. the length of the fattening period (75, 90 and 105 days). Lambs were weaned at 90 ± 5 days of age. The two fattening system lambs were randomly divided into three groups of 75, 90 and 105 days on feedlot and were kept in individual boxes. At the end of fattening period, half of the lambs of each level of fattening period were randomly slaughtered. The results indicated that the average final weight (61.23 vs. 62.34 kg), daily gain (198.3 vs. 209.2 gr) and feed conversion ratios (8.50 vs. 9.31) were not significantly (P < 0.05) different between FS1 and FS2 lambs. This was while the feed intake in FS2 lambs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in FS1 lambs.The present study was conducted to investigate effect of the fattening system and the duration of the fattening period on growth performance and carcass composition. in lori Bakhtiary Male Lambs. Sixty lambs were assigned to a factorial experiment of a completely randomized design comprised of two factors, including: fattening system (FS1: feedlot following weaning, and FS2: grazing on pasture followed by feedlot) vs. the length of the fattening period (75, 90 and 105 days). Lambs were weaned at 90 ± 5 days of age. The two fattening system lambs were randomly divided into three groups of 75, 90 and 105 days on feedlot and were kept in individual boxes. At the end of fattening period, half of the lambs of each level of fattening period were randomly slaughtered. The results indicated that the average final weight (61.23 vs. 62.34 kg), daily gain (198.3 vs. 209.2 gr) and feed conversion ratios (8.50 vs. 9.31) were not significantly (P < 0.05) different between FS1 and FS2 lambs. This was while the feed intake in FS2 lambs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in FS1 lambs.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36156_c7aa9cdc78e9ef9e29e54db173a4b296.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477344320131122A Determination Bioavailability of Herbal Methionine Based upon Growth Performance and Immunocompetence in Broiler ChickensA Determination Bioavailability of Herbal Methionine Based upon Growth Performance and Immunocompetence in Broiler Chickens2933043615710.22059/ijas.2013.36157FAHosseinMoravejJournal Article20130127A total of 160 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided in a completely randomized design experiment, and assigned to 8 treatments and 4 replicates in their experimental units (cages). Treatments included: T1: basal diet with no additional methionine, T2: basal diet plus 0.06, T3: basal diet plus 0.11, T4: basal diet plus 0.17 % of DL-methionine, T5: basal diet plus 0.06, T6: basal diet plus 0.11, T7: basal diet plus 0.17, T8: basal diet plus 0.22 % of Herbal methionine. To investigate the immunocompetence of birds at 28 and 42 days of age, two tests were conducted: responding to antibody titer against antigen of Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) and responding to dilution 1-choloro 2-3- DiNitroBenzene (DNCB). Multiexponential and multilinear regressions were employed to determine bioavailability of Herbal Methionine (H-Met)® relative to DL-Met on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers. Body weight gain and feed intake of the broilers (fed either H-Met or DL Met) improved in the experiment, regardless of Met sources, in comparison with broilers fed basal diet. Immunocompetence results of broilers were not significant at 28 day of age (pA total of 160 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided in a completely randomized design experiment, and assigned to 8 treatments and 4 replicates in their experimental units (cages). Treatments included: T1: basal diet with no additional methionine, T2: basal diet plus 0.06, T3: basal diet plus 0.11, T4: basal diet plus 0.17 % of DL-methionine, T5: basal diet plus 0.06, T6: basal diet plus 0.11, T7: basal diet plus 0.17, T8: basal diet plus 0.22 % of Herbal methionine. To investigate the immunocompetence of birds at 28 and 42 days of age, two tests were conducted: responding to antibody titer against antigen of Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) and responding to dilution 1-choloro 2-3- DiNitroBenzene (DNCB). Multiexponential and multilinear regressions were employed to determine bioavailability of Herbal Methionine (H-Met)® relative to DL-Met on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers. Body weight gain and feed intake of the broilers (fed either H-Met or DL Met) improved in the experiment, regardless of Met sources, in comparison with broilers fed basal diet. Immunocompetence results of broilers were not significant at 28 day of age (phttps://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_36157_0d491f162a1aa750890c8916d08fecd5.pdf