پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Investigating the addition of a herbal supplement containing tannin (from 3 different sources) on growth performance, health and safety status in Holstein suckling calvesInvestigating the addition of a herbal supplement containing tannin (from 3 different sources) on growth performance, health and safety status in Holstein suckling calves11810332910.22059/ijas.2025.385892.654041FAAhmad – RezaIkdari-BasiriAnimal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranArashAzarfarAnimal Science Department,Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.AmirFadayifarAnimal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.Journal Article20241203This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tannin from three sources on functional characteristics, blood metabolites and health parameters of Holstein calves. Thirty-six female Holstein calves were assigned to three experimental treatments : ( 1) control group 2) calves fed with tannin supplementation ( 50% oak kernel + 30% elm and 20% pomegranate peel) for 30 days daily 30 g and 3) calves they were fed tannin supplement for 30 days daily for 60 g) in a completely randomized design. All calves were weaned at 70 days of age. Feed efficiency, daily weight gain and weaning weight were higher for calves treated with tannin supplementation compared to the control group (P<0.05), but treatments had no significant effect on the amount of dry matter intake. The highest daily weight gain was observed in the third treatment. withers height and hip height were higher in the third treatment compared to calves in the other two groups (P<0.05), but the other related traits with skeletal growth were not affected by experimental treatment. Stool scores, days of diarrhea and rectal temperature were affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in calves receiving tannin supplementation. In general, the use of a combination supplement of oak, pomegranate peel and elm improves the performance of calves resulting strengthening the immune system.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tannin from three sources on functional characteristics, blood metabolites and health parameters of Holstein calves. Thirty-six female Holstein calves were assigned to three experimental treatments : ( 1) control group 2) calves fed with tannin supplementation ( 50% oak kernel + 30% elm and 20% pomegranate peel) for 30 days daily 30 g and 3) calves they were fed tannin supplement for 30 days daily for 60 g) in a completely randomized design. All calves were weaned at 70 days of age. Feed efficiency, daily weight gain and weaning weight were higher for calves treated with tannin supplementation compared to the control group (P<0.05), but treatments had no significant effect on the amount of dry matter intake. The highest daily weight gain was observed in the third treatment. withers height and hip height were higher in the third treatment compared to calves in the other two groups (P<0.05), but the other related traits with skeletal growth were not affected by experimental treatment. Stool scores, days of diarrhea and rectal temperature were affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in calves receiving tannin supplementation. In general, the use of a combination supplement of oak, pomegranate peel and elm improves the performance of calves resulting strengthening the immune system.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103329_1562b06760f62219d25447dfd93f9e0d.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Determination of nutritional value, different protein fractions of black soldier fly larvae in the Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and degradability by nylon bag methodDetermination of nutritional value, different protein fractions of black soldier fly larvae in the Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and degradability by nylon bag method194210340910.22059/ijas.2025.398605.654089FAElhamNadriDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranFardinHozhabriDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-0165-7974DaryoushAlipourDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranHassanAliarabiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20250715This research focused on evaluating black soldier fly larvae as a potential alternative protein source for animal feed by analyzing their protein fractions using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and assessing protein degradability with the nylon bag method. The larvae were raised on waste from a student restaurant. Upon completion of the larval growth phase, their approximate composition, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles were analyzed. Proteins were fractionated using phosphate buffer, neutral detergent, and acidic detergent solutions. Degradability was conducted with the nylon bag technique using two sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistulas. The rearing process showed that 85 grams of eggs produced 63.5 kilograms of dried larvae, and 225.76 grams of fresh larvae were generated per kilogram of feed consumed. The entire growth and hatching period lasted 15 days, with larvae reaching an average size of two centimeters. The larvae contained 41.71% crude protein and 35.01% ether extract, with high levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and lysine, and non-essential amino acids including aspartic and glutamic acids. The main fatty acids were saturated lauric and palmitic acids, along with unsaturated oleic and linoleic acids. Intermediately degradable protein was the largest fraction, while non-protein nitrogen and rapidly degradable protein made up 14.58% and 9.63% of the protein, respectively. The potential and effective degradability of crude protein at a passage rate of 0.05 were 43.97% and 31.59%, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that black soldier fly larvae possess favorable nutritional qualities and efficiently convert organic waste into valuable nutrients, making them a viable alternative protein source for ruminant feeding.This research focused on evaluating black soldier fly larvae as a potential alternative protein source for animal feed by analyzing their protein fractions using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and assessing protein degradability with the nylon bag method. The larvae were raised on waste from a student restaurant. Upon completion of the larval growth phase, their approximate composition, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles were analyzed. Proteins were fractionated using phosphate buffer, neutral detergent, and acidic detergent solutions. Degradability was conducted with the nylon bag technique using two sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistulas. The rearing process showed that 85 grams of eggs produced 63.5 kilograms of dried larvae, and 225.76 grams of fresh larvae were generated per kilogram of feed consumed. The entire growth and hatching period lasted 15 days, with larvae reaching an average size of two centimeters. The larvae contained 41.71% crude protein and 35.01% ether extract, with high levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and lysine, and non-essential amino acids including aspartic and glutamic acids. The main fatty acids were saturated lauric and palmitic acids, along with unsaturated oleic and linoleic acids. Intermediately degradable protein was the largest fraction, while non-protein nitrogen and rapidly degradable protein made up 14.58% and 9.63% of the protein, respectively. The potential and effective degradability of crude protein at a passage rate of 0.05 were 43.97% and 31.59%, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that black soldier fly larvae possess favorable nutritional qualities and efficiently convert organic waste into valuable nutrients, making them a viable alternative protein source for ruminant feeding.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103409_d29f09493460bac494791f2313dc21bf.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Homozygosity percentage in beekeeping areas of Sistan and Baluchistan province and its effect on honey productionHomozygosity percentage in beekeeping areas of Sistan and Baluchistan province and its effect on honey production435710340810.22059/ijas.2025.393189.654071FAZohrehMehrabanDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, ZabolKamalShojaianDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol0009-0008-6640-0134Gholam RezaDashabDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranMasoudRezvanDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol0009-0006-3586-7079Journal Article20250413Considering the importance of homozygosity of sex alleles on yield and honey production, the present study aimed to evaluate the level of homozygosity in beekeepers of Sistan and Baluchistan province based on the centers of apiaries and based on beekeeping potential, number of colonies and beekeepers. For this purpose, colonies with queens of the same age and the same population (preferably more than seven times the population) were randomly selected from the centers of beehives in different regions of the province and subjected to field studies. A total of 200 honey bee colonies (from four counties, 5 districts in each district 10 colonies) were selected. The traits of the number of empty cells and the amount of honey production were measured at the end of the 6 months. Based on the number of empty cells, the percentage of homozygosity of sex alleles and the number of homozygous alleles were calculated. Data analysis was performed using a nested design with two factors: county and district. The effects of homozygosity on honey production performance were analyzed using analysis of covariance and regression analysis. The results showed that the lowest hemozygosity coefficient (2.89%) was observed in the Ismail-Abad district, Khash city. Additionally, Delgan city produced the highest amount of honey (12.07 kg per hive), but the amount of honey produced in Habib Abad district, Taftan city, was the highest at 18.79 kg per hive, compared to other districts. The higher amount of honey production in the Habib-Abad sector, Taftan city, may be due to more suitable regional conditions or better nutrition of honey beehives in this sector compared to other industries. In the present study, the correlation between the percentage of homozygosity and the honey production trait was insignificant. Therefore, the adverse effects of homozygosity on honey bee performance and reduction in colony population size were not observed, thus indicating the favorable state of beekeeping and high diversity in honey bee colonies in the Sistan and Baluchistan province, and enabling breeding programs by selecting for the production of queens with high performance and other desirable traits.Considering the importance of homozygosity of sex alleles on yield and honey production, the present study aimed to evaluate the level of homozygosity in beekeepers of Sistan and Baluchistan province based on the centers of apiaries and based on beekeeping potential, number of colonies and beekeepers. For this purpose, colonies with queens of the same age and the same population (preferably more than seven times the population) were randomly selected from the centers of beehives in different regions of the province and subjected to field studies. A total of 200 honey bee colonies (from four counties, 5 districts in each district 10 colonies) were selected. The traits of the number of empty cells and the amount of honey production were measured at the end of the 6 months. Based on the number of empty cells, the percentage of homozygosity of sex alleles and the number of homozygous alleles were calculated. Data analysis was performed using a nested design with two factors: county and district. The effects of homozygosity on honey production performance were analyzed using analysis of covariance and regression analysis. The results showed that the lowest hemozygosity coefficient (2.89%) was observed in the Ismail-Abad district, Khash city. Additionally, Delgan city produced the highest amount of honey (12.07 kg per hive), but the amount of honey produced in Habib Abad district, Taftan city, was the highest at 18.79 kg per hive, compared to other districts. The higher amount of honey production in the Habib-Abad sector, Taftan city, may be due to more suitable regional conditions or better nutrition of honey beehives in this sector compared to other industries. In the present study, the correlation between the percentage of homozygosity and the honey production trait was insignificant. Therefore, the adverse effects of homozygosity on honey bee performance and reduction in colony population size were not observed, thus indicating the favorable state of beekeeping and high diversity in honey bee colonies in the Sistan and Baluchistan province, and enabling breeding programs by selecting for the production of queens with high performance and other desirable traits.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103408_5c3214d587196ff8775d78a4c3c50bcc.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Impact of Methanolic Bee Pollen Extract on Ram Sperm Quality in Short- and Long-Term StorageImpact of Methanolic Bee Pollen Extract on Ram Sperm Quality in Short- and Long-Term Storage597710367110.22059/ijas.2025.394211.654072FAHedyehParsamehr1. Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranHamidDeldarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranZarbakhtAnsari Pirsaraie3. Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranEssaDirandeh4. Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranJournal Article20250510This study evaluated the effect of supplementing a Tris–egg yolk-based extender with methanolic bee pollen extract on the sperm quality of Zel rams during short-term storage and after cryopreservation. Semen was collected twice a week from four mature Zel rams using an artificial vagina. After initial evaluation, qualified ejaculates were pooled to eliminate individual variation. Samples were diluted with extenders containing 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL of methanolic bee pollen extract. Additionally, 0.1 mM vitamin E was used as a positive control, and 5 µL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added as the solvent for the extract, whose effect was also evaluated. Short-term storage was carried out at 4°C for 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cryopreserved samples were assessed 14 days after storage in liquid nitrogen. Sperm parameters were evaluated, including motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphological abnormalities, and lipid peroxidation (MDA levels). Results showed that supplementation with bee pollen extract significantly (P<0.05) improved all evaluated parameters compared to the control. The 5 mg/mL treatment yielded the best outcomes during short-term storage, while 15 mg/mL was most effective after thawing. Moreover, the 5 mg/mL concentration was superior in reducing oxidative stress by lowering MDA levels. These findings suggest that adding 5 mg/mL methanolic bee pollen extract to the extender improves ram sperm quality and may be an effective strategy for semen preservation.This study evaluated the effect of supplementing a Tris–egg yolk-based extender with methanolic bee pollen extract on the sperm quality of Zel rams during short-term storage and after cryopreservation. Semen was collected twice a week from four mature Zel rams using an artificial vagina. After initial evaluation, qualified ejaculates were pooled to eliminate individual variation. Samples were diluted with extenders containing 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL of methanolic bee pollen extract. Additionally, 0.1 mM vitamin E was used as a positive control, and 5 µL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added as the solvent for the extract, whose effect was also evaluated. Short-term storage was carried out at 4°C for 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cryopreserved samples were assessed 14 days after storage in liquid nitrogen. Sperm parameters were evaluated, including motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphological abnormalities, and lipid peroxidation (MDA levels). Results showed that supplementation with bee pollen extract significantly (P<0.05) improved all evaluated parameters compared to the control. The 5 mg/mL treatment yielded the best outcomes during short-term storage, while 15 mg/mL was most effective after thawing. Moreover, the 5 mg/mL concentration was superior in reducing oxidative stress by lowering MDA levels. These findings suggest that adding 5 mg/mL methanolic bee pollen extract to the extender improves ram sperm quality and may be an effective strategy for semen preservation.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103671_f1c19bb40710fc0bdfec924ca0f8225b.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Effect of Walnut and Green Tea Ethanolic Extract to Mitigate Methane Emission and VFA Concentration in EwesEffect of Walnut and Green Tea Ethanolic Extract to Mitigate Methane Emission and VFA Concentration in Ewes799910333710.22059/ijas.2025.394591.654074FAMaryamSahebi-AlaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHamedKhalilvandi-BehroozyarDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranRasoulPirmohammadiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranEhsanAnassoriDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20250521This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of walnut leaves and green tea leaves on ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane and total gas production under in vitro conditions, and microbial population in lactating ewes using microbial-based methods. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a control group (no extract) and three experimental groups receiving 100 mg extract per kg of live weight from walnut leaves, green tea leaves, or an 1:1 ratio. Extracts were administered orally twice daily for two months. At the end of the period, rumen fluid was collected from each treatment and subjected to in vitro gas production tests, including total gas production, methane production, and protozoal counts, conducted in three independent runs with four replicates per treatment. The results indicated that the control group had the highest potential gas production (A) at 373.60 mL, while the mixture of extracts showed the lowest (265.60 mL). The molar proportion of acetate decreased, and that of propionate increased significantly, with the highest propionate values observed in the mixture (34.39%) and walnut leaf (32.21%) treatments, and the lowest in the control (29.80%) and green tea leaf (29.66%) treatments. The combination of extracts led to a reduction in protozoa and methanogen populations, while fungal populations increased significantly (P < 0.02). Overall, the findings suggest that dietary inclusion of these extracts in lactating ewes may beneficially modify rumen fermentation patterns in terms of volatile fatty acid profiles, gas production, and microbial populations.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of walnut leaves and green tea leaves on ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane and total gas production under in vitro conditions, and microbial population in lactating ewes using microbial-based methods. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a control group (no extract) and three experimental groups receiving 100 mg extract per kg of live weight from walnut leaves, green tea leaves, or an 1:1 ratio. Extracts were administered orally twice daily for two months. At the end of the period, rumen fluid was collected from each treatment and subjected to in vitro gas production tests, including total gas production, methane production, and protozoal counts, conducted in three independent runs with four replicates per treatment. The results indicated that the control group had the highest potential gas production (A) at 373.60 mL, while the mixture of extracts showed the lowest (265.60 mL). The molar proportion of acetate decreased, and that of propionate increased significantly, with the highest propionate values observed in the mixture (34.39%) and walnut leaf (32.21%) treatments, and the lowest in the control (29.80%) and green tea leaf (29.66%) treatments. The combination of extracts led to a reduction in protozoa and methanogen populations, while fungal populations increased significantly (P < 0.02). Overall, the findings suggest that dietary inclusion of these extracts in lactating ewes may beneficially modify rumen fermentation patterns in terms of volatile fatty acid profiles, gas production, and microbial populations.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103337_10f3ffe25167f8f688e0227d8078d51c.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321The effect of different levels of genotyped animals in ssGBLUP evaluation on accuracy and response to selection: A simulation studyThe effect of different levels of genotyped animals in ssGBLUP evaluation on accuracy and response to selection: A simulation study10111210334110.22059/ijas.2025.395855.654078FAMehdiImaniDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.HosseinMoradi ShahrbabakDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.MohammadMoradi ShahrebabakDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.0000-0002-5255-609XJournal Article20250531The objective of this study was to investigate single step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) evaluation in different scenarios with different numbers of genotyped animals, pedigree errors and heritability using simulated data for weening weight of lambs. Different scenarios were simulated based on heritability and pedigree error, each of them with three levels, and genotyped animals based on five levels. Accuracy and response to selection were studied to compare different scenarios. The R environment was used to perform the simulation steps. With the increase in the percentage of genotyped animals in the ssGBLUP evaluation, the accuracy of selection increased and at different levels of heritability selection accuracy showed less difference. The mean accuracy in the scenario of non-genotyped animals with different levels of pedigree error and heritability was 0.5, and for the scenario with 100% of genotyped animals it was equal to 0.79. In the scenario with non-genotyped animals, pedigree error levels had an inverse relationship with the accuracy of the ssGBLUP evaluations. By increasing the percentage of genotyped animals, the effect of pedigree error with the accuracy of ssGBLUP evaluations becomes less. Also, with the increasing number of genotyped animals, response to selection mean increased. Pedigree error showed a significant effect in a scenario with non-genotyped animals. When the number of genotyped animals added the effect of pedigree error was adjusted and its effect on the response to selection rate decreased. According to obtained results, ssGBLUP evaluation is a suitable choice for genetic analysis of small animal populations.The objective of this study was to investigate single step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) evaluation in different scenarios with different numbers of genotyped animals, pedigree errors and heritability using simulated data for weening weight of lambs. Different scenarios were simulated based on heritability and pedigree error, each of them with three levels, and genotyped animals based on five levels. Accuracy and response to selection were studied to compare different scenarios. The R environment was used to perform the simulation steps. With the increase in the percentage of genotyped animals in the ssGBLUP evaluation, the accuracy of selection increased and at different levels of heritability selection accuracy showed less difference. The mean accuracy in the scenario of non-genotyped animals with different levels of pedigree error and heritability was 0.5, and for the scenario with 100% of genotyped animals it was equal to 0.79. In the scenario with non-genotyped animals, pedigree error levels had an inverse relationship with the accuracy of the ssGBLUP evaluations. By increasing the percentage of genotyped animals, the effect of pedigree error with the accuracy of ssGBLUP evaluations becomes less. Also, with the increasing number of genotyped animals, response to selection mean increased. Pedigree error showed a significant effect in a scenario with non-genotyped animals. When the number of genotyped animals added the effect of pedigree error was adjusted and its effect on the response to selection rate decreased. According to obtained results, ssGBLUP evaluation is a suitable choice for genetic analysis of small animal populations.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103341_09dc01a8367b9c803578ebc1836808aa.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321The Supplemental Effect of postbiotic Floresis on Health and Productive Parameters in Holstein CowsThe Supplemental Effect of postbiotic Floresis on Health and Productive Parameters in Holstein Cows11313010334210.22059/ijas.2025.396007.654079FAZahraRezaeiDepartment of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, IranArminTowhidiDepartment of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, IranMahdiGanjkhanlouDepartment of Anima Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranHamidGhasemzadeh-navaDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250612This study investigated the effects of Floresis postbiotic supplementation on the health and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows (parity ≥2) were randomly allocated to two groups in a completely randomized design: a control group (no postbiotic) and a treatment group receiving 500 g/day of Floresis postbiotic. The experimental period spanned from 21 days prepartum—including a 7-day adaptation period—to 49 days postpartum. Milk and fecal samples were collected at defined intervals (milk: days 3, 14, 28, and 49 postpartum; feces: day 14 prepartum and day 49 postpartum). Production parameters included milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose, and somatic cell count). Health indicators included body condition score, body weight, dry matter intake, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, fecal score, and fecal coliform counts.<br />Postbiotic supplementation significantly increased milk yield (30.42 vs. 26.85 kg/day; P < 0.05), and improved milk composition, including fat content (P < 0.01), protein and lactose percentages and yields (P < 0.01), and reduced somatic cell count (P < 0.01). Additionally, rectal temperature (P < 0.01) and heart rate (P ≤ 0.02) were improved in the treatment group, suggesting better physiological stability. No significant differences were observed in other measured parameters. These findings indicate that Floresis postbiotic can be a safe and effective supplement for improving the health and productive performance of dairy cows.This study investigated the effects of Floresis postbiotic supplementation on the health and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows (parity ≥2) were randomly allocated to two groups in a completely randomized design: a control group (no postbiotic) and a treatment group receiving 500 g/day of Floresis postbiotic. The experimental period spanned from 21 days prepartum—including a 7-day adaptation period—to 49 days postpartum. Milk and fecal samples were collected at defined intervals (milk: days 3, 14, 28, and 49 postpartum; feces: day 14 prepartum and day 49 postpartum). Production parameters included milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose, and somatic cell count). Health indicators included body condition score, body weight, dry matter intake, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, fecal score, and fecal coliform counts.<br />Postbiotic supplementation significantly increased milk yield (30.42 vs. 26.85 kg/day; P < 0.05), and improved milk composition, including fat content (P < 0.01), protein and lactose percentages and yields (P < 0.01), and reduced somatic cell count (P < 0.01). Additionally, rectal temperature (P < 0.01) and heart rate (P ≤ 0.02) were improved in the treatment group, suggesting better physiological stability. No significant differences were observed in other measured parameters. These findings indicate that Floresis postbiotic can be a safe and effective supplement for improving the health and productive performance of dairy cows.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103342_24e907e84eca8c2fd3d048ea40e1f3b1.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321The Replacing Effect of Corn Silage with Triticale Silage on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Milk Production in Lactating CowsThe Replacing Effect of Corn Silage with Triticale Silage on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Milk Production in Lactating Cows13114610434010.22059/ijas.2025.397292.654083FAHassanKhamisabadiDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.AlirezaAshkvariGraduate student of Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.HasanFazaeliDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.AlirezaAghashahiDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.0000-0001-5035-3865Journal Article20250622This research sought to evaluate triticale (a winter crop) as a suitable alternative to corn silage in dairy cow diets, examining its advantages over conventional forage in relation to feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and quality, along with an economic assessment. The experiment involved 10 Holstein-Simmental crossbred dairy cows with similar production levels and physiological states, divided into two 30-day trial periods. A completely randomized factorial design was used to compare two treatments and each treatment with 10 replications: 1) a control diet containing corn silage and 2) a diet incorporating triticale silage. Based on National Research Council standards, the experimental diets were balanced for protein and energy content. The data were then analyzed using SAS software. When compared to corn silage, triticale silage resulted in lower feed intake as well as reduced organic matter and protein digestibility. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibility improved with triticale silage. No significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in milk yield or composition between the two treatments. Due to its lower cost, reduced feed intake, and the same milk output, the triticale-based diet proved significantly more economically viable than corn silage (P<0.01). In sum, it can be concluded that secondary cultivation of triticale with low water requirements, especially in areas with abundant rainfall such as Mazandaran Province, can be a suitable solution to compensate for the shortage of forage and improve the country's livestock farming conditions.This research sought to evaluate triticale (a winter crop) as a suitable alternative to corn silage in dairy cow diets, examining its advantages over conventional forage in relation to feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and quality, along with an economic assessment. The experiment involved 10 Holstein-Simmental crossbred dairy cows with similar production levels and physiological states, divided into two 30-day trial periods. A completely randomized factorial design was used to compare two treatments and each treatment with 10 replications: 1) a control diet containing corn silage and 2) a diet incorporating triticale silage. Based on National Research Council standards, the experimental diets were balanced for protein and energy content. The data were then analyzed using SAS software. When compared to corn silage, triticale silage resulted in lower feed intake as well as reduced organic matter and protein digestibility. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibility improved with triticale silage. No significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in milk yield or composition between the two treatments. Due to its lower cost, reduced feed intake, and the same milk output, the triticale-based diet proved significantly more economically viable than corn silage (P<0.01). In sum, it can be concluded that secondary cultivation of triticale with low water requirements, especially in areas with abundant rainfall such as Mazandaran Province, can be a suitable solution to compensate for the shortage of forage and improve the country's livestock farming conditions.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_104340_c0ecdb5705225d3536ca12d4a6bebc85.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for identification of gene networks related to marbling in beef cattleMeta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for identification of gene networks related to marbling in beef cattle14716310334610.22059/ijas.2025.397822.654086FAEhsanMoazamiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman, IranAliEsmailizadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman, IranMohamad RezaMohamadabadiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman, IranImanMoazamiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman, IranJournal Article20250702Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is a critical quality trait in beef cattle, directly influencing flavor, juiciness, and tenderness, and significantly contributing to the economic value and marketability of beef. This Meta-analysis aimed to identify genomic regions and gene networks associated with marbling in beef cattle. By integrating data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene network analyses, we investigated genomic regions and candidate genes affecting this trait. Data were collected from reputable scientific databases, standardized, and analyzed using Fisher’s and Stouffer’s statistical methods to enhance statistical power. The Results revealed that chromosome 15, harboring the <em>CADM1</em> gene with the highest significance level (-log10(p) = 29.24), plays a pivotal role in regulating marbling. Additionally, chromosomes 1, 2, 12, 17, 19, and 24 were also identified as key regions containing genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune response. Gene coexpression network analysis identified two hub genes, <em>CLEC12A</em> and <em>CD69</em>, on chromosome 5, which regulate biological pathways including lipid metabolism, immune regulation, cellular signaling, and transcriptional control. The observed scale-free network structure demonstrated biological stability and flexibility. These findings provide opportunities for developing molecular markers for targeted genomic selection, enhancing beef quality and increasing the global competitiveness of the beef industry. Future studies leveraging whole-genome sequencing and multi-omics analyses may further refine these results.Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is a critical quality trait in beef cattle, directly influencing flavor, juiciness, and tenderness, and significantly contributing to the economic value and marketability of beef. This Meta-analysis aimed to identify genomic regions and gene networks associated with marbling in beef cattle. By integrating data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene network analyses, we investigated genomic regions and candidate genes affecting this trait. Data were collected from reputable scientific databases, standardized, and analyzed using Fisher’s and Stouffer’s statistical methods to enhance statistical power. The Results revealed that chromosome 15, harboring the <em>CADM1</em> gene with the highest significance level (-log10(p) = 29.24), plays a pivotal role in regulating marbling. Additionally, chromosomes 1, 2, 12, 17, 19, and 24 were also identified as key regions containing genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune response. Gene coexpression network analysis identified two hub genes, <em>CLEC12A</em> and <em>CD69</em>, on chromosome 5, which regulate biological pathways including lipid metabolism, immune regulation, cellular signaling, and transcriptional control. The observed scale-free network structure demonstrated biological stability and flexibility. These findings provide opportunities for developing molecular markers for targeted genomic selection, enhancing beef quality and increasing the global competitiveness of the beef industry. Future studies leveraging whole-genome sequencing and multi-omics analyses may further refine these results.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103346_b891d1a59f133db3653a98cb940d0b85.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477357120260321Development of a Prediction Equation for the Metabolizable Energy of Wheat Bran in the Nutrition of Grower Period in Broiler ChickensDevelopment of a Prediction Equation for the Metabolizable Energy of Wheat Bran in the Nutrition of Grower Period in Broiler Chickens16517610334510.22059/ijas.2025.397649.654085FASeyed AliRaees SadatiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Karaj. IranHosseinMoravejDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Karaj. IranZeinabBromandniaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Karaj. IranJournal Article20250701This study was conducted to develop predictive regression equations for the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of wheat bran samples produced in Iran. To this end, twelve wheat bran samples were collected from flour mills across various provinces of the country (Alborz, Khuzestan, Hamedan, Shiraz, Azerbaijan, Lorestan, Kerman, Zanjan, Qom). The samples were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content.The apparent metabolizable energy of the wheat bran samples was determined in broiler chickens aged 22 to 27 days, using the substitution method in the diet and the CELITE marker (used as acid-insoluble ash) for digestibility calculations. The basal diet in this study consisted of corn and soybean meal, with wheat bran substituted at 30% of the basal diet.The data obtained from this experiment were analyzed using SPSS software, applying the ENTER regression procedure to develop predictive equations for AMEn based on the chemical composition of wheat bran samples.The resulting regression equations for predicting AMEn of Iranian wheat bran samples were derived, and among them, the most suitable equation was selected based on criteria including p-values of the equations, p-values of the independent variables’ coefficients, the coefficient of determination (R²), and the standard error of prediction (SEP), the most appropriate equation proposed was: AMEn=23.421×NFE.This study was conducted to develop predictive regression equations for the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of wheat bran samples produced in Iran. To this end, twelve wheat bran samples were collected from flour mills across various provinces of the country (Alborz, Khuzestan, Hamedan, Shiraz, Azerbaijan, Lorestan, Kerman, Zanjan, Qom). The samples were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content.The apparent metabolizable energy of the wheat bran samples was determined in broiler chickens aged 22 to 27 days, using the substitution method in the diet and the CELITE marker (used as acid-insoluble ash) for digestibility calculations. The basal diet in this study consisted of corn and soybean meal, with wheat bran substituted at 30% of the basal diet.The data obtained from this experiment were analyzed using SPSS software, applying the ENTER regression procedure to develop predictive equations for AMEn based on the chemical composition of wheat bran samples.The resulting regression equations for predicting AMEn of Iranian wheat bran samples were derived, and among them, the most suitable equation was selected based on criteria including p-values of the equations, p-values of the independent variables’ coefficients, the coefficient of determination (R²), and the standard error of prediction (SEP), the most appropriate equation proposed was: AMEn=23.421×NFE.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103345_355e83623bb534b4880f255922013e71.pdf