پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Determination of metabolizable energy value in Sunflower meal with and without enzymes addition by regression method in adult leghorn roostersDetermination of metabolizable energy value in Sunflower meal with and without enzymes addition by regression method in adult leghorn roosters73775110332810.22059/ijas.2025.372490.654008FARonakZamaniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranHosseinJanmohammadiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranYousefDidehbanDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranAliKhodadadiFood Hygiene, Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20250224The present study was to determine apparent metabolizable energy values corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of Sunflower Meal (SFM) with and without enzyme by regression method in adult Leghorn roosters. 48 adult Leghorn roosters were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×4 factorial arrangement, two levels of enzyme (0, 350 g/ ton) × four levels (o, 5, 10, 15 %) of SFM. The average values of DM, Ash, CP, EE, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) were 88.90, 6.5, 32.33, 3.1, 44.8, and 25% respectively and gross energy value of SFM was 4547 kcal/kg. By increasing the level of SFM in the experimental diets, the values of apparent dry matter metabolizability (ADMM), apparent organic dry matter metabolizability (AOMM), AMEn, and GE efficiency decreased significantly (p<0.05). The amount of AMEn decreased by 7.89%, equivalent to 260 kcal/kg in the diet containing 15% SFM compared to the control diet without SFM. The main effects of enzyme level caused a significant increase in AMEn values and GE efficiency (P<0.05). The improvement of AMEn was 1.14 percent. The equations for estimating AMEn of SFM, with and without enzyme addition were Y=2009.75-4.171X (R2=0.91) and Y=1596.14-2.414X (R2=0.91), respectively. AMEn value of SFM with and without enzyme by regression method was estimated 1592 and 1354 kcal/kg, respectively. The values obtained for AMEn of sunflower meal at the present study are recommended for formulating poultry diets and it could be probably effective in predicting bird performance.The present study was to determine apparent metabolizable energy values corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of Sunflower Meal (SFM) with and without enzyme by regression method in adult Leghorn roosters. 48 adult Leghorn roosters were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×4 factorial arrangement, two levels of enzyme (0, 350 g/ ton) × four levels (o, 5, 10, 15 %) of SFM. The average values of DM, Ash, CP, EE, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) were 88.90, 6.5, 32.33, 3.1, 44.8, and 25% respectively and gross energy value of SFM was 4547 kcal/kg. By increasing the level of SFM in the experimental diets, the values of apparent dry matter metabolizability (ADMM), apparent organic dry matter metabolizability (AOMM), AMEn, and GE efficiency decreased significantly (p<0.05). The amount of AMEn decreased by 7.89%, equivalent to 260 kcal/kg in the diet containing 15% SFM compared to the control diet without SFM. The main effects of enzyme level caused a significant increase in AMEn values and GE efficiency (P<0.05). The improvement of AMEn was 1.14 percent. The equations for estimating AMEn of SFM, with and without enzyme addition were Y=2009.75-4.171X (R2=0.91) and Y=1596.14-2.414X (R2=0.91), respectively. AMEn value of SFM with and without enzyme by regression method was estimated 1592 and 1354 kcal/kg, respectively. The values obtained for AMEn of sunflower meal at the present study are recommended for formulating poultry diets and it could be probably effective in predicting bird performance.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103328_a16ddbca18483e357385d245394d70b6.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Effect of processed corn on performance, immune response and nutrients digestibility in Arian broiler chickenEffect of processed corn on performance, immune response and nutrients digestibility in Arian broiler chicken75376510178810.22059/ijas.2025.386269.654047FAFatemehKamalzadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranHamid RezaTaheriDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranSeyed AbdullahHosseiniDepartment of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Amir HosseinAlizadeh-GhamsariDepartment of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranJournal Article20241202In this study, 750 Arian broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five replicates and 30 chicks per each replicate from 1 to 40 d of age. The experimental treatments contained 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% processed corn instead of unprocessed corn in the diet. The processed corn was prepared prior to this experiment through several processing steps including fermentation, cooking and infrared irradiation. All diets were formulated based on the recommendations of the Arian guideline and were nutritionally identical. The results showed that the use of processed corn throughout the rearing period (1 to 40 d of age) had no effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical traits and antibody titers against sheep red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus. Nevertheless,observations at specific time points indicated that, increasing the level of processed corn at 35 days of age led to a linear and quadratic improvement in body weight and feed conversion ratio, while feed intake improved quadratically from 1 to 28 days of age. Additionally, a higher relative breast weight was observed in a linear and quadratic manner. leal digestibility of protein and energy, as well as antibody titer against influenza, increased linearly and quadratically with higher levels of processed corn in the diet (P<0.05). Overall, Processing corn positively affected growth at certain points, with 75% replacement showing better results than other levels.In this study, 750 Arian broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five replicates and 30 chicks per each replicate from 1 to 40 d of age. The experimental treatments contained 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% processed corn instead of unprocessed corn in the diet. The processed corn was prepared prior to this experiment through several processing steps including fermentation, cooking and infrared irradiation. All diets were formulated based on the recommendations of the Arian guideline and were nutritionally identical. The results showed that the use of processed corn throughout the rearing period (1 to 40 d of age) had no effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical traits and antibody titers against sheep red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus. Nevertheless,observations at specific time points indicated that, increasing the level of processed corn at 35 days of age led to a linear and quadratic improvement in body weight and feed conversion ratio, while feed intake improved quadratically from 1 to 28 days of age. Additionally, a higher relative breast weight was observed in a linear and quadratic manner. leal digestibility of protein and energy, as well as antibody titer against influenza, increased linearly and quadratically with higher levels of processed corn in the diet (P<0.05). Overall, Processing corn positively affected growth at certain points, with 75% replacement showing better results than other levels.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_101788_460df1a00cba8e15df8f35e800660b8d.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222The effect of different fat sources on vital signs, blood parameters and hematology of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes under heat stress conditionsThe effect of different fat sources on vital signs, blood parameters and hematology of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes under heat stress conditions76779110053010.22059/ijas.2025.387547.654051FAKatayounMehraniDepartment of Animal and Poultry nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranTaghiGhoorchiDepartment of Animal and Poultry nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.AbdolhakimToghdoryDepartment of Animal and Poultry nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-5198-1940Journal Article20241224This study aimed to compare the effect of different fat sources on vital signs, biochemical and hematological blood parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes under heat stress conditions. For this purpose, 40 ewes were selected (20 three-month pregnant and 20 non-pregnant). This experiment was conducted according to a four-by-two factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments included: 1- control diet, 2- diet containing 6% safflower seeds, 3- diet containing 1.5% safflower oil and 4- diet containing 1.5% palm oil. The animals were kept for 42 days. According to the results of the present study, the body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate of the ewes were not affected by the physiological state and the type of fat consumed. The concentration of glucose, triglyceride and blood urea in the non-pregnant group was higher than in the pregnant group (P≥0.05). Ewes receiving different fat sources had higher cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations than the control (P≥0.05). The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity of pregnant ewes was higher than that of non-pregnant ewes (P≥0.05). No significant difference was observed between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes in cortisol and insulin concentrations. Adding different sources of fat decreased the concentration of cortisol, malondialdehyde, non-esterified fatty acids and increased the total antioxidant capacity. In general, according to the present results, the use of different sources of fat in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes reduced the negative effect of heat stress on the measured parameters.This study aimed to compare the effect of different fat sources on vital signs, biochemical and hematological blood parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes under heat stress conditions. For this purpose, 40 ewes were selected (20 three-month pregnant and 20 non-pregnant). This experiment was conducted according to a four-by-two factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments included: 1- control diet, 2- diet containing 6% safflower seeds, 3- diet containing 1.5% safflower oil and 4- diet containing 1.5% palm oil. The animals were kept for 42 days. According to the results of the present study, the body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate of the ewes were not affected by the physiological state and the type of fat consumed. The concentration of glucose, triglyceride and blood urea in the non-pregnant group was higher than in the pregnant group (P≥0.05). Ewes receiving different fat sources had higher cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations than the control (P≥0.05). The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity of pregnant ewes was higher than that of non-pregnant ewes (P≥0.05). No significant difference was observed between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes in cortisol and insulin concentrations. Adding different sources of fat decreased the concentration of cortisol, malondialdehyde, non-esterified fatty acids and increased the total antioxidant capacity. In general, according to the present results, the use of different sources of fat in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes reduced the negative effect of heat stress on the measured parameters.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_100530_f3e1dbccd20521a172cdb62fd7ad43c8.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Investigation of the Relationship Between Fecal Starch Concentration and other Fecal Components in Early Lactating Holstein CowsInvestigation of the Relationship Between Fecal Starch Concentration and other Fecal Components in Early Lactating Holstein Cows79381110333010.22059/ijas.2025.389978.654059FAAyubMohammadiDepartment of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz,, IranFarhangFatehiDepartment of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.0000-0003-3262-5841KamranReza-yazdiDepartment of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranAliSadeghi-SefidmazgiDepartment of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranMohammad HadiKhabazanProduction Manager of Ferdous Pars Agricultural and Livestock Holding, Tehran, IranFarhadParnian-khajehdizajAssistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, IranJournal Article20250210The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between fecal starch concentration and other fecal components in early Holstein lactating Cows. In current study, correlation coefficients between fecal starch concentration and other fecal components was studied and then univariate and multivariate regression approach used to select the best fecal starch fitting model using other fecal compositions in early Holstein lactating Cows. The present study conducted to estimate fecal starch excretion using other fecal components on 76 industrial dairies. The model fitting was performed based on univariate and multivariate regression. The results of univariate regression and correlation between fecal parameters showed an inverse relationship between fecal pH, fecal protein and fecal neutral detergent fiber with fecal starch excretion. Furthermore, based on univariate regression, it was shown that fecal pH had the highest coefficient of determination in estimating fecal starch (R² = 0.48). It was also demonstrated that the best estimation of fecal starch excretion is possible with high accuracy and precision using multiple regression with three factors: fecal pH, fecal protein percentage, and neutral detergent fiber percentage. Finally, the results of the present study showed that there is a significant correlation between excreted starch through feces and other compounds of feces, and also, it is possible to predict the concentration of excreted starch through feces using multivariate regression models with high accuracy.The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between fecal starch concentration and other fecal components in early Holstein lactating Cows. In current study, correlation coefficients between fecal starch concentration and other fecal components was studied and then univariate and multivariate regression approach used to select the best fecal starch fitting model using other fecal compositions in early Holstein lactating Cows. The present study conducted to estimate fecal starch excretion using other fecal components on 76 industrial dairies. The model fitting was performed based on univariate and multivariate regression. The results of univariate regression and correlation between fecal parameters showed an inverse relationship between fecal pH, fecal protein and fecal neutral detergent fiber with fecal starch excretion. Furthermore, based on univariate regression, it was shown that fecal pH had the highest coefficient of determination in estimating fecal starch (R² = 0.48). It was also demonstrated that the best estimation of fecal starch excretion is possible with high accuracy and precision using multiple regression with three factors: fecal pH, fecal protein percentage, and neutral detergent fiber percentage. Finally, the results of the present study showed that there is a significant correlation between excreted starch through feces and other compounds of feces, and also, it is possible to predict the concentration of excreted starch through feces using multivariate regression models with high accuracy.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103330_9a4fc5b1965a6ce88e34141634809589.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Investigating cysticercosis infection in slaughtered sheep and goats of Shahin Dezh city, West Azerbaijan provinceInvestigating cysticercosis infection in slaughtered sheep and goats of Shahin Dezh city, West Azerbaijan province81382410333210.22059/ijas.2025.391467.654064FAMohsenSalimiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranFarnazMalekifardDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, IranBijanEsmaeil NejadDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20250304Cysticercosis is a worldwide disease that affects farm animals. This condition, in sheep and goats, results in economic losses especially due to the condemnation of edible offal or meat. In this concern, the aim of this study was to examine cysticercosis among the sheep and goats slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Shahin Dej, west Azerbaijan Province, Iran. From 2023 to 2024, the cysticercosis prevalence in 250 sheep and 250 goats at the Shahin Dej slaughterhouse was determined. Data of animal species, sex, age and the type of cysticercosis infection were recorded. Out of a total of 500 sheep and goats carcasses examined, 34 carcasses (6.8 %) were infected with <em>Cysticercus</em> (21 carcasses (4.2 %) with <em>Cysticercus ovis</em> and 13 carcasses (2.6 %) with<em> Cysticercus tenuicollis</em>). In this study female goats and sheep were more frequently infected than males (<em>p</em><0.05). In addition, the infection rate was significant in different age groups of sheep and goats (<em>p</em><0.05). Findings indicated high frequency of <em>Cysticercus</em> infection in sheep and goats in the studied region. Therefore, the control methods, such as proper disposal of infected tissues and anthelmintic treatment of infected dogs, are necessary to reduce contamination and prevent economic loss in small ruminants.Cysticercosis is a worldwide disease that affects farm animals. This condition, in sheep and goats, results in economic losses especially due to the condemnation of edible offal or meat. In this concern, the aim of this study was to examine cysticercosis among the sheep and goats slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Shahin Dej, west Azerbaijan Province, Iran. From 2023 to 2024, the cysticercosis prevalence in 250 sheep and 250 goats at the Shahin Dej slaughterhouse was determined. Data of animal species, sex, age and the type of cysticercosis infection were recorded. Out of a total of 500 sheep and goats carcasses examined, 34 carcasses (6.8 %) were infected with <em>Cysticercus</em> (21 carcasses (4.2 %) with <em>Cysticercus ovis</em> and 13 carcasses (2.6 %) with<em> Cysticercus tenuicollis</em>). In this study female goats and sheep were more frequently infected than males (<em>p</em><0.05). In addition, the infection rate was significant in different age groups of sheep and goats (<em>p</em><0.05). Findings indicated high frequency of <em>Cysticercus</em> infection in sheep and goats in the studied region. Therefore, the control methods, such as proper disposal of infected tissues and anthelmintic treatment of infected dogs, are necessary to reduce contamination and prevent economic loss in small ruminants.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103332_5162dcd8cec15eba0997f730d3290a85.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Effect of Glutamin Feeding on Adipogenic Genes Expression in Muscle of Sheep Under Heat Stress ConditionEffect of Glutamin Feeding on Adipogenic Genes Expression in Muscle of Sheep Under Heat Stress Condition82583710333310.22059/ijas.2025.391639.654065FASeyed GhadirNasiriDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranZarbakhtAnsari PirsaraeiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranEssaDirandehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAsadollahTeimouri YansariDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranJournal Article20250309One of the goals of the sheep industry is to maintain the quality of the meat and increase the muscle mass, as well as to create welfare for the livestock. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of glutamine and protein nutrition on the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARG, LPL, CEBP/B) in the muscle of Zel sheep under heat stress conditions. Sixteen Zel male lambs (average weight 31.5 ± 0.22 kg and age 4 ± 0.5 months) were randomly selected and subjected to four experimental treatments for forty-five days. Experimental treatments include:1) Basic diet 2) Basic diet with glutamine (0.2 grams per kilogram of body weight (, 3) 10% more protein than needed, without glutamine And 4) 10% more protein with glutamine (0.2 g/kg body weight). A thigh biopsy was taken from the thigh muscle on day 42. The relative expression of genes was measured using Real Time-PCR and using specific primers of genes. The results showed that the relative expression of C/EBPB and PPARG genes increased significantly in all treatments compared to the control treatment. Also, the relative expression of LPL gene in treatment 4 (GP) was significantly decreased compared to the control treatment. Also, feeding glutamine and protein levels by changing the expression of adipogenic genes in the muscle of Zel sheep under heat stress conditions can probably have a positive effect on meat quality.One of the goals of the sheep industry is to maintain the quality of the meat and increase the muscle mass, as well as to create welfare for the livestock. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of glutamine and protein nutrition on the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARG, LPL, CEBP/B) in the muscle of Zel sheep under heat stress conditions. Sixteen Zel male lambs (average weight 31.5 ± 0.22 kg and age 4 ± 0.5 months) were randomly selected and subjected to four experimental treatments for forty-five days. Experimental treatments include:1) Basic diet 2) Basic diet with glutamine (0.2 grams per kilogram of body weight (, 3) 10% more protein than needed, without glutamine And 4) 10% more protein with glutamine (0.2 g/kg body weight). A thigh biopsy was taken from the thigh muscle on day 42. The relative expression of genes was measured using Real Time-PCR and using specific primers of genes. The results showed that the relative expression of C/EBPB and PPARG genes increased significantly in all treatments compared to the control treatment. Also, the relative expression of LPL gene in treatment 4 (GP) was significantly decreased compared to the control treatment. Also, feeding glutamine and protein levels by changing the expression of adipogenic genes in the muscle of Zel sheep under heat stress conditions can probably have a positive effect on meat quality.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103333_4e890e49a28df5adab1e6e970f5cfdd7.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Investigation of the Effects of Different Levels of Hydrolyzed Hoof Meal on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Jejunum Histology in Broiler Chickens During the Finisher PhaseInvestigation of the Effects of Different Levels of Hydrolyzed Hoof Meal on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Jejunum Histology in Broiler Chickens During the Finisher Phase83985510333410.22059/ijas.2025.391796.654066FAMohammad AliBehroozi LakDepartment of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Seyed AdelMoftakharzadehDepartment of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Seyed AbdullahHosseiniDepartment of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.MortezaBehroozlakDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Amir HosseinAlizadeh-GhamsariDepartment of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.HosnaHajatiDepartment of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20250315This study was conducted to study the effects of different levels of hydrolyzed hoof meal, as a dietary ingredient, on the performance, carcass characteristics, and jejunum histology of broiler chickens during the finisher phase with pelleted diets. Six hundred Ross 308 male broiler chicks, with equal average weight, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups in a completely randomized design, with five replicates per group and 30 birds per replicate, from 25 to 44 days of age. The experimental treatments included: (1) a control diet (without hoof meal), (2) a diet containing 2% hoof meal, (3) a diet containing 4% hoof meal, and (4) a diet containing 6% hoof meal. The results of performance showed that, compared to the control diet use of 2% and 6% of hoof meal reduced the cost of feed consumed per kilogram of live weight of chicks by improving the feed conversion ratio of the bird between 35 and 44 days of age. Relative carcass and thigh weight were increased by the dietary inclusion of 6% hydrolyzed hoof meal compared to the control (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that jejunal crypt depth was significantly decreased in broilers fed 2% hydrolyzed hoof meal compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that feeding dietary hydrolyzed hoof meal during the finisher phase positively influenced broiler carcass traits and jejunum histology without negatively impacting performance.This study was conducted to study the effects of different levels of hydrolyzed hoof meal, as a dietary ingredient, on the performance, carcass characteristics, and jejunum histology of broiler chickens during the finisher phase with pelleted diets. Six hundred Ross 308 male broiler chicks, with equal average weight, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups in a completely randomized design, with five replicates per group and 30 birds per replicate, from 25 to 44 days of age. The experimental treatments included: (1) a control diet (without hoof meal), (2) a diet containing 2% hoof meal, (3) a diet containing 4% hoof meal, and (4) a diet containing 6% hoof meal. The results of performance showed that, compared to the control diet use of 2% and 6% of hoof meal reduced the cost of feed consumed per kilogram of live weight of chicks by improving the feed conversion ratio of the bird between 35 and 44 days of age. Relative carcass and thigh weight were increased by the dietary inclusion of 6% hydrolyzed hoof meal compared to the control (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that jejunal crypt depth was significantly decreased in broilers fed 2% hydrolyzed hoof meal compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that feeding dietary hydrolyzed hoof meal during the finisher phase positively influenced broiler carcass traits and jejunum histology without negatively impacting performance.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103334_5492d7252df969114e673d52be09f7e0.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Effect Of Reducing Rumen Undegradable Protein And Protected Lysine And Methionine Supplementation on Dry Matter Intake, Milk Yield And Composition And Nutrient Digestibility of Holstein Cows in Early LactationEffect Of Reducing Rumen Undegradable Protein And Protected Lysine And Methionine Supplementation on Dry Matter Intake, Milk Yield And Composition And Nutrient Digestibility of Holstein Cows in Early Lactation85787110333610.22059/ijas.2025.392390.654070FAMaryamNowroziDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran0009-0001-9652-7258FarshidFatahniaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, IranMehdiBahrami YekdangiAnimal Sciences Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Karaj. IranMohammadShamsollahiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, IranMaryamAthani AshariAnimal Sciences Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Karaj. IranJournal Article20250409The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reducing level of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and rumen-protected lysine and methionine supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition and total tract nutrients digestibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Twelve multiparous (parity = 2; average milk yield = 48 ± 1; days in milk = 80 ± 2) Holstein dairy cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin square design (4 treatments in 4 periods). Each period lasted 21 d with 14 d of experimental diets adaptation and 7 d of data recording and sample collection. The experimental diets included 1- diet containing 17.32% crude protein (CP) without rumen-protected lysine (RPL)and methionine (RPM) supplementation (CP17.32-NoRPL-NoRPM), 2- diet containing 16.08% CP and 0.045% RPM (CP16.08-RPM0.045%), 3- diet containing 15.18% CP and 0.075% RPM (CP15.18-RPM0.075%), and 4- diet containing 14.2% CP, 0.105% RPM, and 0.037% RPL (CP14.2-RPM0.105%-RPL0.037%). Results showed that the lowest DMI was observed in cows fed CP14.2-RPM0.105%-RPL0.037% and CP15.18-RPM0.075% diets compared to others (P<0.05). Milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk and milk component production were not affected by the experimental diets (P<0.05). Experimental diets did not affect total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (P<0.05). The highest total tract apparent digestibility of CP were observed in cows fed CP17.32-NoRPL-NoRPM (P<0.05). Overall, feeding CP15.18-RPM0.075% diet improved productive performance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reducing level of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and rumen-protected lysine and methionine supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition and total tract nutrients digestibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Twelve multiparous (parity = 2; average milk yield = 48 ± 1; days in milk = 80 ± 2) Holstein dairy cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin square design (4 treatments in 4 periods). Each period lasted 21 d with 14 d of experimental diets adaptation and 7 d of data recording and sample collection. The experimental diets included 1- diet containing 17.32% crude protein (CP) without rumen-protected lysine (RPL)and methionine (RPM) supplementation (CP17.32-NoRPL-NoRPM), 2- diet containing 16.08% CP and 0.045% RPM (CP16.08-RPM0.045%), 3- diet containing 15.18% CP and 0.075% RPM (CP15.18-RPM0.075%), and 4- diet containing 14.2% CP, 0.105% RPM, and 0.037% RPL (CP14.2-RPM0.105%-RPL0.037%). Results showed that the lowest DMI was observed in cows fed CP14.2-RPM0.105%-RPL0.037% and CP15.18-RPM0.075% diets compared to others (P<0.05). Milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk and milk component production were not affected by the experimental diets (P<0.05). Experimental diets did not affect total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (P<0.05). The highest total tract apparent digestibility of CP were observed in cows fed CP17.32-NoRPL-NoRPM (P<0.05). Overall, feeding CP15.18-RPM0.075% diet improved productive performance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103336_39760733198b5cd7b4311169defe3cd5.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Evaluation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capparis Spinosa L. fruit on growth performance, blood biochemical indices and immune system of broiler chickensEvaluation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capparis Spinosa L. fruit on growth performance, blood biochemical indices and immune system of broiler chickens87388910333510.22059/ijas.2025.392080.654069FAAbdolvahedEslahtalabAnimal Science Department, Agricultural faculty, University of Birjand, I.R. IranNazarAfzaliAnimal Science Department, Agricultural faculty, University of Birjand, I.R. Iran0000-0001-7426-8454Seyyed JavadHosseini-VashanAnimal Science Department, Agricultural faculty, University of Birjand, I.R. IranHosseinNaeimipouryounesiAnimal Science Department, Agricultural faculty, University of Birjand, I.R. IranJournal Article20250406This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit on growth performance, blood biochemical and immune system indices in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 450 one-day-old broiler chickens of Ross 308 were allotted in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replication. Dietary treatments were involved control and four levels 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg of aqueous extracts and four levels of 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg alcoholic extracts of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit in diet. The chicks were fed with three dietary phase including starter (1 to 10 days), grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days). At 42 days, two chicks were selected from each replicate and sacrificed, and blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL. The results showed that the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not affect by the supplementation of extract to the diet, however both of them in the whole experimental period (1 to 42 days) were respectively increased and decreased by the levels of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extracts higher than 300 mg/kg as compare to control diet. Although there was no difference in the starter and grower periods, but in the finisher period, <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extracts reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared to the control (P <0.05). Supplementation of aqueous and alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extract reduced the blood concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride of broilers compared to the control. Addition of aqueous and alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit reduced the activity of ALT and AST enzymes in broiler, which indicates improved the heart and liver function. The findings of the present study showed that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> may improve growth performance, and have a positive effect on blood lipids reduction, improving immune response, and reduction of abdominal fat. Therefore, a level of 300 mg/kg of aqueous or alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa </em>in diet is recommended in the diet of broiler chickens.This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit on growth performance, blood biochemical and immune system indices in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 450 one-day-old broiler chickens of Ross 308 were allotted in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replication. Dietary treatments were involved control and four levels 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg of aqueous extracts and four levels of 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg alcoholic extracts of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit in diet. The chicks were fed with three dietary phase including starter (1 to 10 days), grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days). At 42 days, two chicks were selected from each replicate and sacrificed, and blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL. The results showed that the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not affect by the supplementation of extract to the diet, however both of them in the whole experimental period (1 to 42 days) were respectively increased and decreased by the levels of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extracts higher than 300 mg/kg as compare to control diet. Although there was no difference in the starter and grower periods, but in the finisher period, <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extracts reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared to the control (P <0.05). Supplementation of aqueous and alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit extract reduced the blood concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride of broilers compared to the control. Addition of aqueous and alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> fruit reduced the activity of ALT and AST enzymes in broiler, which indicates improved the heart and liver function. The findings of the present study showed that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the <em>Capparis Spinosa</em> may improve growth performance, and have a positive effect on blood lipids reduction, improving immune response, and reduction of abdominal fat. Therefore, a level of 300 mg/kg of aqueous or alcoholic extract of <em>Capparis Spinosa </em>in diet is recommended in the diet of broiler chickens.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103335_f36138191b40a39052c32891abfafa8b.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Predicting The Growth Curve of Healthy And Ascites Arian Broiler Chickens Using Nonlinear ModelsPredicting The Growth Curve of Healthy And Ascites Arian Broiler Chickens Using Nonlinear Models89190510333810.22059/ijas.2025.394726.654075FAVahidJanizadehDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranSadeghAlijaniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University if Tabriz,, Tabriz,, IranSeyed AbbasRafatDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranHasanHasanpourDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-8936-684XJournal Article20250515This research aimed to identify the best nonlinear mixed model to fit the growth curve of healthy and ascites-affected broiler chickens. Body weight records of 823 chickens from the paternal line B of the commercial Arian strain were used, from birth to 45 days. These chickens (381 males, 442 females) were raised at the University of Tabriz research station, with feeding and rearing conditions following guidelines from the Arian Broiler Line Breeding and Improvement Complex in Babolkanar. Results from parameter estimation with a global random effect for eight nonlinear mixed models indicated that the Mitscherlich model was selected as the best for healthy and ascites-affected males (AIC = 33945, 7012.50), and the log-logistic model was best for healthy and ascites-affected females (AIC = 41061, 1468.30). These two models, each with three parameters (B, A, and K), were examined with random effects considered for each parameter. The lowest AIC and BIC values for the log-logistic model were observed with two random parameters (B, K) at 53985 and 54038, respectively, followed by three random parameters (B, A, and K) at 54069 and 54006, respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that the Mitscherlich model for male chicks (healthy and ascetic) and the log-logistic model for female chicks provide the best fit for growth curves under both healthy and ascetic conditions. These models can be valuable in more precise genetic evaluations.This research aimed to identify the best nonlinear mixed model to fit the growth curve of healthy and ascites-affected broiler chickens. Body weight records of 823 chickens from the paternal line B of the commercial Arian strain were used, from birth to 45 days. These chickens (381 males, 442 females) were raised at the University of Tabriz research station, with feeding and rearing conditions following guidelines from the Arian Broiler Line Breeding and Improvement Complex in Babolkanar. Results from parameter estimation with a global random effect for eight nonlinear mixed models indicated that the Mitscherlich model was selected as the best for healthy and ascites-affected males (AIC = 33945, 7012.50), and the log-logistic model was best for healthy and ascites-affected females (AIC = 41061, 1468.30). These two models, each with three parameters (B, A, and K), were examined with random effects considered for each parameter. The lowest AIC and BIC values for the log-logistic model were observed with two random parameters (B, K) at 53985 and 54038, respectively, followed by three random parameters (B, A, and K) at 54069 and 54006, respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that the Mitscherlich model for male chicks (healthy and ascetic) and the log-logistic model for female chicks provide the best fit for growth curves under both healthy and ascetic conditions. These models can be valuable in more precise genetic evaluations.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103338_1c7685aede1206cae486632862ab39f1.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in slaughtered sheep and goats at Tabriz abattoir during 2023–2024Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in slaughtered sheep and goats at Tabriz abattoir during 2023–202490791310333910.22059/ijas.2025.394904.654076FANasserHajipourDepartment of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, IranJournal Article20250511<em>Linguatula serrata </em>is an important zoonotic parasite whose nymphal stage resides in the liver, lungs, and mesenteric lymph nodes of small ruminants as intermediate hosts, while the adult form inhabits the nasal sinuses of carnivores, including dogs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nymphal <em>L. serrata</em> infestation in sheep and goats slaughtered at the Tabriz industrial abattoir. Over the course of one year, from April 2023 to April 2024, a total of 4000 mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 800 animals (400 sheep and 400 goats) and examined morphologically for the presence of nymphs. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test in SPSS software version 26. Results showed that 14.8% of the animals and 8.85% of the lymph nodes were infested. The prevalence was significantly higher in goats (19.3%) than in sheep (10.3%) (p<0.05). Infestation rates were significantly higher in females than males for both species. In goats, the prevalence increased significantly with age (p=0.009), while in sheep, this trend was not statistically significant. Additionally, higher infestation rates were observed during the colder seasons, especially autumn (p<0.05). Overall, the results suggest that the prevalence of <em>L. serrata</em> nymph infestation in slaughtered sheep and goats in Tabriz was lower than some previous reports from the region, possibly indicating a decreasing trend. These findings highlight the importance of control measures and continuous monitoring to prevent this zoonotic parasitic infection.<em>Linguatula serrata </em>is an important zoonotic parasite whose nymphal stage resides in the liver, lungs, and mesenteric lymph nodes of small ruminants as intermediate hosts, while the adult form inhabits the nasal sinuses of carnivores, including dogs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nymphal <em>L. serrata</em> infestation in sheep and goats slaughtered at the Tabriz industrial abattoir. Over the course of one year, from April 2023 to April 2024, a total of 4000 mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 800 animals (400 sheep and 400 goats) and examined morphologically for the presence of nymphs. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test in SPSS software version 26. Results showed that 14.8% of the animals and 8.85% of the lymph nodes were infested. The prevalence was significantly higher in goats (19.3%) than in sheep (10.3%) (p<0.05). Infestation rates were significantly higher in females than males for both species. In goats, the prevalence increased significantly with age (p=0.009), while in sheep, this trend was not statistically significant. Additionally, higher infestation rates were observed during the colder seasons, especially autumn (p<0.05). Overall, the results suggest that the prevalence of <em>L. serrata</em> nymph infestation in slaughtered sheep and goats in Tabriz was lower than some previous reports from the region, possibly indicating a decreasing trend. These findings highlight the importance of control measures and continuous monitoring to prevent this zoonotic parasitic infection.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103339_7ca43310671e5597b6976a9275522b73.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Effects of vitamin and trace mineral content in feed of broiler breeder hen on their progeny growth, immunity response and bone mineralization parametersEffects of vitamin and trace mineral content in feed of broiler breeder hen on their progeny growth, immunity response and bone mineralization parameters91593610333110.22059/ijas.2025.390302.654060FARaminValizadehDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Tabriz CityHosseinJanmohammadi, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.AkbarTagizadehDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-9120-1662MojtabaZaghariDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran.RuhollahKianfarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.0000-0003-3950-8963Journal Article20250220This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals recommendations in broiler breeder hens on growth performance, immunity response and bone parameters in the progeny. 520 broiler breeder hens aged 50 weeks were used for 12 weeks in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 4 replications, with 10 hens in each replication, and one rooster for every 10 hens. The experimental treatments included two dietary nutrient recommendation based on Ross 308 parent stock and 4th Brazilian tables for poultry, three levels of 100, 80, and 60 percent vitamins and trace minerals based on Ross recommendation, and two levels of 100, 80 vitamins and trace minerals based on Brazilian table recommendations '. Experimental treatments included T1(RM100, RV100), T2(RM80, RV100), T3(RM60, RV100), T4(RM100, RV80), T5(RM80, RV80), T6(RM60, RV80), T7(RM100, RV60), T8(RM80, RV60), T9(RM60, RV60), T10(BM100, BV100), T11(BM80, BV100), T12(BM100, BV80) and T13(BM80, BV80). Then, the progenies from each treatment were hatched and penned separately and raised for 35 days under standard conditions. The level of vitamins and minerals consumed in the diet of progeny was 50% of the Ross-broiler recommendations (2021). The results showed that the average feed intake from (ADFI) 1 to 35 days of age, femur diaphysis diameter, daily weight gain from (ADG) 1 to 35 days of age, and feed conversion ratio corrected for initial weight from (FCRC) 1 to 35 days of age were statistically significantly different between the experimental diets (P<0.05). Similarly, the effect of the experimental treatments on one-day-old chick weight, femur weight, bone ash percentage, bone density index, influenza and Newcastle disease titers was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the results showed that the femur breaking force was significantly different between the experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results also showed that the level of immunoglobulin M in treatment T3(RM60, RV100) was significantly higher than treatments T1(RM100, RV100), T8(RM80, RV60) and T13(BM80, BV80). The results also showed that statistically, treatment T3(RM60, RV100) had a higher immunoglobulin T titer than other treatments (P<0.05). Overall, the best response based on hemorrhagic immune response was observed in treatment 3 (RM60, RV100), based on femur strength index in treatment 2 (RM80, RV100), and based on feed conversion ratio (1-35 days of age), in treatment 13 (BM80, BV80).This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals recommendations in broiler breeder hens on growth performance, immunity response and bone parameters in the progeny. 520 broiler breeder hens aged 50 weeks were used for 12 weeks in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 4 replications, with 10 hens in each replication, and one rooster for every 10 hens. The experimental treatments included two dietary nutrient recommendation based on Ross 308 parent stock and 4th Brazilian tables for poultry, three levels of 100, 80, and 60 percent vitamins and trace minerals based on Ross recommendation, and two levels of 100, 80 vitamins and trace minerals based on Brazilian table recommendations '. Experimental treatments included T1(RM100, RV100), T2(RM80, RV100), T3(RM60, RV100), T4(RM100, RV80), T5(RM80, RV80), T6(RM60, RV80), T7(RM100, RV60), T8(RM80, RV60), T9(RM60, RV60), T10(BM100, BV100), T11(BM80, BV100), T12(BM100, BV80) and T13(BM80, BV80). Then, the progenies from each treatment were hatched and penned separately and raised for 35 days under standard conditions. The level of vitamins and minerals consumed in the diet of progeny was 50% of the Ross-broiler recommendations (2021). The results showed that the average feed intake from (ADFI) 1 to 35 days of age, femur diaphysis diameter, daily weight gain from (ADG) 1 to 35 days of age, and feed conversion ratio corrected for initial weight from (FCRC) 1 to 35 days of age were statistically significantly different between the experimental diets (P<0.05). Similarly, the effect of the experimental treatments on one-day-old chick weight, femur weight, bone ash percentage, bone density index, influenza and Newcastle disease titers was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the results showed that the femur breaking force was significantly different between the experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results also showed that the level of immunoglobulin M in treatment T3(RM60, RV100) was significantly higher than treatments T1(RM100, RV100), T8(RM80, RV60) and T13(BM80, BV80). The results also showed that statistically, treatment T3(RM60, RV100) had a higher immunoglobulin T titer than other treatments (P<0.05). Overall, the best response based on hemorrhagic immune response was observed in treatment 3 (RM60, RV100), based on femur strength index in treatment 2 (RM80, RV100), and based on feed conversion ratio (1-35 days of age), in treatment 13 (BM80, BV80).https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103331_6d1fb9e0fad48d36893719014158f303.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CXCR1 gene and its association with milk quality traits in different cattle breedsAnalysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CXCR1 gene and its association with milk quality traits in different cattle breeds93795710334310.22059/ijas.2025.396788.654080FASinaAskariDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranMohammadRokoueiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranGholam RezaDashabDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.MehdiVafae VallehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranAhmadrezaJahantighDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranJournal Article20250609The CXCR1 gene is associated with milk production and mastitis resistance/sensitivity in dairy cows. This study aimed to identify polymorphisms in the CXCR1 gene and their association with milk quality traits in Holstein, Sistani, and Sistani×Simmental crossbred cows. Over three months, blood and milk samples were collected from 27 cows (10 Sistani, 10 Holstein, and 7 Sistani×Simmental). Milk components, including fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages, were measured. DNA was extracted using an optimized salting-out method, and a 594 bp fragment of the CXCR1 gene was amplified and sequenced via the Sanger method. Polymorphic regions were identified, and genetic structures were analyzed using MEGA11 and Dnasp5 software. Multiple linear regression and GLM procedures in SAS 9.4 were used to assess associations with milk quality traits. Results indicated limited genetic diversity in the CXCR1 gene among breeds, with Holsteins showing the highest divergence. Ten polymorphic sites and five amino acid changes were identified, with a d<sub>N</sub>/d<sub>S</sub> ratio of 1.63, suggesting natural selection's role in gene evolution. Notably, variants in the SNP230 region significantly correlated with fat, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages in milk. These findings underscore the CXCR1 gene's potential in enhancing dairy cattle breeding programs.The CXCR1 gene is associated with milk production and mastitis resistance/sensitivity in dairy cows. This study aimed to identify polymorphisms in the CXCR1 gene and their association with milk quality traits in Holstein, Sistani, and Sistani×Simmental crossbred cows. Over three months, blood and milk samples were collected from 27 cows (10 Sistani, 10 Holstein, and 7 Sistani×Simmental). Milk components, including fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages, were measured. DNA was extracted using an optimized salting-out method, and a 594 bp fragment of the CXCR1 gene was amplified and sequenced via the Sanger method. Polymorphic regions were identified, and genetic structures were analyzed using MEGA11 and Dnasp5 software. Multiple linear regression and GLM procedures in SAS 9.4 were used to assess associations with milk quality traits. Results indicated limited genetic diversity in the CXCR1 gene among breeds, with Holsteins showing the highest divergence. Ten polymorphic sites and five amino acid changes were identified, with a d<sub>N</sub>/d<sub>S</sub> ratio of 1.63, suggesting natural selection's role in gene evolution. Notably, variants in the SNP230 region significantly correlated with fat, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages in milk. These findings underscore the CXCR1 gene's potential in enhancing dairy cattle breeding programs.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103343_7c9ebcbf6c8011663cb26912b62701aa.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222The effects of replacement of forage source with date palm leaves based on undigested neutral detergent fiber on performance of feedlot lambs Effect of different levels of vitamin A injection before mating on reproductive performance of Afshari ewesThe effects of replacement of forage source with date palm leaves based on undigested neutral detergent fiber on performance of feedlot lambs Effect of different levels of vitamin A injection before mating on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes95997010334410.22059/ijas.2025.396853.654082FAFereshtehAsgariDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, IranMohammadShamsollahiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.FarshidFatahniaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.MohammadAkbari QaraeiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.0000-0002-4903-8638ShahnazYousefizadehDepartment of Laboratory and Clinical Science, Faculty of Para Veterinary, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.Journal Article20250609The present research aimed to study the effect of different levels of vitamin A injection before mating on plasma parameters, antioxidant status and reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. For this purpose, 75 adult Afshari ewes (age = 3.6±0.9 years and BW = 43.5±4.2 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (25 ewes/group). The experimental treatments included 1- control ewes (without vitamin A injection), 2 - ewes receiving 0.25 ml of vitamin A and 3- ewes receiving 0.5 ml of vitamin A. Vitamin A solution was injected intramuscularly on the day of sponge insertion and sponge removal. Body condition score (BCS), plasma metabolites and antioxidant status were measured at the beginning of the experiment, the day of sponge removal and the day of estrus. Results showed that injection of 0.5 ml of vitamin A before mating increased glucose concentration on the day of estrus compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Injection of 0.25 or 0.5 ml of vitamin A before mating reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentration and increased antioxidant capacity compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Lambing rate, fertility rate and twinning rate did not influence by 0.25 and 0.5 ml of vitamin A injection before mating (P< 0.05). In general, injection of different level of vitamin A before mating, despite improving antioxidant capacity, had no significant effect on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes.The present research aimed to study the effect of different levels of vitamin A injection before mating on plasma parameters, antioxidant status and reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. For this purpose, 75 adult Afshari ewes (age = 3.6±0.9 years and BW = 43.5±4.2 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (25 ewes/group). The experimental treatments included 1- control ewes (without vitamin A injection), 2 - ewes receiving 0.25 ml of vitamin A and 3- ewes receiving 0.5 ml of vitamin A. Vitamin A solution was injected intramuscularly on the day of sponge insertion and sponge removal. Body condition score (BCS), plasma metabolites and antioxidant status were measured at the beginning of the experiment, the day of sponge removal and the day of estrus. Results showed that injection of 0.5 ml of vitamin A before mating increased glucose concentration on the day of estrus compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Injection of 0.25 or 0.5 ml of vitamin A before mating reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentration and increased antioxidant capacity compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Lambing rate, fertility rate and twinning rate did not influence by 0.25 and 0.5 ml of vitamin A injection before mating (P< 0.05). In general, injection of different level of vitamin A before mating, despite improving antioxidant capacity, had no significant effect on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103344_d7f896180e7a138d711e7da6f1e66cef.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477356420251222The effects of replacement of forage source with date palm leaves based on undigested neutral detergent fiber on performance of feedlot lambsThe effects of replacement of forage source with date palm leaves based on undigested neutral detergent fiber on performance of feedlot lambs97198610334010.22059/ijas.2025.395762.654077FAVahidehAkhondiDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-5248-1980EbrahimGhasemiDepartment of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-5248-1980MohammadKhorvashDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, IranMasoudAlikhaniDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, IranMeysamGholamiDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20250526The objective of this study was to assess the substitution of different levels of date palm leaves for conventional forages sources based on undigested forage neutral detergent fibers at 24 hours (24 uNDF) in feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male Afshari lambs (average age of 3 to 4 months and body weight 33±3 kg) were assigned to 3 experimental treatments: 1) Diet containing alfalfa hay and wheat straw with no date palm leaves, 2) 50% substitution of the forages with date palm leaves, and 3) 100% substitution of the forages with date palm leaves. The results showed that the NDF degradability at 24 and 288 h of ruminal incubation of date palm leaves was lower than that of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. Eating time, rumination time, and total chewing time were unaffected by the treatments. Feeding date palm leaves did not change DM digestibility, but fiber digestibility decreased linearly with increasing the level of date palm leaves. Moreover, rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and blood metabolites were not affected by the treatments. The results showed that feed intake, average daily gain and final weight were similar among the treatments. However, feed conversion ratio tended to decrease with the increasing the level of date palm leaves in the diet. Overall, date palm leaves can be used as the only forage source in the diet of fattening lambs when conventional forage are deficient in dry area such as the south eastern regions of IranThe objective of this study was to assess the substitution of different levels of date palm leaves for conventional forages sources based on undigested forage neutral detergent fibers at 24 hours (24 uNDF) in feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male Afshari lambs (average age of 3 to 4 months and body weight 33±3 kg) were assigned to 3 experimental treatments: 1) Diet containing alfalfa hay and wheat straw with no date palm leaves, 2) 50% substitution of the forages with date palm leaves, and 3) 100% substitution of the forages with date palm leaves. The results showed that the NDF degradability at 24 and 288 h of ruminal incubation of date palm leaves was lower than that of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. Eating time, rumination time, and total chewing time were unaffected by the treatments. Feeding date palm leaves did not change DM digestibility, but fiber digestibility decreased linearly with increasing the level of date palm leaves. Moreover, rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and blood metabolites were not affected by the treatments. The results showed that feed intake, average daily gain and final weight were similar among the treatments. However, feed conversion ratio tended to decrease with the increasing the level of date palm leaves in the diet. Overall, date palm leaves can be used as the only forage source in the diet of fattening lambs when conventional forage are deficient in dry area such as the south eastern regions of Iranhttps://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_103340_079a0b741436a525baaadd6236e881d2.pdf