پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121Comparison of differential expression profiles of candidate genes related to fertility traits using transcriptome perspective based on RNA-Seq in Holstein dairy cowsComparison of differential expression profiles of candidate genes related to fertility traits using transcriptome perspective based on RNA-Seq in Holstein dairy cows2172298626310.22059/ijas.2021.322630.653824FAFarzadGhafouriPh.D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-0010-0111MostafaSadeghiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-7145-622xAbolfazlBahramiPh.D. Graduate, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0001-7330-4134RostamAbdollahi-ArpanahiResearcher, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Georgia, USAArashJavanmardAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-7998-9875Seyed RezaMiraei-AshtianiProfessor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-3597-4385Journal Article20210425Genetic selection for increasing milk production and economic profitability in the dairy industry has been associated with reduction in reproductive performance, including lower embryo survival and pregnancy loss. The main purpose of this study was to use the transcriptome profiles of endometrial tissue and Corpus luteum of two groups of high and low fertility Holstein dairy cows to identify genes that are effective in reproductive rate, especially in early pregnancy. By the analysis of RNA-Seq data to express the gene differences, 4538 genes were extracted, which a total of 1466 genes showed significant expression differences (P<0.000001, Fold change<0.5). Then, by comparing the relevant genes among transcriptome profiles, common genes between endometrial tissue (on days 7 and 13 of the estrous cycle) and Corpus luteum (on day 13 of the estrous cycle) including SYNM, PARM1, NXPE2, NT5DC3, COL4A3, COL12A1, ALPK3, ADAMDEC1, SERPINA14, S100A9, PI16, OAS1X, MSTN, MASP1, CD83, CA2, C2, C5, JSP.1 and SAA3 were identified. Annotation results of these genes indicated that they have a role in the main process of metabolic and signaling pathways related to the ion transport system, inflammation, immune system function, and cell-matrix structure. Overall, the present study can provide new insights into the molecular evidence for the biological mechanisms of transcriptome profiling in the uterine environment and biomarkers related to fertility in dairy cows.Genetic selection for increasing milk production and economic profitability in the dairy industry has been associated with reduction in reproductive performance, including lower embryo survival and pregnancy loss. The main purpose of this study was to use the transcriptome profiles of endometrial tissue and Corpus luteum of two groups of high and low fertility Holstein dairy cows to identify genes that are effective in reproductive rate, especially in early pregnancy. By the analysis of RNA-Seq data to express the gene differences, 4538 genes were extracted, which a total of 1466 genes showed significant expression differences (P<0.000001, Fold change<0.5). Then, by comparing the relevant genes among transcriptome profiles, common genes between endometrial tissue (on days 7 and 13 of the estrous cycle) and Corpus luteum (on day 13 of the estrous cycle) including SYNM, PARM1, NXPE2, NT5DC3, COL4A3, COL12A1, ALPK3, ADAMDEC1, SERPINA14, S100A9, PI16, OAS1X, MSTN, MASP1, CD83, CA2, C2, C5, JSP.1 and SAA3 were identified. Annotation results of these genes indicated that they have a role in the main process of metabolic and signaling pathways related to the ion transport system, inflammation, immune system function, and cell-matrix structure. Overall, the present study can provide new insights into the molecular evidence for the biological mechanisms of transcriptome profiling in the uterine environment and biomarkers related to fertility in dairy cows.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86263_b75e8cb3cc605849c2196d7b6bde0054.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121The effect of chemical and biological regulators of pH on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen, reticulum, liver and kidney of Arabi lambs The effect of chemical and biological regulators of pH on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen, reticulum, liver and kidney of Arabi lambs 2312418626410.22059/ijas.2021.328534.653841FAFreshtehVafaeeM.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, IranMortezaChajiProfessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-9336-4094OmidKhorasaniPh.D. of Animal Nutrition, Kharazmi Industrial School of Dezful, IranFarshadBaghbanAssistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Yasuj, Yasuj, Iran Journal Article20210812The aim of this study was to compare the effect of rumen pH-adjusting additives on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen, reticulum, liver, and kidney. Twelve Arabi male lambs, 9±1 months old and initial body weight of 35.95±3.55 kg were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates in 35 days. The experimental treatments consisted of 1- A control diet, 2- Control diet+sodium bicarbonate buffer, 3- Control diet+Megasphaera elsdenii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bacteria-yeast). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered and tissue sampls from the liver, kidney, reticulum, and rumen were collected, and the tissue sections with thickness of 5 μm were prepared. The wall thickness of the reticulum in the control treatment was significantly higher than the buffer recipient treatment (P<0.05). Also, the thickness of muscle-layer in the reticulum in the control treatment was more than other treatments and was significantly higher compare to the buffer recipient treatment (P<0.05). Papillae height and Papillae depth of reticulum in the bacteria-yeast recipient treatment were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). In addition, the thickness of rumen epithelial tissue in the buffer and bacteria-yeast recipient treatments was less than the control treatment (P<0.05). The height of rumen papillae in the control treatment was significantly higher than the buffer and bacteria-yeast treatments. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tissues was observed. In general, pH regulators, in high-concentrate diets protected the tissues, which were studied in the present experiment. In addition, the addition of bacteria-yeast effects as a biological regulator is comparable to the chemical buffer.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of rumen pH-adjusting additives on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen, reticulum, liver, and kidney. Twelve Arabi male lambs, 9±1 months old and initial body weight of 35.95±3.55 kg were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates in 35 days. The experimental treatments consisted of 1- A control diet, 2- Control diet+sodium bicarbonate buffer, 3- Control diet+Megasphaera elsdenii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bacteria-yeast). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered and tissue sampls from the liver, kidney, reticulum, and rumen were collected, and the tissue sections with thickness of 5 μm were prepared. The wall thickness of the reticulum in the control treatment was significantly higher than the buffer recipient treatment (P<0.05). Also, the thickness of muscle-layer in the reticulum in the control treatment was more than other treatments and was significantly higher compare to the buffer recipient treatment (P<0.05). Papillae height and Papillae depth of reticulum in the bacteria-yeast recipient treatment were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). In addition, the thickness of rumen epithelial tissue in the buffer and bacteria-yeast recipient treatments was less than the control treatment (P<0.05). The height of rumen papillae in the control treatment was significantly higher than the buffer and bacteria-yeast treatments. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tissues was observed. In general, pH regulators, in high-concentrate diets protected the tissues, which were studied in the present experiment. In addition, the addition of bacteria-yeast effects as a biological regulator is comparable to the chemical buffer.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86264_9f35db14b1e7fc13e2213dfe08154bb1.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121Effects of feeding palmitic and stearic fatty acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambsEffects of feeding palmitic and stearic fatty acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs2432518626510.22059/ijas.2021.328861.653842FAHosseinBaeePh.D. Candidate, Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranTaghiGhoorchiProfessor, Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-6865-2932AbdolhakimToghdoryAssistant Professor, Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-5198-1940Journal Article20210816In order to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cereal grains with different levels of calcium saltd of palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids on the performance of fattening lambs, 30 male Dalagh-Romanov lambs were used for 89 days. Experimental treatments included: 1- control diet (without fatty acid), 2- diet with 3 % palmitic acid (PA), 3- diet with 3% stearic acid (SA), 4- diet with 3 %(67% PA+ 33% SA), 5- diet with 3 %(67% SA+ 33% PA). Growth performance (dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed convertion ratio), nutrient digestibility and blood parameters (glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and liver enzymes) were measured. The results showed that experimental treatments had no significant effect on dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain of lambs (P>0.05). Addition of fatty acid supplement to experimental diets significantly reduced dry matter digestibility (P<0.05). The concentration of high-density lipoprotein in diets containing fatty acid supplementation increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that adding 3% )on the ration dry matter basis) PA and SA as alone or combine together in the diet for fattening lambs could be done without negative effects.In order to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cereal grains with different levels of calcium saltd of palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids on the performance of fattening lambs, 30 male Dalagh-Romanov lambs were used for 89 days. Experimental treatments included: 1- control diet (without fatty acid), 2- diet with 3 % palmitic acid (PA), 3- diet with 3% stearic acid (SA), 4- diet with 3 %(67% PA+ 33% SA), 5- diet with 3 %(67% SA+ 33% PA). Growth performance (dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed convertion ratio), nutrient digestibility and blood parameters (glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and liver enzymes) were measured. The results showed that experimental treatments had no significant effect on dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain of lambs (P>0.05). Addition of fatty acid supplement to experimental diets significantly reduced dry matter digestibility (P<0.05). The concentration of high-density lipoprotein in diets containing fatty acid supplementation increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that adding 3% )on the ration dry matter basis) PA and SA as alone or combine together in the diet for fattening lambs could be done without negative effects.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86265_801115f35be6c43a5426f30c4bfcdf51.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121Study on Hepatozoon canis in dogs in Urmia regionStudy on Hepatozoon canis in dogs in Urmia region2532608626710.22059/ijas.2021.329716.653845FAMohammadRezaZeinaliD.V.M. Graduate, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranFarnazMalekifardAssistant Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-4809-3782AlalehRakhshanpourAssistant Professor, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranMohammadYakhchaliProfessor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-5882-1827Journal Article20210907The aim of the present study was to detect Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs in Urmia municipality, northwestern Iran. The effects of age, sex, lifestyle, and tick infestation as risk factors in the incidence of the disease were studied. During years 2018 and 2019, a total of 246 whole blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each examined dog (103 stray dogs, 99 shelter dogs, and 44 pets) and subjected to microscopic and molecular examinations. Ixodid ticks were also collected from the body surface and identified. Microscopically, infected neutrophils with Hepatozoon spp. were detected in 5 of 246 (2/03%) thin stained blood smears. Molecularly, 23 out of 246 (9.34%) blood samples were found to be infected with H. canis. There was no significant difference in different age groups and the sex of sampled dogs. However, stray dogs had a higher significant infection rate than pets and shelter ones. In body inspection, all ticks were belonging to the specie of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The obtained sequence was transferred to GenBank/NCBI (samples accession numbers MT001887). BLAST analysis of obtaining sequences isolated from dogs indicated a 100% similarity with H. canis 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank. Based on our results canine hepatozoonosis was common in dogs in the study area.The aim of the present study was to detect Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs in Urmia municipality, northwestern Iran. The effects of age, sex, lifestyle, and tick infestation as risk factors in the incidence of the disease were studied. During years 2018 and 2019, a total of 246 whole blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each examined dog (103 stray dogs, 99 shelter dogs, and 44 pets) and subjected to microscopic and molecular examinations. Ixodid ticks were also collected from the body surface and identified. Microscopically, infected neutrophils with Hepatozoon spp. were detected in 5 of 246 (2/03%) thin stained blood smears. Molecularly, 23 out of 246 (9.34%) blood samples were found to be infected with H. canis. There was no significant difference in different age groups and the sex of sampled dogs. However, stray dogs had a higher significant infection rate than pets and shelter ones. In body inspection, all ticks were belonging to the specie of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The obtained sequence was transferred to GenBank/NCBI (samples accession numbers MT001887). BLAST analysis of obtaining sequences isolated from dogs indicated a 100% similarity with H. canis 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank. Based on our results canine hepatozoonosis was common in dogs in the study area.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86267_0128a29da032942ce9f6990655354d7a.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121Estimation of financial losses associated with abortion in dairy herds using partial budgeting model Estimation of financial losses associated with abortion in dairy herds using partial budgeting model 2612708663110.22059/ijas.2021.325915.653834FAHamidehKeshavarziPh.D. Graduate in Animal Breeding & Genetics,, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, IranAliSadeghi-SefidmazgiAssociate Professor in Animal Breeding & Genetics,, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6261-4057Journal Article20210622Abortion in dairy cow can be categorized into two types of abortion: Rebreeding (RA, abortion incidence between 60 and 260 d of gestation, without change in lactation number), and new lactation abortion (NLA, abortion incidence after 200 d in gestation which leads to a new lactation). According to this definition, the losses of abortion might be different based on the type of abortion at the herd level. For this purpose, a partial budgeting model was developed to estimate the losses of abortion in 6 Holstein dairy herds located in Isfahan and Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari provinces during 2020. Financial losses due to reduction in productive and reproductive performances, replacement costs and calf loss were considered in this modeling. On average, loss of pregnancy was estimated 27.7 million IRR per case. Although the probability of NLA incidence was much lower than RA abortion (2.3% vs 12.5%), but NLA imposes significant financial losses to farmers (on average 32.4 million IRR vs. 22.0 million IRR per case). In general, decline in fertility was the most crucial factor of losses (63.3%) due to abortion, and decrease in milk yield (22.8%) placed in the second rank. The results obtained in this study can be used by farmers who make the optimal decision to keep or cull the aborted cows in the dairy farms.Abortion in dairy cow can be categorized into two types of abortion: Rebreeding (RA, abortion incidence between 60 and 260 d of gestation, without change in lactation number), and new lactation abortion (NLA, abortion incidence after 200 d in gestation which leads to a new lactation). According to this definition, the losses of abortion might be different based on the type of abortion at the herd level. For this purpose, a partial budgeting model was developed to estimate the losses of abortion in 6 Holstein dairy herds located in Isfahan and Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari provinces during 2020. Financial losses due to reduction in productive and reproductive performances, replacement costs and calf loss were considered in this modeling. On average, loss of pregnancy was estimated 27.7 million IRR per case. Although the probability of NLA incidence was much lower than RA abortion (2.3% vs 12.5%), but NLA imposes significant financial losses to farmers (on average 32.4 million IRR vs. 22.0 million IRR per case). In general, decline in fertility was the most crucial factor of losses (63.3%) due to abortion, and decrease in milk yield (22.8%) placed in the second rank. The results obtained in this study can be used by farmers who make the optimal decision to keep or cull the aborted cows in the dairy farms.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86631_762ed3f0e2b0d76c4dad14bf7e8431df.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352420220121The effect of replacement soybean meal with fish meal on milk production, milk composition and reproductive performance in repeat breeder Holstein cows The effect of replacement soybean meal with fish meal on milk production, milk composition and reproductive performance in repeat breeder Holstein cows 2712838688910.22059/ijas.2021.329251.653844FAFarhadKamali DehkordiPh.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran0009-0002-5696-6931HamidAmanlouProfessor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran0000-0002-5631-125XNimaSadeghi BroujeniDVM, PhD in FKA Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Co., Isfahan, IranJournal Article20210828The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of fish meal supplementation on productive and reproduction performance in repeat breeder Holstein cows. Two hundred and sixty-one multiparous Holstein cows with at least three consecutive unsuccessful inseminations, without clinically detectable reproductive disorders, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were control, 2.5 or 5% fish meal, that replaced soybean meal. Cows were timed inseminated following the Double-Ovsynch protocol. Milk yield was (38.49, 39.92, and 41.42 kg/d, for cows fed the control, 2.5 and 5% FM diets respectively) of which the difference (P<0.01) between the control and 5% FM diets was significant. Likewise, 4% FCM was higher for treatment 5% FM relative to control (P<0.05). Milk fat, protein and lactose content (%) were not different among treatment (P>0.05) but milk protein yield was higher (P<0.05) for cows fed the 5% FM than control and 2.5% FM diets was significant. Plasma and milk urea nitrogen concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05) affected fish meal by consumption. Plasma cholesterol concentration was higher for cows fed 5% FM compared to the control diet (P<0.01). Plasma progesterone concentration at 16 d post artificial insemination was greater for treatment 5% FM relative to control treatment (P<0.05). Pregnancy at the first service and cumulative (1st and 2nd service) for cows fed 5% FM content higher than control diet (P<0.05). These results indicated that supplementation the diet with 5% fish meal improved fertility and productive performance in repeat breeding cows.The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of fish meal supplementation on productive and reproduction performance in repeat breeder Holstein cows. Two hundred and sixty-one multiparous Holstein cows with at least three consecutive unsuccessful inseminations, without clinically detectable reproductive disorders, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were control, 2.5 or 5% fish meal, that replaced soybean meal. Cows were timed inseminated following the Double-Ovsynch protocol. Milk yield was (38.49, 39.92, and 41.42 kg/d, for cows fed the control, 2.5 and 5% FM diets respectively) of which the difference (P<0.01) between the control and 5% FM diets was significant. Likewise, 4% FCM was higher for treatment 5% FM relative to control (P<0.05). Milk fat, protein and lactose content (%) were not different among treatment (P>0.05) but milk protein yield was higher (P<0.05) for cows fed the 5% FM than control and 2.5% FM diets was significant. Plasma and milk urea nitrogen concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05) affected fish meal by consumption. Plasma cholesterol concentration was higher for cows fed 5% FM compared to the control diet (P<0.01). Plasma progesterone concentration at 16 d post artificial insemination was greater for treatment 5% FM relative to control treatment (P<0.05). Pregnancy at the first service and cumulative (1st and 2nd service) for cows fed 5% FM content higher than control diet (P<0.05). These results indicated that supplementation the diet with 5% fish meal improved fertility and productive performance in repeat breeding cows.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_86889_d5a6c60ee2150ca0a126b63cea344408.pdf