پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522Effects of activated zinc oxide on serum changes of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and occludance 1 in broiler breeder hensEffects of activated zinc oxide on serum changes of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and occludance 1 in broiler breeder hens1108200510.22059/ijas.2020.300805.653777FAElhamDarsi AraniPostdoctoral Researcher, Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, IranMojtabaZaghariProfessor, Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, IranMasoudBarzegarPh. D. Canddiate, Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, IranJournal Article20200413The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical properties of zinc oxide on serum changes of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and occludance 1 (ZO-1) in broiler breeders. A total of 200 hens (Ross 308), at the age of 54 weeks, was used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replications, and 10 birds per replication. In this study, two levels of zinc (70 and 100 mg/kg diet), and two ZnO sources (regular zinc oxide and activated zinc oxide) were used. The production performance of the birds and the concentration of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor and occludin in serum were measured at the end of the experiment. The supply of 70 mg/kg diet in both its regular and activated ZnO forms increased blood concentration of TNFα and ZO-1 (P<0.01). In contrast, addition of 100 mg of ZnO from both sources reduced pro-inflammatory factors and concentration of ZO-1 in the blood (P<0.01). Results of present study showed that the concentration of blood inflammatory factors and tight junction proteins in hens that are prone to intestinal inflammation which probably occur due to a meal in a day decreases with the consumption of higher levels of zinc. Changes in inflammatory factors and the concentration of tight junction proteins were in the same direction. Consumption of 100 mg of activated ZnO decreased IL-6 compared to 70 mg (P<0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the change in physical properties, has improved the functionality of ZnO.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical properties of zinc oxide on serum changes of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and occludance 1 (ZO-1) in broiler breeders. A total of 200 hens (Ross 308), at the age of 54 weeks, was used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replications, and 10 birds per replication. In this study, two levels of zinc (70 and 100 mg/kg diet), and two ZnO sources (regular zinc oxide and activated zinc oxide) were used. The production performance of the birds and the concentration of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor and occludin in serum were measured at the end of the experiment. The supply of 70 mg/kg diet in both its regular and activated ZnO forms increased blood concentration of TNFα and ZO-1 (P<0.01). In contrast, addition of 100 mg of ZnO from both sources reduced pro-inflammatory factors and concentration of ZO-1 in the blood (P<0.01). Results of present study showed that the concentration of blood inflammatory factors and tight junction proteins in hens that are prone to intestinal inflammation which probably occur due to a meal in a day decreases with the consumption of higher levels of zinc. Changes in inflammatory factors and the concentration of tight junction proteins were in the same direction. Consumption of 100 mg of activated ZnO decreased IL-6 compared to 70 mg (P<0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the change in physical properties, has improved the functionality of ZnO.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82005_384d45c23c0175bf7b4d24577b0867d0.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522A comprehensive study of the prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) in Iran and phylogenetic comparison of dominant Iranian CPV-types with other global types based on VP2 gene A comprehensive study of the prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) in Iran and phylogenetic comparison of dominant Iranian CPV-types with other global types based on VP2 gene 11218200810.22059/ijas.2020.308036.653795FARezaFarajiPh.D. Candidate in Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, Unversity of Tehran, Karaj, IranArdeshirNejati JavaremiProfessor in Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, Unversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-0228-011XMostafaSadeghiAssociate Professor in Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, Unversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-7145-622xRezaMiraei AshtianiProfessor in Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, Unversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-3597-4385Hamid RezaMozhganiAssistant Professor of Virology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranJournal Article20200815Nowadays one of the major challenges facing herders, dog owners, or working dog training centers is canine parvovirus (CPV-2). The virus has split into several types over the years since it discovered and resulted to genetic and amino acid changes that threaten a wide range of carnivorous around the world. The best way to avoiding the consequences of this disease is vaccination. This study were designed, due to the lack of sufficient studies on the distribution and prevalence of different types of this virus, which may be a prominent cause of vaccine errors, also because of high involvement of Iranian dogs with CPV. Molecular study and phylogenetic comparison of Iranian types compared to other types through the world showed that the dominant type of CPV-2 existed in Iran is CPV-2a with a prevalence of 24% and genetic differences in several points of VP2 gene with other types. We are probably facing to a new version of this virus in our country. In addition, based on the drawn phylogenetic tree, it was found that Iranian isolates on the other side have a relatively high topological difference compared to the origin types and conventional vaccines strain, which supports the initial hypothesis of this study.Nowadays one of the major challenges facing herders, dog owners, or working dog training centers is canine parvovirus (CPV-2). The virus has split into several types over the years since it discovered and resulted to genetic and amino acid changes that threaten a wide range of carnivorous around the world. The best way to avoiding the consequences of this disease is vaccination. This study were designed, due to the lack of sufficient studies on the distribution and prevalence of different types of this virus, which may be a prominent cause of vaccine errors, also because of high involvement of Iranian dogs with CPV. Molecular study and phylogenetic comparison of Iranian types compared to other types through the world showed that the dominant type of CPV-2 existed in Iran is CPV-2a with a prevalence of 24% and genetic differences in several points of VP2 gene with other types. We are probably facing to a new version of this virus in our country. In addition, based on the drawn phylogenetic tree, it was found that Iranian isolates on the other side have a relatively high topological difference compared to the origin types and conventional vaccines strain, which supports the initial hypothesis of this study.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82008_645a2c6f27fbaf2e78ea70734f714aaf.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522Identification of selective signatures associated with resistance to bovine leukosis (BLV) in Iranian Holstein cowsIdentification of selective signatures associated with resistance to bovine leukosis (BLV) in Iranian Holstein cows23358204210.22059/ijas.2021.311808.653805FAMahdiJavanNikkhahPh.D. Candidate in Animal Breeding & Genetics, Aras International Campus, Unversity of Tehran, Jolfa, Iran0000-0002-9406-1343HosseinMoradi ShahrbabakAssistant Professor of Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of agriculture & Natural Resource, Unversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-6680-7662Mohammad HosseinMoradiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0001-5877-0866AliSadeghi-SefidmazgiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Collge of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6261-4057Journal Article20201013Bovine viral leukemia (BLV) is one of the deadliest viral diseases that is associated with many economic losses in the dairy industry, such as reduced production capacity and reproductive performance of infected animals and their eventual culling. The aim of this study was to identify the selection signatures associated with resistance to BLV in Iranian Holstein cows. For this purpose, a total of 152 animals were genotyped for 30,105 SNP markers using GGP Bovine LD v4 chips. After quality control of the initial data, 23,513 SNP markers in 140 animals of cattle were finally entered for further analysis. The animals used were classified into two groups consisting resistant to disease or healthy (68 animals) and sick (77 animals) animals, and then the regions of the genome that were divergently selected in these animals were evaluated using the unbiased Theta method. The results of this study showed that four genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 13, 20 and 22 were divergently selected in these groups. Study of the genes reported in these regions revealed that some genes such as the <em>STGA1</em> on chromosome 1, the <em>STK35</em>, <em>EBF4</em>, and <em>PDYN</em> on chromosome 13 and the <em>SLC38A3</em>, <em>RASSF1</em>, and <em>RBM6</em> on chromosome 22 were previously reported within or adjacent to these genomic regions. Study the function of these genes showed that the genes are involved in the immune system, the regulation of mitotic and meiotic cycles and cancer suppression. Overall, the results of this study can provide a valuable source of information to identify candidate genomic regions or causal genes associated with this disease.Bovine viral leukemia (BLV) is one of the deadliest viral diseases that is associated with many economic losses in the dairy industry, such as reduced production capacity and reproductive performance of infected animals and their eventual culling. The aim of this study was to identify the selection signatures associated with resistance to BLV in Iranian Holstein cows. For this purpose, a total of 152 animals were genotyped for 30,105 SNP markers using GGP Bovine LD v4 chips. After quality control of the initial data, 23,513 SNP markers in 140 animals of cattle were finally entered for further analysis. The animals used were classified into two groups consisting resistant to disease or healthy (68 animals) and sick (77 animals) animals, and then the regions of the genome that were divergently selected in these animals were evaluated using the unbiased Theta method. The results of this study showed that four genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 13, 20 and 22 were divergently selected in these groups. Study of the genes reported in these regions revealed that some genes such as the <em>STGA1</em> on chromosome 1, the <em>STK35</em>, <em>EBF4</em>, and <em>PDYN</em> on chromosome 13 and the <em>SLC38A3</em>, <em>RASSF1</em>, and <em>RBM6</em> on chromosome 22 were previously reported within or adjacent to these genomic regions. Study the function of these genes showed that the genes are involved in the immune system, the regulation of mitotic and meiotic cycles and cancer suppression. Overall, the results of this study can provide a valuable source of information to identify candidate genomic regions or causal genes associated with this disease.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82042_dfbf0ca2bafcdead7bd67d840a1042d5.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522Evaluation of microwave irradiation and toxin adsorbents on Diazinon residues in white grape pomace and its effect on some ruminal parameters in vitro conditionEvaluation of microwave irradiation and toxin adsorbents on Diazinon residues in white grape pomace and its effect on some ruminal parameters in vitro condition37498269710.22059/ijas.2021.295469.653765FABehzadPourMahmoudFormer Ph.D. Student of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHamedKhalilvandi-BehroozyarAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-2834-6260RasoulPirmohammadiProfessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20200107<span lang="X-NONE">The aim of this research was to determine effects of microwave irradiation and different toxin adsorbents on the amount of Diazinon residues in white grape pomace and effectiveness of these processes on some rumen parameters and gas production <em>in vitro</em> condition. This study, were investigated in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Experimental treatments included: 1- White grape pomace without processed or control group 2- Grape pomace processed with microwave irradiation 3- Grape pomace processed with Mycofix-Plus toxin adsorbent 4- Grape pomace processed with Bio-Tox toxin adsorbent 5- Grape pomace processed with Bio-Acid toxin adsorbent. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the amount of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the microwave treatment (P˂0.05). Different processes reduced the amount of Diazinon in the white grape pomace (P˂0.05), so the highest amount of Diazinon in control treatment (3.86 mg/kg) and the lowest amount of toxin was observed in treatment group treated with Bio-Tox supplement (0.57 mg/kg). Different processes increased in vitro gas production, total VFA, propionic acid concentration, dry matter digestibility and Methane (P˂0.05). Different processes reduced acetate concentration and did not have a significant effect on the Rumen protozoa population (P>0.05). Adding different adsorbents increased butyrate and isobutyrate concentration (p<0.05). As a conclusion, microwave irradiation and different toxin adsorbents reduced the amount of Diazinon in the white grape pomace and improved some ruminal parameters in vitro condition.</span><span lang="X-NONE">The aim of this research was to determine effects of microwave irradiation and different toxin adsorbents on the amount of Diazinon residues in white grape pomace and effectiveness of these processes on some rumen parameters and gas production <em>in vitro</em> condition. This study, were investigated in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Experimental treatments included: 1- White grape pomace without processed or control group 2- Grape pomace processed with microwave irradiation 3- Grape pomace processed with Mycofix-Plus toxin adsorbent 4- Grape pomace processed with Bio-Tox toxin adsorbent 5- Grape pomace processed with Bio-Acid toxin adsorbent. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the amount of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the microwave treatment (P˂0.05). Different processes reduced the amount of Diazinon in the white grape pomace (P˂0.05), so the highest amount of Diazinon in control treatment (3.86 mg/kg) and the lowest amount of toxin was observed in treatment group treated with Bio-Tox supplement (0.57 mg/kg). Different processes increased in vitro gas production, total VFA, propionic acid concentration, dry matter digestibility and Methane (P˂0.05). Different processes reduced acetate concentration and did not have a significant effect on the Rumen protozoa population (P>0.05). Adding different adsorbents increased butyrate and isobutyrate concentration (p<0.05). As a conclusion, microwave irradiation and different toxin adsorbents reduced the amount of Diazinon in the white grape pomace and improved some ruminal parameters in vitro condition.</span>https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82697_6fdba1e4d628b9f0f196bf483c34dea2.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522Genetic analysis of dystocia in Holstein cattle using linear and threshold modelsGenetic analysis of dystocia in Holstein cattle using linear and threshold models51628269810.22059/ijas.2021.309401.653799FAArezooShahsavariPh.D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranMohammadRazmkabirAssistant Professor; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0003-2445-2899AmirRashidiProfessor; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-7926-3115Journal Article20200905The objective of the present study was to perform genetic evaluation of dystocia, using linear (observed and adjusted) and threshold models in Holstein cattle. Data and pedigree information of 8 dairy herds were obtained from Vahdat Industrial Agriculturists & Dairymen Cooperative, Isfahan, Iran. Final data included 133876 calving records during 2005 to 2018. The fixed effects of the model were included, herd, year-season of calving, calf gender and age at first calving. The random effects of the model were included sire, maternal grandsire, permanent environment of dam and residual effects. Furthermore, 305-day milk yield was considered as a covariate in the final equation. Quality control and data validation were conducted in SAS and Microsoft Excel. Genetic evaluations and prediction of breeding values for dystocia was computed, using different statistical models by DMU program. Direct heritability for dystocia for heifers and other cows based on linear model were 0.10 and 0.07 and based on threshold model were 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. Estimated heritability was higher in threshold model compare to the linear model. The results of this study showed that beyond the environmental improvement, genetic selection might be an option for decreasing dystocia. Estimated heritability for heifers and other cows by the linear model were adjusted on the underlying scale to 0.19 and 0.14, respectively. Estimated correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and ranged from -0.56 to -0.74, indicating the genetic antagonism between direct and maternal effects. The Spearman rank correlations for breeding values predicted from the linear and threshold models were significant and different from 1, indicating that ranking of animals are not unique in linear and threshold models. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), threshold model was better and more accurate than linear model for genetic analysis of dystocia in Holstein cows.The objective of the present study was to perform genetic evaluation of dystocia, using linear (observed and adjusted) and threshold models in Holstein cattle. Data and pedigree information of 8 dairy herds were obtained from Vahdat Industrial Agriculturists & Dairymen Cooperative, Isfahan, Iran. Final data included 133876 calving records during 2005 to 2018. The fixed effects of the model were included, herd, year-season of calving, calf gender and age at first calving. The random effects of the model were included sire, maternal grandsire, permanent environment of dam and residual effects. Furthermore, 305-day milk yield was considered as a covariate in the final equation. Quality control and data validation were conducted in SAS and Microsoft Excel. Genetic evaluations and prediction of breeding values for dystocia was computed, using different statistical models by DMU program. Direct heritability for dystocia for heifers and other cows based on linear model were 0.10 and 0.07 and based on threshold model were 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. Estimated heritability was higher in threshold model compare to the linear model. The results of this study showed that beyond the environmental improvement, genetic selection might be an option for decreasing dystocia. Estimated heritability for heifers and other cows by the linear model were adjusted on the underlying scale to 0.19 and 0.14, respectively. Estimated correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and ranged from -0.56 to -0.74, indicating the genetic antagonism between direct and maternal effects. The Spearman rank correlations for breeding values predicted from the linear and threshold models were significant and different from 1, indicating that ranking of animals are not unique in linear and threshold models. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), threshold model was better and more accurate than linear model for genetic analysis of dystocia in Holstein cows.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82698_72587129065154d8231c3b2ec4026fe8.pdfپردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of animal Science2008-477352120210522Evaluation of different levels of organic (met-Mn) and inorganic (MnSO4) form of Mn on performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of Hy line W36 layer hen under heat stress conditionEvaluation of different levels of organic (met-Mn) and inorganic (MnSO4) form of Mn on performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of Hy line W36 layer hen under heat stress condition63778269910.22059/ijas.2021.311462.653806FAAlirezaKhamesiM.Sc. Student,, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Arak, IranImanHajkhodadadiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0002-6061-7868Hossein AliGhasemiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0003-4616-7597MahdiKhodaei -MotlaghAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0002-1281-7152Journal Article20201024In this study, the effect of two sources (met-Mn and MnSO4) and three-level of manganese (25, 90, 135 mg/Kg) was evaluated on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in Hy-line w36 laying hens under heat stress condition. The experimental treatments contained basal diet with; 25 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 1), 90 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 2), 135 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 3), 25 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 4), 90 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 5), or 135 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 6). A total of 360 hens, 22 weeks of age, were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates (15 hens per replicate). Our results showed that Mn source had no significant effect on production traits but higher Mn level significantly improved egg production, feed conversion and egg mass (P<0.05). The use of organic source or increasing dietary Mn level significantly decreased feed intake (P<0.05). The sources and levels of dietary had no significant effect on<strong> </strong>the weights of egg white and yolk, but the level of Mn had significant effect on shell weight, albumin height, and serum Mn and phosphorus. Although Mn source did not affect the blood metabolites, but the serum superoxide dismutase activity significantly increased in groups that consumed organic Mn (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementary Mn at 135 mg/kg from any source especially chelated form, may increase production performance and egg quality traits in the early pre-peak production phase of laying hen, under heat stress condition.In this study, the effect of two sources (met-Mn and MnSO4) and three-level of manganese (25, 90, 135 mg/Kg) was evaluated on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in Hy-line w36 laying hens under heat stress condition. The experimental treatments contained basal diet with; 25 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 1), 90 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 2), 135 mg/Kg MnSO4 (treatment 3), 25 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 4), 90 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 5), or 135 mg/Kg met-Mn (treatment 6). A total of 360 hens, 22 weeks of age, were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates (15 hens per replicate). Our results showed that Mn source had no significant effect on production traits but higher Mn level significantly improved egg production, feed conversion and egg mass (P<0.05). The use of organic source or increasing dietary Mn level significantly decreased feed intake (P<0.05). The sources and levels of dietary had no significant effect on<strong> </strong>the weights of egg white and yolk, but the level of Mn had significant effect on shell weight, albumin height, and serum Mn and phosphorus. Although Mn source did not affect the blood metabolites, but the serum superoxide dismutase activity significantly increased in groups that consumed organic Mn (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementary Mn at 135 mg/kg from any source especially chelated form, may increase production performance and egg quality traits in the early pre-peak production phase of laying hen, under heat stress condition.https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_82699_42d662605185722682d0093ab035f8cf.pdf