ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production of selenium enriched yeast and assessment of the effect of its different levels on the morphology and biometry of internal and reproductive organs in broiler breeder hens
The aim of present study was to produce selenium enriched yeast and determine its optimum level on morphology and biometry of internal and reproductive organs in broiler breeder hens in comparison to Selemax (commercial organic sodium selenite) and mineral selenite. This study was done in two parts, in the 1st experiment; selenium-enriched yeast was produced. In the 2nd experiment, a total of 150 Ross 308 broiler breeder hens (49 weeks of age) were used in 6 treatments of 5 replicates with 5 hens each. The treatments were included: 1) Control group (without selenium), diet containing; 2) 0.15; 3) 0.30 and 4) 0.45 mg/kg of produced selenium enriched yeast (SY0.15, SY0.3, SY0.45, respectively), 5) 0.30 mg/kg Selemax, and 6) 0.30 mg/kg sodium selenite (SS). At the end of the experiment, three hens from each replication were slaughtered. In the 1st experiment, the amount of selenium per kilogram of dry selenium-enriched yeast was 2823 mg. In the 2nd experiment, the number of large follicles in the SY0.45 group was significant higher compared to control, SY0.15 and SS groups. The weight of the abdominal cavity fat of the SY0.45 group was significantly lower compared to control group. Therefore, using of 0.45 mg/kg of produced organic selenium in the broiler breeder diet increased number of large follicles and decreased abdominal cavity fat. Of course, further studies are needed to assessment of other performance and reproductive parameters.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75987_28479ea12a2f96bfb8bbf0569db6a11a.pdf
2020-04-20
1
8
10.22059/ijas.2018.262869.653656
Broiler Breeder
Performance
Selenium
selenium-enriched yeast
Mojtaba
Emamverdi
emamverdi@ut.ac.ir
1
Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Zareh-Shahneh
azareh@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Zhandi
mzhandi@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Zaghari
mzaghari@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Dariush
Minai-Tehrani
d_mtehrani@sbu.ac.ir
5
Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Beckett, G. J. & Arthur, J. R. (2005). Selenium and endocrine systems. Journal of Endocrinology, 184, 455-465.
1
Breque, C. & Brillard, J. P. (2002). Sperm storage in the avian oviduct: baselines for a complex antioxidant system in the sperm storage tubules. Archiv Geflugelkunde, 66, 83.
2
Breque, C., Surai, P. F. & Brillard, J. P. (2003). Roles of antioxidants on prolonged storage of avian spermatozoa in vivo and in vitro. Molecular Reproduction Development, 66, 314-323.
3
Chanda, S. & Chakrabatri, S. (1996). Plant origin liquid waste: a resource for single cell protein production by yeast. Bioresource Technology, 57, 51-4.
4
Demirci, A. & Pometto, A. L. (1999). Production of organically bound selenium yeast by continuous fermentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,47, 2491-2495.
5
Edens, F. W. (2001). Involvement of Sel-Plex in physiological stability and performance of broiler chickens. In: Science and Technology in the Feed Industry. (LyonsTP and Jacques KA. Eds.). Nottingham University Press.Nottingham NG 110 AX. United Kingdom. In: Proceedings of 17th Alltech Annual Symposium, 17, 349-376.
6
Ferhance, A. (2001). A Novel Method for the Production of Selenium-Enriched Yeast. [dissertation]. Canada: McGill University, National library of Canada.
7
Hongfei, Y., Gongjian, F. & Zhenxin, G. (2010). Optimization of culture parameters of selenium-enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by response surface methodology (RSM). Food Technology Journal, 43, 666-669.
8
Hongfei, Y., Zhigang, C., Zhenxin, G. & Yongbin, H. (2009). Optimization of natural fermentive medium for selenium-enriched yeast by D-optimal mixture design. Food Science and Technology Journal, 42, 327-31.
9
Johnson, P. A. & Giles, J. R. (2013). The hen as a model of ovarian cancer. Nature Review Cancer, 13(6), 432-436.
10
Kieliszek, M. & Błażejak, S. (2013). Selenium: significance, and outlook for supplementation. Nutrition, 29, 713-718.
11
Kieliszek, M., Błażejak, S., Gientka, I. & Bzducha-Wróbel, A. (2015). Accumulation and metabolism of selenium by yeast cells. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1-10.
12
Lukaszewicz, E., Kowalczyk, A. & Jerysz, A. (2011). The effect of sex and feed supplementation with organic selenium and vitamin E on the growth rate and zoometrical body measurements of oat-fattened White Koluda® geese. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 35, 435-442.
13
Papazyan, T., Lyons, M., Mezes, M. & Surai, P. (2006). Selenium in poultry nutrition-Effects on fertility and hatchability. Praxis veterinaria, 54, 85-102.
14
Rotruck, J. T., Pope, A. L., Ganther, H. E., Swanson, A. B., Hafeman, D. G. & Hoekstra, W. G. (1973). Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science, 179, 588-590.
15
Schrauzer, G. N. (2000). Selenomethionine: a review of its nutritional significance, metabolism and toxicity. Journal of Nutrition, 130, 1653-1656.
16
Schrauzer, G. N. (2006). Selenium yeast: composition, quality, analysis and safety. Pure Applied Chemistry, 78(1), 105-109.
17
Stammer, K., Edassery, S. L., Barua, A., Bitterman, P., Bahr, J. M., Hales, D. B. & Luborsky, J. L. (2008). Selenium-Binding Protein 1 expression in ovaries and ovarian tumors in the laying hen, a spontaneous model of human ovarian cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 109, 115-121.
18
Surai, P. F. & Fisinin, V. (2014). Selenium in poultry breeder nutrition: An update. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 191, 1-15.
19
Surai, P. F. (2002a). Natural Antioxidants in Avian Nutrition and Reproduction. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.
20
Surai, P. F. (2002b). Selenium in poultry nutrition: a new look at an old element. 1. Antioxidant properties, deficiency and toxicity. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 58, 333-347.
21
Surai, P. F. (2002c). Selenium in poultry nutrition: a new look at an old element. 2. Reproduction, egg and meat quality and practical applications. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 58, 431-450.
22
Surai, P. F. (2006). Selenium in Nutrition and Health. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pricing of raw milk based on main dairy products in the Iran market
A multiple-component pricing (MCP) method for the purchase of milk by dairy processors in Iran was developed and compared with the current procedure, reference on percentage differential pricing (PDP) method. Data on the quantity and quality of raw milk and dairy products, and economic data relating to the sale prices of dairy products and processing costs for the Iran dairy market in 2017 were used. Cheese, cream, skim milk powder and liquid milk were the reference dairy products. After calculation of net return for each reference product, and consideration of composition and total production share, economic importance for milk fat and protein were estimated using weighted least square method. Economic values for each percent of milk fat and protein were estimated as IRR 2,741 and 1,311 respectively, with a total value of 12,704 IRR for 1 kg of basal milk (3.2% fat, 3.0% protein); this was slightly higher than the current PDP of 12,500 IRR. The effect of including milk composition (quality factors) in the MCP created a differential between milk of the highest and lowest quality that was more than twice that of using the PDP. This illustrates the importance of encouraging the adoption of MCP for dairy processors and farmers in Iran to take into account the pricing structure of the end-products. A more realistic pricing structure for milk based on the protein and fat content would encourage comparison of the value of different products (e.g. milk products vs. meat) for Iranian consumers.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75986_c8ba6b34261f34bda777b0632aede02a.pdf
2020-04-20
9
16
10.22059/ijas.2020.287304.653729
Milk components
multi-component pricing
reference dairy products
Masoumeh
Tavakolnia
m.tavakolnia69@gmail.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Collge of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
sadeghism@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Collge of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narges
Shirvani-Brojeni
shirvani.n@gmail.com
3
Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering, Sourcing and Purchasing Director, Solico Kalleh Company, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
gholamreza
ghorbani
ghorbani@cc.iut.ac.ir
4
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan-Iran
AUTHOR
Breen, J., Wallace, M., Crosse, S. & O'Callaghan, D. (2007). A new direction for the payment of milk: Technological and seasonality considerations in multiple component milk pricing of milk (Liquid and Manufacturing) for a diversifying dairy industry. Retrieved May, 5, 2018, from https://t-stor.teagasc.ie.
1
Cropp, R. & Wasserman, W. (1993). Issues and options for using multiple component pricing to set pricing in Federal milk marketing orders. Retrieved Jaunary, 11, 2000, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org.
2
De Vries, A. & Feleke, S. (2008). Prediction of future uniform milk prices in Florida federal Milk Marketing Order 6 from milk futures markets. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 4871- 4880.
3
Garrick, D. J. & Lopez-Villalobos, N. (2000). Potential for economic benefits to the producer from altering the composition of milk. BSAP Occasional Publication, 25, 93-108.
4
Geary, U., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Garrick, D. J. & Shalloo, L. (2012). An analysis of the implications of a change to the seasonal milk supply profile in the Irish dairy industry utilizing a seasonal processing sector model. Journal of Agricultural Science, 150, 389-407.
5
Geary, U., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Garrick D. J. & Shalloo. L. (2010). Development and application of a processing model for the Irish dairy industry. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 5091-5100.
6
Hillers, J. K., Nielsen, V. H., Freeman, A. E., Dommerholt, J. & Deiter, R. E. (1980) Value of fat and protein in producer milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 63, 322-327.
7
IFCN Dairy. (2016). International Farm Comparison Dairy Network [Online]. Available at https://www.ifcndairy.org. (accessed 10 June 2016).
8
Jesse, E. & Cropp, R. (1994). USDA’s Recommended Decision on Multiple Component Pricing for Midwestern Federal Milk Marketing Orders. Retrieved February 15, 2018, from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/12702.
9
Jesse, E. & Cropp, R. (2008). Basic milk pricing concepts for dairy farmers. Retrived June 10, 2017, from https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0145/8808/4272/files/A3379.pdf.
10
Manchester, A. C. & Blayney, D. P. (2001). Milk pricing in the united states. Agricultural Information Bulletin, No, 761, 24 pp.
11
Murphy, S. C., Martin, N. H., Barbano, D. M. & Wiedmann, M. (2016) Influence of raw milk quality on processed dairy products: How do raw milk quality test results relate to product quality and yield? Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 10128-10149.
12
Prathap, P., Archana, P, R., Aleena, J., Sejian, V,. Krishnan, G., Bagath, M., Manimaran, A., Beena, V., Kurien, E, K., Varma, G & Bhatta, R. 2017. Review heat stress and dairy cow: impact on both milk yield and composition. International Journal of Dairy Science, 12, 1-12.
13
Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi, A., Zare Bidaki, M., Shirvani Brojeni, N. & Darzei Larejanei, Sh. (2016). Milk pricing in Iran: Challenges and Solutions. Iranian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19, 57-66. (in Farsi)
14
Sneddon, N., Lopez, V. N., Hickson, R. & Shalloo, L. (2013). Review of milk payment systems to identify the component value of lactose. In: Proceedings of the Conference: 73rd Annual Meeting of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, At Hamilton, New Zealand, 73, 33-36.
15
Tavakolnia, M. (2018)Pricing of Raw Milk Based on High Consumption Dairy Products in the Market. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. (in Farsi)
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimates of genetic parameters for body weights at late growth period and humoral immunity in Japanese quail
The aim of the current study was to estimate the genetic parameters of growth traits at the late ages (25-45 days of old) as well as humoral immune responses in Japanese quail. Therefore, the studied traits were growth traits (body weights (BW) at 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days of age, average daily gain (ADG) in 5 day periods as well as the immune system responses against SRBC (IgT) and Newcastle vaccine (IgN)). To estimate genetic parameters, a multivariate analysis was utilized using Gibbs sampling through Gibbsf90 software. The heritability for BW and ADG were varied between 0.303-0.437 and 0.053-0.338, respectively. Moreover, heritability estimates for IgT and IgN were 0.252 and 0.015, respectively. Genetic correlation between growth traits with immune responses were negative and ranged from low to moderate (−0.218 to −0.483). According to the results, genetic selection based on BWs might to result in higher genetic response than ADG and immune system performances. Among body weight traits, the BW30 based on its higher genetic correlation with BW45 (0.809), moderate heritability (0.406) and negative and relatively low genetic correlation with IgT (−0.226) and IgN (−0.235) would be consider as an appropriate criterion introduce applicable breeding program to improve growth traits with lower decreasing in the immune system performance.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75988_2717dcfa29285746c48e5951bffec4a8.pdf
2020-04-20
17
25
10.22059/ijas.2020.291614.653749
Body weight
genetic correlation
Gibbs sampling
heritability
SRBC
Ayoub
Mohammadi-Tighsiah
au69mohammadi@gmail.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Maghsoudi
alimaghsouditmu@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Bagherzadeh-Kasmani
fbkasmani@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Rokoei
rokouei@gmail.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Faraji-arough
faraji.um@gmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Research Center of Special Domestic Animals, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Aggrey, S. E. & Cheng, K. M. (1994). Animal model analysis of genetic (co)variances for growth traits in Japanese quail. Poultry Science, 73, 1822-1828.
1
Bao, M., Bovenhuis, H., Nieuwland, M. G., Parmentier, H. K. & van der Poel, J. J. (2016). Genetic parameters of IgM and IgG antibodies binding autoantigens in healthy chickens. Poultry Science, 95, 458-465.
2
Barbieri, A., Ono, R. K., Cursino, L. L., Farah, M. M., Pires, M. P., Bertipaglia, T. S., Pires, A. V., Cavani, L., Carreno, L. O. & Fonseca, R. (2015). Genetic parameters for body weight in meat quail. Poultry Science, 94, 169-171.
3
Bovenhuis, H., Bralten, H., Nieuwland, M. G. & Parmentier, H. K. (2002). Genetic parameters for antibody response of chickens to sheep red blood cells based on a selection experiment. Poultry Science, 81, 309-315.
4
Buitenhuis, A. J., Rodenburg, T. B., Wissink, P. H., Visscher, J., Koene, P., Bovenhuis, H., Ducro, B. J. & van der Poel, J. J. (2004). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between feather pecking behavior, stress response, immune response, and egg quality traits in laying hens. Poultry Science, 83, 1077-1082.
5
Cunningham, C. H. (1971). Virologia Practica, 6th edn. Acribia, Zaragoza, pp. 260.
6
Dunnington, E. A., Honaker, C. F., McGilliard, M. L. & Siegel, P. B. (2013). Phenotypic responses of chickens to long-term, bidirectional selection for juvenile body weight-historical perspective. Poultry Science, 92, 1724-1734.
7
Faraji-Arough, H., Rokouei, M., Maghsoudi, A. & Ghazaghi, M. (2018). Comparative study of growth patterns in seven strains of Japanese quail using nonlinear regression modeling. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 42, 441-451.
8
Faraji-Arough, H., Rokouei, M., Maghsoudi, A. & Mehri, M. (2019). Evaluation of Non- linear Growth Curves Models for Native Slow-growing Khazak Chickens. Poultry Science Journal, 7, 25-32.
9
Geweke, J. (1992). Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to the calculation of posterior moments. In: J. M. Bernardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid & A. F. M. Smith (eds.) Bayesian statistics No. 4. p 169-193. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
10
Ghorbani, S., Tahmoorespur, M., Maghsoudi, A. & Abdollahi-Arpanahi, R. (2013). Estimates of (co)variance components for production and reproduction traits with different models in Fars native fowls. Livestock Science, 151, 115-123.
11
Gous, R. M. & Cherry, P. (2004). Effects of body weight at, and lighting regimen and growth curve to, 20 weeks on laying performance in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 45, 445-452.
12
Iranmanesh, M., Esmailizadeh, A., Mohammad Abadi, M. R., Zand, E., Mokhtari, M. S. & Wu, D. D. (2016). A molecular genome scan to identify DNA segments associated with live weight in Japanese quail. Molecular Biology Reports, 43, 1267-1272.
13
Khaldari, M., Pakdel, A., Mehrabani Yeganeh, H., Nejati Javaremi, A. & Berg, P. (2010). Response to selection and genetic parameters of body and carcass weights in Japanese quail selected for 4-week body weight. Poultry Science, 89, 1834-1841.
14
Labaque, M. C., Martella, M. B., Maestri, D. M. & Navarro, J. L. (2013). The influence of diet composition on egg and chick traits in captive Greater Rhea females. British Poultry Science, 54, 374-380.
15
Lwelamira, J. (2012). Phenotypic and genetic parameters for body weights and antibody response against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine for Kuchi chicken ecotype of Tanzania under extensive management. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44, 1529-1534.
16
Lwelamira, J., Kifaro, G. C. & Gwakisa, P. S. (2009). Genetic parameters for body weights, egg traits and antibody response against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine among two Tanzania chicken ecotypes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41, 51-59.
17
Misztal, I. (2012). BLUPF90 - a flexible mixed model program in Fortran 90.
18
Mohammadabadi, M. R., Nikbakhti, M., Mirzaee, H. R., Shandi, A., Saghi, D. A., Romanov, M. N. & Moiseyeva, I. G. (2010). Genetic variability in three native Iranian chicken populations of the Khorasan province based on microsatellite markers. Russian Journal of Genetics, 46, 505-509.
19
Mohammadi-Tighsiah, A., Maghsoudi, A., Bagherzadeh-Kasmani, F., Rokouei, M. & Faraji-Arough, H. (2018). Bayesian analysis of genetic parameters for early growth traits and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail. Livestock Science, 216, 197-202.
20
Narinc, D., Karaman, E. & Aksoy, T. (2014). Effects of slaughter age and mass selection on slaughter and carcass characteristics in 2 lines of Japanese quail. Poultry Science, 93, 762-769.
21
Nasirifar, E., Talebi, M., Esmailizadeh, A. K., Moradian, H., Sohrabi, S. S. & Askari, N. (2016). A chromosome-wide QTL mapping on chromosome 2 to identify loci affecting live weight and carcass traits in F2 population of Japanese quail. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 61, 290-297.
22
Ori, R. J., Esmailizadeh, A. K., Charati, H., Mohammadabadi, M. R. & Sohrabi, S. S. (2014). Identification of QTL for live weight and growth rate using DNA markers on chromosome 3 in an F2 population of Japanese quail. Molecular Biology Reports, 41, 1049-1057.
23
Saatci, M., Omed, H. & Ap Dewi, I. (2006). Genetic parameters from univariate and bivariate analyses of egg and weight traits in Japanese quail. Poultry Science, 85, 185-190.
24
Sarker, N., Tsudzuki, M., Nishibori, M. & Yamamoto, Y. (1999). Direct and correlated response to divergent selection for serum immunoglobulin M and G levels in chickens. Poultry Science, 78, 1-7.
25
Shokoohmand, M., Emam Jomeh Kashan, N. & Emami Maybody, M. A. (2007). Estimation of heritability and genetic correlations of body weight in different age for three strains of japanese quail. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 9(6), 945-947.
26
Siegel, P. B. & Honaker, C. F. (2009). Impact of genetic selection for growth and immunity on resource allocations. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18, 125-130.
27
Sohrabi, S. S., Esmailizadeh, A. K., Baghizadeh, A., Moradian, H., Mohammadabadi, M. R., Askari, N. & Nasirifar, E. (2012). Quantitative trait loci underlying hatching weight and growth traits in an F2 intercross between two strains of Japanese quail. Animal Production Science, 52, 1012-1018.
28
Sun, Y., Ellen, E. D., Parmentier, H. K. & van der Poel, J. J. (2013). Genetic parameters of natural antibody isotypes and survival analysis in beak-trimmed and non-beak-trimmed crossbred laying hens. Poultry Science, 92, 2024-2033.
29
van der Klein, S. A., Berghof, T. V., Arts, J. A., Parmentier, H. K., van der Poel, J. J. & Bovenhuis, H. (2015). Genetic relations between natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin and production traits in a purebred layer chicken line. Poultry Science, 94, 875-882.
30
Wegmann, T. G. & Smithies, O. (1966). A Simple hemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies. Transfusion, 6, 67-73.
31
Wijga, S., Parmentier, H. K., Nieuwland, M. G. & Bovenhuis, H. (2009). Genetic parameters for levels of natural antibodies in chicken lines divergently selected for specific antibody response. Poultry Science, 88, 1805-1810.
32
Yunis, R., Ben-David, A., Heller, E. D. & Cahaner, A. (2002). Antibody responses and morbidity following infection with infectious bronchitis virus and challenge with Escherichia coli, in lines divergently selected on antibody response. Poultry Science, 81, 149-159.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of physical form of feed and cage density on laying performance and pattern and egg quality of laying hens
A total of 384 Shaver laying hens were selected at 50 weeks of age, and used in a factorial arrangement with two feed forms (mash and pellet) and three cage densities (3, 4 and 5 hens per cage) for 10 weeks. During 10 weeks of experiment, laying performance and at week 10 egg quality parameters, were measured. The results showed that hens fed pellet feed had higher egg weight at first 5 weeks and higher egg weight and lower feed intake and lower feed conversion ratio for ovearll 10 weeks of experiment, compared to those fed mash diet. During first 5 weeks of experiment, with increasing birds per cage 3 to 4 and 5, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.01), and for overall 10 weeks of experiment, with increasing birds from 3 to 5 per cage, egg production and feed consumption werer significantly reduced (P<0.05). The final body weight and weight changes of lying hens were affected by the cage density, feed form (P<0.01) and their interaction (P<0.05) during experimental period. The effect of cage density on shell thickness and specific gravity of eggs was significant (P<0.05). Egg production during the day was postponed in birds fed pellet feed or reared at higher density. The results showed that by increasing the cage density, laying performance was decreased, but for hens fed pellet feed, cage density had no effect on feed intake.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_76827_1b88de15748c514806203bc678aee07c.pdf
2020-04-20
27
36
10.22059/ijas.2019.287991.653730
Cage density
feed form
Laying Hen
laying pattern
Seyed Naser
Mousavi
snmousavi@hotmail.com
1
Associate Professor , Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Jafari Eravari
jeferson2002@yahoo.com
2
Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Esa
Fahimi
fahimiesa@yahoo.com
3
Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Taherkhani
r_taherkhani@pnu.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Pouya
Zamani
zamani.p@gmail.com
5
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollahi, M. R., Ravindran, V. & Svihus, B. (2013). Pelleting of broiler diets: An overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 179, 1-23.
1
Anderson, K. E., Davis, G. S., Jenkins, P. K. & Carroll, A. S. (2004). Effects of bird age, density and molt on behavioral profiles of two commercial layer strains in cages. Poultry Science, 83, 15-23.
2
Backhouse, D. & Gous, R. M. (2005). The effect of feeding time on shell quality and oviposition time in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 46, 255-259.
3
Carey, J. B., Kuo, F. L. & Anderson K. E. (1995). Effects of cage population on the productive performance of layers. Poultry Science, 74(2), 633-637.
4
Davami, A., Wineland, M. J. & Jones, W. T. (1987). Effects of population-size, floor space, and feeder space upon productive performance, external appearance, and plasma-corticosterone concentration of laying hens. Poultry Science, 66, 251-257.
5
Dozier, W. A., Lott, B. D. & Branton, S. L. (2005). Live performance of male broilers subjected to constant or increasing air velocities at moderate temperatures with a high dew point. Poultry Science, 84, 1328-1331.
6
Estevez, I. (2007). Density allowances for broiler: where to set the limits? Poultry Science, 86, 1265-1272.
7
Frikha, M., Safaa, H. M., Serrano, M. P., Arbe, X. & Mateos, G. G. (2009). Influence of the main cereal and feed form of the diet on performance and digestive tract traits of brown-egg laying pullets. Poultry Science, 88, 994-1002.
8
Gunawardana, P. Sr., Roland, D. A. & Bryant, M. M. (2008). Effect of energy and protein on performance, egg components, egg solids, egg quality, and profits in molted Hy-Line W-36 hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17, 432-439.
9
Hamilton, R. M. G. & Proudfood, F. G. (1995). Effects of ingredient particle size and feed form on the performance of leghorn hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 75, 109-114.
10
Jalal, M. A., Scheideler, S. E. & Marx, D. (2006). Effect of bird cage space and dietary metabolizable energy level on production parameters in laying hens. Poultry Science, 85, 306-311.
11
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13
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16
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17
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18
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19
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26
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27
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29
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38
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation the changes of sexual steroids concentrations and their receptors gene expression during the sexual maturity of native roosters
In order to investigate the changes of sexual steroids concentrations and expression of their receptors’ gene in the testes of Fars native roosters, 24 roosters in the age of 5, 6, 7 and 8 months were selected randomly. In each date of sampling, 6 roosters were slaughtered and blood samples for measuring the concentration of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone, and testis samples for evaluating the level of receptors gene expression of these sexual hormones, were collected. The results indicated that testosterone and progesterone concentrations in the blood of 7 and 8-month roosters were significantly higher compared to 5 and 6-month roosters. The maximum concentration of estradiol in blood was observed in 5 –month roosters and the minimum concentration was observed in 7 and 8-month roosters. The level of testosterone and estradiol receptors gene expression in the testes of 6, 7 and 8-month roosters were increased significantly compared to 5-month roosters, but the level of progesterone receptor gene expression decreased in 6-month roosters compared to 5-month ones. Progesterone receptor gene expression in 7 and 8-month roosters was not changed significantly compared to 5-month roosters. In conclusion the results indicated that both of the testosterone concentration in blood and the expression of its receptor gene in testis, were increased during the sexual maturity period of Fars native roosters but the estradiol concentration decreased while its receptor gene expression increased in the mentioned period.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_77104_ffe433ac84a73f852ad964baeaf0d845.pdf
2020-04-20
37
44
10.22059/ijas.2020.289119.653736
estradiol
gene expression
roosters
Testosterone
testosterone and estradiol receptors
Sina
Looharii Yeilaghi
sinalohari@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Meamar
mehrdad116bmw@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mostafa
Mohaghegh Dolatabadi
mmuhaghegh@yu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Naghiha najaf Abadi
naghiha@yu.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor , Department of Animal Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali, E. A., Zhandi, M., Towhidi, A., Zaghari, M., Ansari, M., Najafi, M. & Deldar, H. (2017). Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, reduces post-peak age-related regression of rooster reproductive performance. Animal Reproduction Science, 183, 110-117.
1
Avital-Cohen, N., Heiblum, R., Argov, N., Rosenstrauch, A., Chaiseha, Y., Mobarkey, N. & Rozenboim, I. (2012). The effect of active immunization against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) & inhibin on reproductive performance of aging White Leghorn roosters. Poultry Science, 91(1), 161-174.
2
Avital-Cohen, N., Heiblum, R., Argov-Argaman, N., Rosenstrauch, A., Chaiseha, Y., Mobarkey, N. & Rozenboim, I. (2013). Age-related changes in gonadal & serotonergic axes of broiler breeder roosters. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 44(3), 145-150.
3
Baszczyk, B., Tarasewicz, Z., Udaa, J., Gczarzewicz, D., Stankiewicz, T., Szczerbiñska, D. & Jasieniecka, J. (2006). Changes in the blood plasma testosterone and cholesterol concentrations during sexual maturation of Pharaoh quail. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 24(3), 259-266.
4
Camacho-Arroyo, I., Gonzalez-Arenas, A., Gonzalez-Aguero, G., Guerra-Araiza, C. H. & Gonzalez-Moran, G. (2003). Changes in the content of progesterone receptor isoform and estrogen receptor alpha in the chick brain during embryonic development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 136:447-452.
5
Canoine, V., Fusani, L., Schlinger, B. & Hau, M. (2007). Low sex steroids, high steroid receptors, increasing the sensitivity of the nonreproductive brain. Developmental Neurobiology, 67(1), 57-67.
6
Centenera, M. M., Harris, J. M., Tilley, W. D. & Butler, L. M. (2008). The contribution of different androgen receptor domains to receptor dimerization and signaling. Molecular Endocrinology, 22, 2373-2382.
7
Dimitriadis, F., Tsiampali, C., Chaliasos, N., Tsounapi, P., Takenaka, A. & Sofikitis, N. (2015). The Sertoli cell as the orchestra conductor of spermatogenesis, spermatogenic cells dance to the tune of testosterone. Hormones (Athens, Greece), 14(4), 479–503.
8
Dorans, R. A., Oliveira, A. G., Dias, M. O., Mahecha, G. A. & Oliveira, C. A. (2008). Comparative expression of androgen receptor in the testis and epididymal region of roosters (Gallus damesticus) and drakes (Anas platyrhynchos). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 155(3),773-779.
9
González-Morán, G. & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2001). Changes immunohistochemical localization of progesterone receptors isoforms in the chick pre-follicular ovary. Anatomia Histologica Embroyologia, 30, 153-158.
10
González-Morán, G. & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2003). Changes in the presence of progesterone receptors isoforms in the oviduct magnum of newly-hatched chicks after gonadotropins treatment. Life science, 73, 871-882.
11
González-Morán, M. G., Guerra-Araiza, C., Campos, M. G. & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2008). Histological and sex steroid hormone receptor changes in testes of immature, mature & aged chickens. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 35(4), 371-379.
12
Gryzińska, M., Strachecka, A. & Krauze, M. (2011). Concentration of testosterone in blood serum in roosters of the Polbar breed depending on age. Annales UMCS, Zootechnica, 29(4), 46-50.
13
Hess, R. A. (2003). Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract, a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 1(1), 5-30.
14
Johnson, P. A., Johnson, A. L. & Van Tienhoven, A. (1985). Evidence for positive feedback interaction between progesterone and luteinizing hormone in the induction of ovulation in the hen (Gallus damesticus). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 58, 478-485.
15
Kiezun, J., Leska, A., Kaminska, B., Jankowski, J. & Dusza, L. (2015). Expression of the androgen receptor in the testes and the concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones in male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) during growth and development. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 214, 149-156.
16
Leska, A., Kiezun, J., Kaminska, B. & Dusza, L. (2015). Estradiol concentration and the expression of estrogen receptors in the testes of the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica) during the annual reproductive cycle. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 51, 96-104.
17
Lue, Y., Wang, C., Lydon, J. P., Leung, A., Li, J. & Swerdloff, R. S. (2013). Functional role of progestin & the progesterone receptor in the suppression of spermatogenesis in rodents. Andrology, 1(2), 308-317.
18
Meamar, M. & Zamiri, M. J. (2005). Seasonal variation of semen characteristics of Fars native chickens. Journal of Iran Agricultural Science, 36(3), 581-590. (in Farsi)
19
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20
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21
Opalka, D. L., Leska, M. A. & Kaminska, B. (2008). Oestrogen receptor α & β mRNA expression in the testis of ganders fed diets containing different levels of phytoestrogens. Journal of Animal Food Science, 17, 600-607.
22
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24
Shahri, L., Alijani, S., Janmohammadi, H., Daghigh Kia, H., Bostanchi, P. & Alizadeh, A. (2015). Evaluation the genetically and phenotypic characteristics of internal quality if Azarbayejan native eggs. Journal of Animal Sciences Researches, 3(1), 49-55. (In Farsi).
25
Sturkie, P. A. (2016). Sturkie's Avian Physipology, (6th ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
26
Tadondjou, D. A. C., Ngoula, F., Kana, J. R., Mube, H. K. & Teguia, A. (2014). Characterization of reproduction of local barred male chicken of the western highl&s of Cameroon, Sexual maturity, fertility & sperm storage term in female. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 4(2), 323-331.
27
Tae, H. J., Jang, B. G., Choi, C. H., Park, Y. J., Yang, H. H. & Kim, I. S. (2005). Changes in the profiles of serum LH, testosterone, estrogen & IGF-I during sexual development in male Korean native chickens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science, 32(2), 135-141.
28
Verma, R. & Krishna, A. (2017). Effect of Letrozole, a selective aromatase inhibitor, on testicular activities in adult mice, both in vivo & in vitro study. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 241, 57-68.
29
Vizcarra, J. A., Kirby, J. D. & Kreider, D. L. (2010). Testis development & gonadotropin secretion in broiler breeder males. Poultry Science, 89(2), 328-334.
30
Wagner, C. K. (2006). The many faces of progesterone, a role in adult & developing male brain. Neuroendocrinology, 27(3), 340-359.
31
Weil, S., Rozenboim, I., Degen, A. A., Dawson, A., Friedländer, M. & Rosenstrauch, A. (1999). Fertility decline in aging roosters is related to increase testicular & plasma levels of estradiol. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 115(1), 23-28.
32
Zamiri, M. J. (2012). Reproductive Physiology. (3th ed.). Hagh Shenas Publishing. (in Farsi)
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic evaluation of reproductive traits in Raeini Cashmere goat using structural equation modeling
In the present study, data collected from 1993 to 2011 in Raeini Cashmere goat breeding station were used for genetic evaluation and inferring causal relationships among reproductive traits applying structural equation models. The studied lifetime reproductive traits were included the overall number of kids born (OLSB), the overall number of kids weaned (OLSW), the overall litter weight at birth (OLWB) and the overall litter weight at weaning (OLWW). Three models including standard (SMM), recursive based on prior knowledge (PRM) and recursive based on inductive causation algorithm (ICM) multivariate models were used for genetic evaluation of animals under the Bayesian approach. The comparisons of the investigated models via deviance information criterion (DIC), mean square error (MSE) and Pearson's correlations between observed and predicted records () revealed that ICM had lower DIC and MSE and higher () for all the studied lifetime reproductive traits; implying the more plausibility of ICM over SMM and PRM. Furthermore, re-raking of the animals under SMM and ICM confirmed the importance of considering the causal relationship among the traits for ensuring accurate ranking of animals according to their breeding values.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_76830_4a01d902aebcdb749c71cc103b6fa7bc.pdf
2020-04-20
45
55
10.22059/ijas.2020.284288.653716
causal relationships
predictive ability
Reproductive traits
structural equation models
Morteza
Sattaei Mokhtari
mrzmokhtari59@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arsalan
Barazandeh
mabrazandeh@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
AUTHOR
Moslem
Moghbeli damaneh
moslem_md65@yahoo.com
3
Instructor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Roudbari
roudbari.zahra@ujiroft.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
AUTHOR
Amou Posht-e Masari, H., Hafezian, S.H., Abdollahi-Arpanahi, R., Mokhtari, M.S. & Rahimi Mianji, G. (2018). Estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trends for growth traits in Lori Bakhtiari sheep using structural equation models. Animal Production Research, 7(2), 83-96. (in Farsi)
1
Amou Posht-e Masari, H., Hafezian, S.H., Abdollahi-Arpanahi, R., Mokhtari, M.S., Rahimi Mianji, Gh. & Taheri Yeganeh, A. (2019). The comparison of alternative models for genetic evaluation of growth traits in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep: implications on predictive ability and ranking of animals. Small Ruminant Research, 173, 59-64.
2
Gianola, D. & Sorensen, D. (2004). Quantitative genetic models for describing simultaneous and recursive relationships between phenotypes. Genetics, 167, 1407-1424.
3
Jafari, S. & Manafiazar, G. (2016). Estimates of genetic parameters for lifetime reproductive performance traits in Makuei ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 139, 67-72.
4
Konig, S., Wu, X.L., Gianola, D., Heringstad, B. & Simianer, H. (2008). Exploration of relationships between claw disorders and milk yield in Holstein cows via recursive linear and threshold models. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 395-406.
5
Kosgey, I.S. & Okeyo, A.M. (2007). Genetic improvement of small ruminants in low-input, smallholder production systems: technical and infrastructural issues. Small Ruminant Research, 70, 76-88.
6
Maghsoudi, A., Vaez Torshizi, R. & Safi Jahanshahi, A. (2009). Estimates of (co)variance components for productive and composite reproductive traits in Iranian Cashmere goats. Livestock Science, 126, 162-167.
7
Matos, C.A., Thomas, D.L., Gianola, D., Tempelman, R.J. & Young, L.D. (1997). Genetic analysis of discrete traits in sheep using linear and nonlinear models: I. Estimation of genetic parameters. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 76-87.
8
Menezes, L.M., Sousa, W.H., Cavalcanti-Filho, E.P. & Gama, L.T. (2016). Genetic parameters for reproduction and growth traits in Boer goatsin Brazil. Small Ruminant Research, 136, 247-256.
9
Misztal, I., Tsuruta, S., Strabel, T., Auvray, B., Druet, T. & Lee, D. (2002). BLUPF90 and related programs (BGF90). In: Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 19-23 Aug., Montpellier, France.
10
Mohammadi, H., Moradi Sharebabak, M. & Moradi Sharebabak, H. (2012). Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits and prolificacy in Raeini Cashmere goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44, 1213-1220.
11
Mokhtari, M.S., Moradi Shahrbabak, M., Nejati Javaremi, A. & Rosa, G.J.M. (2018). Searching causal structure among calving traits in first-parity Holstein cattles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 49, 1-9. (in Farsi)
12
Mokhtari, M.S., Moghbeli Damaneh, M. & Abdollahi Arpanahi, R. (2018). The application of recursive multivariate model for genetic evaluation of early growth traits in Raeini Chasmere goat: A comparison with standard multivariate model. Small Ruminant Research, 165, 54-61.
13
Rosa, G.J.M., Valente, B.D., de los Campos, G., Wu, X.L., Gianola, D. & Silva, M.A. (2011). Inferring causal phenotype networks using structural equation models. Genetics Selection Evolution, 43, 6.
14
Sorensen, D.A. & Gianola, D. (2002). Likelihood, Bayesian and MCMC methods in quantitative genetics. Springer-Verlag, New York.
15
Valente, B.D. & Rosa, G.J.M. (2013). Mixed effects structural equation models and phenotypic causal networks,In: C. Gondro, (Ed), Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction, Methods in Molecular Biology. (pp. 449-464.) Springer Sciences.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of fermented canola meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, tibia mineralization and intestinal characteristics of broiler chickens
This study intended to investigate the effects of canola meal fermentation on its nutritional characteristics and broiler chickens growth performance using Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. In this experiment, 280 male Ross day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 7 experimental treatments with 4 replicates containing 10 chicks each. Treatments included control diet, canola meal and fermented canola meal at 3 levels (5, 10 and 15%) each. Results indicated that fermentation of canola meal reduced the amount of glucosinolates and amino acids methionine and cysteine by 50%, while its sulfur content increased about 50% and protein content of fermented canola meal increased by 2.2%. At the level of 15%, processed and unprocessed canola meal had no effect on growth performance, weight of carcass parts, tibia mineralization and nutrient digestibility in grower, finisher and whole period .It is concluded that fermented canola meal increased TSH and ACTH levels. Also intestinal viscosity increased with consumption of both types of meal (P <0.05) but had no effect on jejunal morphology and ileum pH. canola meal meal (processed or unprocessed) can be used up to 15% in broiler diets without any adverse effect. However fermentation process reduces the glucoseinolate level significantly.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_76832_15e13d8c75c5044cf3c5c74005adad37.pdf
2020-04-20
57
68
10.22059/ijas.2020.291281.653748
Broilers
Canola meal
Fermentation
Performance
viscosity
Mohammad
Davodifar
davodifar.m@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansour
Rezaei
mrezaei2000@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D. Professor, Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
AUTHOR
Nohammad
Hashemi
sm_hashemi570@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Qom Agriculture Research center, AREEO, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
AOAC (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of AOAC International (16th Edn.). Virginia. USA, Pp, 1147.
1
Alvarenga, R. R., Zangeronimo, M. G., Rodrigues, P. B., Pereira, L. J., Wolp, R.C. & Almeida, E.C. (2013). Formulation of diets for poultry: the importance of prediction equations to estimate the energy values. Archivos de Zootecnia, 62, 1-11.
2
Ashayerizadeh, A., Dastar, B., Shamsshargh, M., Sadeghi, A. R. and Zerehdaran, S. (2016). Effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on reduction salmonella population in broiler chickens. Animal Science Journal (Pajohesh & Sazandegi), 111, 121-132.
3
Chiang,G., Lu, W. Q., Piao, X. S., Hu, J. K., Gong, L. M. & Thacker, P. A. (2010). Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutriented digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asia Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 23, 263-271.
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10
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Ishikawa, T. & Nanjo, F. (2009). Dietary cycloinulo oligosaccharides enhance intestinal immunoglobulin A production in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 73, 677-682.
12
Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M. A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M. E. & Ahmed, S. (2008). Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poultry Science, 87(3), 468-474.
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14
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of different levels of selenium as a slow release bolus pre-mating on performance and some blood metabolites of Lori Bakhtiari ewes
The present experiment was designed to evaluate the efficiency of the slow-release bolus containing different selenium levels on performance and some blood and milk parameters of Lori Bakhtiari ewes. For this purpose, 45 ewes were divided into three groups (15 in each). Treatments were: 1) control ewes; 2) ewes receiving 0.2 milligrams of selenium per day; and 3) ewes receiving 0.4 mg selenium per day. On the first day of the experiment, all ewes received CIDR and the boluses were fed to the different groups on the same day. During the feeding period the ewes were grazed on the pasture. Blood samples collected from all ewes at 76 days post-mating (mid-gestation) and 30 days postpartum before going to rangeland. The results showed that birth weight, weight at two months of age, average daily gain, milk production, fat content, protein content, non-fat solids content in milk and milk selenium concentration were higher in the groups receiving selenium than the control (P<0.05). Milk production of ewes receiving 0.4 mg selenium per day was higher than those of receiving 0.2 mg selenium per day (P <0.05). Serum selenium and triiodothyronine concentration and blood glutathione peroxidase activity in ewes receiving different levels of selenium were higher than those of control (P<0.05). Overall, both levels of selenium improved the performance of the lambs and some of the blood and milk parameters of the ewes, but the use of 0.40 mg Se/day due to higher milk production is recommended.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_76833_9c36e916585ff314974e2dd77bbe403a.pdf
2020-04-20
69
79
10.22059/ijas.2020.290116.653742
Glutathione peroxidase
Milk
slow-release boluses
triiodothyronine
Morvarid
Imani
mv.imani.2017@gmail.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student , Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Aliarabi
h_aliarabi@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Daryoush
Alipour
alipourd@basu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Fadayifar
fadayifar.amir@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
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