ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of genes affecting the amount of abdominal fat in broiler chickens using microarray and RNA sequencing data
Abdominal fat deposition and several other unique features in the metabolism of birds such as interaction between genetic and endocrine factors, fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are signs of obesity and metabolic disorders in poultry, similar to humans. The main purpose of this study was to use transcript profile of fat tissue in two groups of broiler chickens with high and low abdominal fat deposition, to identify the genes involved in storage and metabolism of fat, as well as the signaling pathways associated with the endocrine glands. Based on the analysis of microarray and RNA-seq data, 2914 and 1867 genes were detected as differentially expressed genes, respectively. In total, 1835 genes were identified by comparing the genes with a significant difference in expression (P<0.000001). Then, by comparing the number of relevant genes among the transcript profiles, the most important related genes were THBS1, COLEC12, ANXA7, RGS19, TMEM258 and HTR7L, which in the main process of pathways controlling synthesis, fat metabolism and storage and the endocrine signaling pathways activated by adipokines, are involved. The analysis of the relevant tissue may indicate the role of ventricular fat as a metabolic and endocrine organ in broiler chickens.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75120_47d17a774287002b4cd01ec849fed976.pdf
2020-02-20
259
269
10.22059/ijas.2019.281245.653703
Data Mining
Fat Metabolism
signaling pathway
transcriptomic profile
Farzad
Ghafouri
farzad.ghafouri@ut.ac.ir
1
M.Sc. Student, of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Sadeghi
sadeghimos@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Bahrami
a.bahrami@ut.ac.ir
3
Former Ph.D. Student of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Reza
Miraei Ashtiani
ashtiani@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and corn processing on productive performance of Holstein dairy cows
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and corn processing on productive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (milk yield= 46±3 kg/d) were assigned to a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor 1 was corn processing method, ground corn or steam flaked corn, and factor 2 was two ratio canola meal to soybean meal (50:50 or 100:0). No significant interactions of main treatment effects occurred for lactation performance data. Dry matter intake and milk production was not affected by replacement of soybean meal with canola meal. Milk compounds concentration was not affected by this replacement. Substitution of hundred percent of soybean meal with canola meal in the diet decreased the apparent digestibility of the dry matter. Feed intake was decrease when the cows received steam flaked corn compared with those receiving ground corn. Milk fat content decreased but milk protein content increased in cows fed steam flaked compared with those fed ground corn. Although these results showed no interaction effects of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and corn processing method on performance, higher canola meal ratio and steam flaked corn improved feed efficiency and has a positive effect on the metabolism of nitrogen and energy, so recommended to fed in high-yielding cows under the conditions of this experiment.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75121_6278ecacbce77f738fc7d1995a2b42d9.pdf
2020-02-20
271
282
10.22059/ijas.2019.287144.653728
Canola meal
Corn Processing
Holstein cow
soybean meal
Farzad
Abdollahzadeh
farzad.abdolahzadeh@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Animal Science, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Mohammadzadeh
h.mohammadzadeh@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Khorvash
khorvash.m@gmail.com
3
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Taghizadeh
a.taghizadeh@gmail.com
4
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Hosseinkhani
ali.hosseinkhani@gmail.com
5
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of growth and carcass traits of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs and their crosses with Romanov and Pakistani breeds
This study was conducted to investigate the performance of growth and carcass traits of Lori-Bakhtiari (L), Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari (F1RL), Pakistani×Lori-Bakhtiari (F1PL), (Pakistani×Lori-Bakhtiari)×(Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari) (¼P¼R½L) and (Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari)×(Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari) (F2RL) crossbred lambs. Carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari (n=50), F1RL (n=41) and F2RL (n=20) crossbred lambs. Lambs were weaned at the age of 90 ± 5 days. Lambs were slaughtered at six month of age. Birth weight in Lori-Bakhtiari (5.12 kg) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in Romanov (4.81 kg) and Pakistani (4.57 kg) crossbred. Weaning weight and body weight in six months were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Romanov × Lori-Bakhtiari crossbred lambs (30.96 and 42.75, respectively) than in Lori-Bakhtiari (28.81 and 41.69, respectively) and others genetic compositions. F1RL and F2RL crossbred lambs for lean percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in Lori-Bakhtiari lambs in constant age (59.57, 60.57 and 50.03, repectively) and in constant weight (60.99, 59.24 and 49.56, repectively). Weight and percentage of total fat of carcass in Lori-Bakhtiari lambs (7.56 kg, 31.57% in constant age 6.65 kg, 30.46% in constant weight, repectively) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than of F1RL (4.25 kg, 20.91% and 4.30 kg, 20.08%, repectively) and F2RL (2.95 kg, 17.97% and 5.12 kg, 22.46%, repectively) lambs. In conclusion, crossbreeding between Romanov and Lori-Bakhtiari (F1) improves body weight at weaning and at six months of age, and carcass composition.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75122_9d309618fc3622d51bd54d92711ac458.pdf
2020-02-20
283
294
10.22059/ijas.2019.288650.653734
Carcass
Crossbreeding
Growth
Lori-Bakhtiari
Pakistani
Romanov
Mohammad Ali
Talebi
maitalebi@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Bagheri
bagherimohsen@yahoo.com
2
Instructor, Animal Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of curcumin on frozen-thawed sperm quality and fertility of broiler breeder roosters
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on post-thawed sperm quality parameters and fertility of male broiler breeders. Twenty 49-week-old Ross 308 broiler roosters were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=5). Different levels of curcumin including: 0 (T1), 10 (T2), 20 (T3) and 30 (T4) mg of curcumin/bird/day were supplemented to basal diet and fed to the birds from 49-61 weeks of age. After a 5-week of feeding curcumin (49-53 weeks), sperm quality was assessed for 6 weeks (54 to 59 weeks of age) following cryopreservation of semen samples. In order to evaluate fertility rate, the semen samples from weeks 60 and 61 were thawed and artificially inseminated into 68 broiler hens (n=17). Curcumin supplementation increased total motility in the T3 and T4 groups, and progressive motility in the T2, T3, and T4 groups compared to the T1 group (P<0.05). Feeding curcumin increased the viability of sperm in T3 and T4 groups compared to the T1 group (P<0.05). Plasma membrane functionality (HOS) was increased in all curcumin-treated birds compared to the control group (P<0.05); however, the highest performance was observed in T3 and T4 groups. Curcumin supplementation increased fertility rate in T3 and T4 groups compared to the T1 group. In general, the results of this study indicated positive effects of curcumin on sperm quality and fertility of broiler breeder roosters after thawing, and the best results were obtained when 20 or 30 mg of curcumin were fed daily for 13 weeks.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75600_1eed743ea56ca5b61f44ea4fedf3cc97.pdf
2020-02-20
295
306
10.22059/ijas.2018.252502.653618
Antioxidant
cryopreservation sperm
rooster
Turmeric
Faezeh
Jalili
f.jalili@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Zareh-Shahneh
azareh@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Zeinoaldini
zeinoaldini@ut.ac.ir
3
Associated Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Yousefi
rezayousefi2005@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Research, Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Kazemizadeh
aminkazemi97@gmail.com
5
M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abarikwu, S. O., Akiri, O. F., Durojaiye, M. A. & Alabi, A. F. (2014). Combined administration of curcumin and gallic acid inhibits gallic acid-induced suppression of steroidogenesis, sperm output, antioxidant defenses and inflammatory responsive genes. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 143, 49-60.
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Sarabia, F. J., Pizarro D. M., Abad Moreno, J. C., Casanovas I. P., Rodriguez‐Bertos, A. & Barger, K. (2013). Relationships between fertility and some parameters in male broiler breeders (body and testicular weight, histology and immunohistochemistry of testes, spermatogenesis and hormonal levels). Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 48(2), 345-352.
37
Shah, S. A.H., Andrabi, S. M.H. & Qureshi, I. Z. (2017). Freezability of water buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa is improved with the addition of curcumin (diferuoyl methane) in semen extender. Andrologia, 49(8), e12713.
38
Shahverdi, A., Sharafi, M., Gourabi, H., Yekta, A. Amiri; Esmaeili, V. & Sharbatoghli, M. et al. (2015). Fertility and flow cytometric evaluations of frozen-thawed rooster semen in cryopreservation medium containing low-density lipoprotein. Theriogenology, 83(1), 78-85.
39
Srivastava, N. & Pande, M. (2016). Mitochondrion: features, functions and comparative analysis of specific probes in detecting sperm cell damages. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 5(6), 445-452.
40
Soleimanzadeh, A. & Saberivand, A. (2013). Effect of curcumin on rat sperm morphology after the freeze-thawing process. Veterinary Research Forum, 4(3), 185-189.
41
Tvrda, E., Tusimova, E., Kovacik, Anton Paal, D., Greifova, H., Abdramanov, A. & Lukac, N. (2016). Curcumin has protective and antioxidant properties on bull spermatozoa subjected to induced oxidative stress. Animal Reproduction Science, 172, 10-20.
42
Yan, W., Kanno, C., Oshima, E., Kuzuma, Y., Kim, S. W. & Bai, H. et al. (2017). Enhancement of sperm motility and viability by turmeric by-product dietary supplementation in roosters. Animal Reproduction Science, 185, 195-204.
43
Zhang, X., Berry, W. D., McDaniel, G. R., Roland, D. A., Liu, P., Calvert, C. & Wilhite, R. (1999). Body weight and semen production of broiler breeder males as influenced by crude protein levels and feeding regimens during rearing. Poultry Science, 78(2), 190-196.
44
Zini, A., San Gabriel, M. & Baazeem, A. (2009). Antioxidants and sperm DNA damage: a clinical perspective. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 26(8), 427-432.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of injection of vitamin E and selenium solution and vitamin B12 and iron solution to transition dairy cows on colostrum quality, and antioxidant capacity and serum metabolites in calves
In this experiment, effects of injection of vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) solution and vitamin B12 (VB12) and iron (Fe) solution to transition dairy cows on colostrum quality and calves’ antioxidant capacity, concentrations of VE and VB12, Fe and Se, serum metabolites and blood cells were studied. Twentyprimiparous (607.09±60.26 kg of body weight) and twentymultiparous (712±55.54 kg of body weight) Holstein dairy cows were divided to 4 based on parity and body weight in a randomized completely block design. Experimental treatments consisted of 1) injection of 7 ml of NaCl % 0.9 (Control), 2) injection of 60 ml of VE and Se solution, 3) injection of 7 ml of VB12 and Fe solution and 4) injection of 60 ml of VE and Se solution with 7 ml VB12 and Fe solution. Solutions injected on 21 and 7 day prepartum and calves blood samples collected before and 24h after cholestrum feeding. Results indicated that treatments had no effect on calves’birth weight and colostrum concentrations of fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat, and immunoglobulinG. Serum concentrations of VE and B12, Se and Fe, serum activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and serum metabolites did not affected by the experimental treatments. Altogether, it can be concluded that injection of VE and Se solution and VB12 and Fe solution to transition dairy cows on days 21 and 7 prepartum had no effect on calves’immune system at first 24h of life.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75601_565250811d28deba1f9bf2311da02055.pdf
2020-02-20
307
317
10.22059/ijas.2019.269845.653670
antioxidant capacity
Calf
Colostrum
vitamin E and Se
vitamin B12 and Fe
Reza
Mousavi
sghrmousavi@gmail.com
1
Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshid
Fatahnia
ffatahnia@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Golnaz
Taasoli
gtaasoli@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Agirculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Yahya
Mohammadi
mohamadi_yahya@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mirzaee
mirzaee.1984@gmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Arak Unicersity, Iran
AUTHOR
Fakhrodin
Armioon
6
Former M. Sc. Student of Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, IIran
AUTHOR
Abdelrahman, M. M. & Kincaid, R. L. (1995). Effect of selenium supplementation on maternal transfer of selenium in the bovine. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 625-630.
1
Akins, M. S., Bertics, S. J., Socha, M. T. & Shaver, R. D. (2013). Effects of cobalt supplementation and vitamin B12 injections on lactation performance and metabolism of Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96, 1755-1768.
2
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3
Baldi, A., Savoini, G., Pinotti, L., Monfardini, E., Cheli, F. & Dellerto, V. (2000). Effects of vitamin E and different energy sources on vitamin E status, milk quality and reproduction in transition cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 47, 599-608.
4
Bunger, U., Schmoldt, P. & Ponge, J. (1986). Oral and parenteral control of iron deficiency in relation to the course diseases in milk fed calves originating from different farms. Monatshefte fur Veterinarmedizin, 41, 302-306.
5
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8
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9
Erskine, R. J., Bartlett, P. C., Herdt, T. & Gaston, P. (1997). Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 211, 466-469.
10
Esposito, G., Irons, P. C. & Webb, E. C. (2013). Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 144, 60-71.
11
Geisser, P., Hole, H., Baer, M., Heim, H. & Fischer, W. (1991). Investigation on the dosage/efficacy relationship of iron dextran in veal calves. Arzneimittel Forschung, 41, 32-37.
12
Girard, C. L. & Matte, J. J. (2005). Effects of intramuscular injections of vitamin B12 on lactation performance of dairy cows fed dietary supplements of folic acid and rumen-protected methionine. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 671-676.
13
Godden, S. (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Veterinary Clinics of Food Animal Practice, 24, 19-39.
14
Gygax, M., Hirni, H. & Wahlen, R. (1993). Immune functions of veal calves fed low amounts of iron. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 40, 1-10.
15
Harrison, J. H., Hancock, D. D. & Conard, H. R. (1984). Vitamin E and selenium for reproduction of dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 67, 123-132.
16
Herdt, T. H. & Stowe, H. D. (1991). Fat-soluble vitamin nutrition for dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of Food Animal Practice, 7, 391-415.
17
Hogan, J. S., Weiss, W. P. & Smith, K. L. (1993). Role of vitamin E and selenium in host defence against mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 2795-2803.
18
Kreipe, L., Deniz, A., Bruckmaier, R. M. & Van Dorland, H. A. (2011). First report about the mode of action of combined butafosfan and cyanocobalamin on hepatic metabolism in nonketotic early lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 4904-4914.
19
Lacetera, N., Bernabuci, U., Ronchi, B. & Nardone, A. (1996). Effects of selenium and vitamin E administration during a late stage of pregnancy on colostrums and milk production in dairy cows, and on passive immunity and growth of their offspring. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 1776-1780.
20
Lindt, F. & Blum, J. W. (1993). Physical performance of veal calves during chronic iron deficiency anaemia and after acute iron overload. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 40, 444-455
21
Mallard, B. A., Dekkers, J. C., Ireland, M. J., Leslie, K. E., Sharif, S. & Vankampen, C. L. (1998). Alteration in immune responsiveness during the peripartum period and its ramification on dairy cow and calf health. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 585-595.
22
McKenzie, R. C., Arthur, J. R. & Beckett, G. J. (2002). Selenium and the regulation of cell signaling, growth, and survival: Molecular and mechanistic aspects. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 4, 339-351.
23
Moeini, M. M., Karami, H. & Mikaeili, E. (2009). Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation during the late pregnancy on reproductive indices and milk production in heifers. Animal Reproduction Science, 114, 109-114.
24
Moeini, M. M., Kiani, A., Karami, H. & Mikaeili, E. (2011). The Effect of selenium administration on the selenium, copper, iron and zinc status of pregnant heifers and their newborn calves. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13, 53-59.
25
Mohri, M., Poorsina, Sh. & Sedaghat, R. (2010). Effects of parenteral supply of iron on RBC parameters, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Biological Trace Element Research, 136, 33-39.
26
Mohri, M., Sarrafzadeh, F. & Seifi, H. A. (2006). Effects of oral iron supplementation on haematocrit, live weight gain and health in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Veterinary Research, 7, 34-37.
27
Mohri, M., Sarrafzadeh, F., Seifi, H. A. & N. Farzaneh. (2004). Effects of oral iron supplementation on some haematological parameters and iron biochemistry in neonatal dairy calves. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 13, 39-42.
28
Mustacich, D. & Powis, G. (2000). Thioredoxin reductase. Biochemical Journal, 346, 1-8.
29
National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). (1992). Dairy herd management practices focusing on preweaned heifers. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO.
30
National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). (1996). Dairy herd management practices focusing on preweaned heifers. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO.
31
National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. (7th Ed). National Research Council/National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
32
Pontes, G. C. S., Monteiro, P. L. J., Prata, A. B., Guardieiro, M. M., Pinto, D. A. M., Fernandes, G. O., Wiltbank, M. C., Santos, J. E. P. & Sartori, R. (2015). Effect of injectable vitamin E on incidence of retained fetal membranes and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 2437-2449.
33
Sangild, P. T. (2003). Uptake of colostral immunoglobulins by the compromised newborn farm animal: a review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Supplement, 98, 105-122.
34
Santschi, D. E., Berthiaume, R., Matte, J. J., Mustafa, A. F. & Girard, C. L. (2005). Fate of supplementary B-vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 2043-2054.
35
SAS. (2013). User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.4 Edition. Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
36
Sordillo, L. M. (2005). Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility. Livestick Science, 98, 89-99.
37
Spears, J. W. & Weiss, W. P. (2008). Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 176, 70-76.
38
Tomlinson, D. J., Socha, M. T. & DeFrain, J. M. (2008). Role of trace minerals in the immune system. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop. Washington. USA.
39
USDA. (2008). Colostrum feeding and management on U.S. dairy operations 1991-2007. USDA-APHIS-VS, CEAH, Fort Collins, CO.
40
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3593-3597.
41
Weiss, W. P. & Spears, J. W. (2006). Vitamin and trace mineral effects on immune function of ruminants. Ruminant Physiology. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 473-496.
42
Yang, M., Zou, Y., Wu, Z. H., Li, S. L. & Cao, Z. J. (2015). Colostrum quality affects immune system establishment and intestinal development of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 1-11.
43
Zarcula, S., Cernescu, H., Mircu, C., Tulcan, C., Morvay, A., Baul, S. & Popovici, D. (2010). Influence of breed, parity and food intake on chemical composition of first colostrum in cow. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 43, 154-157.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of positive and negative dietary cation-anion difference in close-up Holstein heifers on performance, blood metabolites and immunoglobulin of colostrum
Supplementing anionic salts to make negative DCAD in close-up heifers’ diets is still a challenging topic in formulation of dairy cattle rations. Twelve close-up Holstein heifers (21 ± 7 d expected to calving date) were fed individually and allocated to two treatments of 6 animals each. Experimental treatments were; 1) positive DCAD with level of +165 meq/kg basis on dry matter; and 2) negative DCAD with the level of -85 meq/kg basis on dry matter. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition, colostrum yield and its immunoglobulins content and some blood metabolites (pre- and post-partum) were evaluated. The results show that DMI was similar between treatments. The blood pH was lesser in negative-DCAD fed heifers. Among blood metabolites, only Ca was increased in negative-DCAD fed heifers. Colostrum and milk yield and milk composition, colostrum concentrations of IgM and IgA were similar between treatments. However, serum and colostrum concentrations of IgG were slightly increased in negative-DCAD fed heifers; a further research should be carried out to elaborate on the effects of using negative-DCAD rations in close-up heifers exposed to stressful conditions.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75602_d6778b4ceacbed471a51c1a85a6c85d3.pdf
2020-02-20
319
328
10.22059/ijas.2019.282671.653710
Anionic salts
colostrum immunity
dietary cation– anion difference
Vahid
Gholamhoseini
gholamhoseini2003@gmail.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Kazemi-Bonchenari
m-kazemibonchenari@araku.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Khodaei Motlagh
mmotlagh2002@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Moradi
moradi.hosein@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Arak University, Iran
AUTHOR
Barrington, G.M., Besser, T.E. & Davis, W.C. (1997). Expression of immunoglobulin G1 receptors in bovine mammary epithelial cells and mammary leukocytes. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 86-93.
1
Block, E. (1984). Manipulating dietary anions and cations for prepartum dairy cows to reduce incidence of milk fever. Journal of Dairy Science, 67, 2939-2948.
2
Cebra, C.K., Gerry, F.B., Getzy, D.M. & Fettman, M.J. (1997) Hepatic lipidosis in anorectic lactating Holstein cattle. A retrospective study of serum biochemical abnormalities. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 4, 231-237.
3
Charbonneau, E., Pellerin, D. & Oetzel, G.R. (2006). Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in non-lactating dairy cows; a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 537-548.
4
DeGroot, M.A., Block, E. & French, P.D. (2010). Effect of prepartum anionic supplementation on periparturient feed intake, health, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 5268-5279.
5
Dhiman, T.R. & Sasidharan, V. (1999). Effectiveness of calcium chloride in increasing blood calciumconcentrations of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 1597-1605.
6
Ender, F., Dishington, I.W. & Helgebostad, A. (1971). Calcium balance studies in dairy cows under experimental induction and prevention of hypocalcaemia paresis puerperalis. Zeitschrift Tierphysiologie Tierenahrung, Futtermittelkunde, 28, 233-256.
7
Ferguson, J. D., Galligan, D.T. & Thomsen, N. (1994). Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 2695-2703.
8
Fredeen, A.H., DePeters, E.J. & Baldwin, R.L. (1988). Characterization of acid-base disturbances and effects on calcium of dietary fixed ions in pregnant or lactating does. Journal of Animal Science, 66, 159-173.
9
Giulio, C., Francesca, D.C., Pesavento, A., Ravarotto, L. & Gianfranco, G. (2005). Effects of two different prepartum diets on some metabolic traits and productive response in multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation. Italian Journal of Dairy Science, 4, 127-130.
10
Goff, J.P. & Horst, R.L. (1998). Use of hydrochloric acid as a source of anions for prevention of milk fever. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 2874-2880.
11
Goff, J.P. (2008a). Transition Cow Immune Function and Interaction with Metabolic Diseases. Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, pp: 45-57.
12
Goff, J.P. & Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiology and management; physiological changes at parturition and theirrelationship to metabolic disorders. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1260-268.
13
Goff, J.P. & Kimura, K. (2002). Effect of mastectomy on milk fever, energy, and vitamins A, E, and β-carotene status at parturition. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1427-1436.
14
Grafton, G. & Thwaite, L. (2001). Calcium channels in lymphocytes. Immunology, 104, 119-126.
15
Grummer, R.R., Mashek, D.G. & Hayirli, A. (2004). Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period. Veterinary Clinics North American Food Animal Practice, 20, 447-70.
16
Horst, R.L., Goff, J.P., Reinhardt, T.A. & Boxton, D.R. (1997). Strategies for preventing milk fever indairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1269-1280.
17
Jones, G. (2008). Pharmocokinetics of Vitamin D toxicity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88(Suppl), 582S-586S.
18
Joyce, P.W., Sanchez, W.K. & Goff, J. P. (1997). Effect of anionic salts in prepartum diets based on alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2866-2875.
19
Kimura, K., Reinhardt, T.A. & Goff, J.P. (2006). Parturition and hypocalcemia blunts calcium signals in immunecells of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 2588-2595.
20
Martinez, N., Risco, C.A., Lima, F.S., Bisinotto, R.S., Greco, L.F., Ribeiro, E.S., Maunsell, F., Galvao, K.N. & Santos, J.E.P. (2012). Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 7158-7152.
21
Melendez, P., Donovan, G.A., Risco, C.A., Littell, R. & Goff, J.P. (2003). Effect of calcium-energy supplementson calving-related disorders, fertility and milk yield during the transition period in cows fed anionic diets.Theriogenology, 60, 843-854.
22
Moore, S.J., Vandehaar, M.J., Sharma, K., Pilbcam, T.F., Beede, D.K., Bucholtz, F., Liesman, J.S., Horst, R.L. & Goff, J.P. (2000). Effect of altering dietary cation-Anion difference on calcium andenergy metabolism in prepartum cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 53, 2095-2099.
23
Muller, L.D. & Ellinger, D.K. (1981). Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations among breeds of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 64, 1727-1730.
24
National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
25
Nelson, C.D., Reinhardt, T.A., Thacker, T.C., Beitz, D.C. & Lippolis, J.D. (2010). Modulation of the bovine innate immune response by production of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bovine monocytes. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 1041-1049.
26
Nonnecke, B.J., Kimura, K., Goff, J.P., Marcus, J. & Kehrli, E. (2003). Effects of the mammary gland on functional capacities of nblood mononuclear leukocyte populations from periparturient cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 2359-2368.
27
Oetzel, G.R. & Barmore, J.A. (1993). Intake of a concentrate mixture containing various anionic saltsfed to pregnant, nonlactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 1617-1623.
28
Sanchez, W. K. (2003). The latest in dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) Nutrition. In: Proceeding of43rd Annual Dairy Cattle Day 26th March., Main Theater. University of California. Davis Campus.
29
Sasaki, M., Davis, C.L. & Larson, B.L. (1976). Production and turnover of IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulin in the bovine around parturition. Journal of Dairy Science, 59, 2046-2055.
30
Tucker, W., Xin, Z. & Hemkin, R.W. (1991). Influence of calcium chloride on systemic acid-base status and calcium metabolism indairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 1401-1407.
31
Tucker, W.B., Xin, Z. & Hemkin, R.W. (1988). Influence of dietary calcium chloride onadaptive changes in acid-base status and mineral metabolism in lactating dairycows fed a diet high in sodium bicarbonate. Journal of Dairy Science, 71, 1587-1597.
32
Van Mosel, M., Van’t Klooster, A.T., van Mosel, F. & Kuilen, J.V.D. (1993). Effects of reducing dietary [(Na+ + K+) – (Cl- + SO4)] on the rate of calcium mobilization by dairy cows at parturition. Research in Veterinary Science, 54, 1-9.
33
Wu, W.X., Liu, J.X., Xu, G.Z. & Ye, J.A. (2008). Calcium homeostasis acid-base balance, and healthstatus in preparturient Holstein cows fed diets with low cation-anion difference. Livestock Science, 117, 7-14.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of different adsorbents on the performance and liver parameters of broilers fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of aluminum silicate (AS), humic acid (HA), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (SC), herbal powder (HP) and a commercial toxin binder to alleviate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler diet. In this experiment we used 320 day old chicks in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications, and 10 birds in each replicate, from 7 to 28 days of age. Experimental treatments were: 1) negative control (NC; without AFB1), 2) positive control (PC; contaminated by 0.3 mg AFB1 / kg diet), 3) PC + AS, 4) PC + AS + HA, 5) PC + AS + SC, 6) PC + AS + HA + SC, 7) PC + Magnotox as a commercial binder and 8) PC + HP. Feeding AFB1 contaminated diet reduced broiler performance, increased relative weights of liver, heart, pancreas and reduced serum albumin, total protein and glucose concentrations (P <0.05). Inclusion of AS in PC diet individually improved the negative effects of AFB1. However, supplementation of SC boosted AS effects, HA supplementation was rarely effective. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of AS + SC has the highest adsorbing ability of AFB1.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75603_6ccdbf87ce1a97449352d6936549130d.pdf
2020-02-20
329
339
10.22059/ijas.2020.273823.653680
Aflatoxin B1
Aluminum silicate
Broilers
Humic Acid
Yeast cell wall
Moloud
Parsafar
melody_parsafar7@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
AUTHOR
Maziar
Mohiti Asli
mmohiti@guilan.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Farzaneh
m_farzaneh@sbu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19835-389, Iran
AUTHOR
Alam, M. J., Howlider, M. A. R., Pramanik, M. A. H. & Haque, M. A. (2003). Effect of exogenous enzyme in diet on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2, 168-173.
1
AOAC International. (2005). Association of Official Analysis Chemists, (18th ed.). AOAC, Arlington, VA.
2
Aravind, K. L., Patil, V. S., Devegowda, G., Umakantha, B. & Ganpule, S. P. (2003). Efficacy of esterified glucomannan to counteract mycotoxicosis in naturally contaminated feed on performance and serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broilers. Poultry Science, 82, 571-576.
3
Bailey, R. H., Kubena, L. F., Harvey, R. B., Buckley, S. A. & Rottinghaus, G. E. (1998). Efficacy of various inorganic sorbents to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler. Poultry Science, 77, 1623-1630.
4
Daghir, N.J. (1995). Mycotoxins in Poultry Feeds, Poultry Production in Hot Climates. CAB International,pp, 157-184.
5
Devegowda, G. & Raju, M.V. (1998). Mycotoxins: Novel solutions for their counteraction. Feedstuffs, 370, 12-16.
6
Dos Anjos, F., Ledoux, D. R., Rottinghaus, G. E. & Chimonyo, M. (2016). Efficacy of Mozambican bentonite and diatomaceous earth in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxins in chicks. World Mycotoxin Journal, 9, 63-72.
7
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8
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of nutritional grouping on productive performance and culling rate and its causes in dairy herd
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single nutritional grouping (TMR1) compared to multinutritional grouping (TMR4) on productive performance and milk composition during a complete lactation period. Four hundred and eighty-four lactating Holstein cows were blocked based on parity (158 first, 134 second, and 192 third lactation or higher) and were randomly assigned one of two TMR1 and TMR4. Cows in 1TMR produced 4.04 kg more milk than those in 4TMR group (P<0.01). Likewise, 4% FCM yield was higher for 1TMR relative to 4TMR (37.46 vs. 33.1 kg, respectively). The content of milk compositions were not affected by experimental treatments (P> 0.05). According to the results of milk production, fat (P<0.01) and protein milk yields (P<0.01) were higher for TMR1 compared to TMR4. Cows in 4TMR were culled 1.58 times compared to those in 1TMR during lactating period. (CI95%= 1.01-2.46; P= 0.04).
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_75604_976cc00ebca9ca32134b9e6e5238d0e7.pdf
2020-02-20
341
350
10.22059/ijas.2020.287871.653732
Multiple TMR
nutritional grouping
production performances
single TMR
Morteza
Salehpour
salehpour@znu.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Amanlou
amanlou@znu.ac.ir
2
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid reza
Mirzaei-Alamouti
alamoutih@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Najmeh
Eslamian Farsouni
eslamian.f.n@znu.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
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