ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between Maternal Breeding Values of Day Old-Chick Weight and Egg Quality and Quantity Traits in a Commercial Broiler Line
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of maternal breeding values of the weight of day-old chick chicks in a commercial broiler line with egg traits including yolk fatty acids. Maternal breeding values of 63 hens of known pedigree were estimated through an animal model, containing direct additive genetic effect, maternal additive genetic effect, maternal common environmental effect and covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects, through DFREML program employing 6476 records of day-old chick weights. Hens were divided into 3 genetic groups (low, LGG; medium, MGG; and high, HGG) on the basis of estimated maternal breeding values. From the hens, 126 eggs (2 eggs from each hen) were collected at 32 weeks of age for an assessment of egg quality and quantity traits (egg weight, shell thickness, shell strength, shell weight, yolk weight, yolk percentage, albumin weight and albumin percentage) as well as yolk fatty acids (palmetic, palmitoleic, estearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids). Analysis of variance was carried out through GLM procedure and differences among the means evaluated using Tukey method. Egg, shell, yolk, and albumin weights as well as albumin percentage were higher (p
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20607_891265bed4d18bebbf62de13997c0d2d.pdf
2009-05-22
Chick weight
egg traits
Line
Maternal breeding value
Yolk fatty acids.
hossein
ghorbani
ghorbani2@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
rasoul
vaez torshizi
rasoult@modares.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
naser
emam jomeh kashan
emamjomeh2@mailinator.com
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Genetic Trend for Production Traits of Holstein Cattle in Iran
Data related to Holstein dairy cattle from 1987 to 2004 were obtained from Animal Breeding Center of Iran to estimate the genetic and phenotypic trends. Variance components and genetic parameters of the first lactation records were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method and AIREML algorithm through MATVEC program. Animal breeding values were predicted through multiple-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability for milk, fat and protein yields were 0.27, 0.22 and 0.25, respectively. Genetic trend was estimated as the linear regression of BLUPs of the breeding values of animals on the birth year. The estimate of genetic trend for milk yield was 33.84±2.10kg, for fat yield 0.64±0.05kg and for protein yield it was 1.00±0.08kg. Average phenotypic trend for milk, fat and protein yields were 122.28, 4.42 and 3.06 kg, respectively. Acceptable genetic improvement for milk yield, while low genetic trends for fat and protein yield were observed in Holstein cattle in Iran.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20608_8ea0b4e6d51ecf3dbb062f0c6938c500.pdf
2009-05-22
Genetic evaluation
genetic trend
Holstein cattle.
Lactation
production traits
mohammad
razm kabir
m.razmkabir2@uok.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
ardeshir
nejati javaremi
ardeshir.nejati@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
mohammad
moradi shahr babak
moradim@ut.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
amir
rashidi
arashidi@uok.ac.ir
4
AUTHOR
mohammad bagher
sayad nejad
sayadnejad2@mailinator.com
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Culling Herd Life from Selection Goal in Iranian Holstein Cows
To test the effect of culling herd life from the breeding goal function, 4 different selection indices were established as: index 1: using Milk production (Milk), Fat percentage of milk (fat%) and Rear Udder Height (Ruh); index 2: using Milk , fat% and Fore teat placement (Ftp), index 3: using Milk, fat% and Fore udder attachment (Fua); and index 4: using Milk, fat%, Ruh, Ftp and Fua) under two different selection goals, one of which included Milk, fat% and herd life while the other one was excluded of herd life. Calculations were made in economic situations of year 1995 and 2000. Response to selection and selection accuracy resulted from the above mentioned indices and under two economic situations revealed that exclusion of herd life would result in a decrease in genetic gain in the breeding goal function except when excluded from index 4 and under 1995 conditions, although by excluding this trait the selection accuracy may even increase.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20609_ae0ff610aa13a1bf25b73dd3806300ee.pdf
2009-05-22
Herd life
Iranian Holstein Cows
Selection goal
selection Index
Selection response.
sahereh
jozi shekalgoorabi
jozi@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
abdol ahad
shadparvar
shad2@guilan.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Cottonseed Hulls and Alfalfa Hay Particle Size on Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows
هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه اثر پوسته پنبه دانه و اندازه قطعات یونجه خشک بر عملکرد گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بود. تعداد 12 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتاین در اواسط دوره شیردهی در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2×2 در قالب یک طرح چرخشی با سه دورة آزمایش، چهار تیمار و سه گاو در هر تیمار تحت آزمایش قرار گرفتند. عامل اول دو اندازه بلند و کوتاه یونجه و عامل دوم دو سطح صفر و 63/9 درصد پوسته پنبه دانه بود. زمان آزمایش 84 روز بود که در 3 دوره 28 روزه انجام گرفت که گاوها در هر دوره یکی از چهار جیره را دریافت کردند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که میزان الیاف مؤثر فیزیکی با کاهش اندازه ذرات یونجه کاهش معنیداری پیدا کرد (05/0>P) ولی جایگزینی پوسته پنبه دانه با یونجه باعث افزایش آن گردید. میانگین هندسی طول ذرات نیز با کاهش اندازه ذرات یونجه کاهش معنیداری یافت (05/0>P) ولی توسط پوسته پنبه دانه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. مصرف ماده خشک، شیرخام تولیدی، تولید شیر تصحیح شده بر اساس 4 درصد چربی، درصد چربی و درصد پروتئین شیر تحت تأثیر کاهش اندازه ذرات یونجه و پوسته پنبه دانه قرار نگرفتند. کل فعالیت جویدن توسط اندازه ذرات علوفه و استفاده از پوسته پنبه دانه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت ولی اندازه ذرات علوفه و پوسته پنبه دانه اثر معنی داری بر فعالیت جویدن به ازای کیلوگرم ماده خشک مصرفی و کیلوگرم دیواره سلولی مصرفی داشتند(05/0>P). با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، پوسته پنبه دانه میتواند به منظور تأمین بخشی از الیاف جیره درمواقع کمبود یا گرانی علوفه، جایگزین یونجه در جیره گردد.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20610_3a31842079ad1339b1945e9ba76c40c0.pdf
2009-05-22
Alfalfa hay particle size
Cottonseed hulls
fiber
Lactating cow.
Physically effective
hossein
abdi benmar
abdibenmar@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
kamran
reza yazdi
rezayazdi@ut.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
ali
nikkhah
nikkhah2@mailinator.com
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Substitution of Soybean Meal with Canola Meal either with or without Exogenous Enzymes: Influence upon the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Plasma Thyroid Hormone Concentrations
Three hundred and sixty broiler chicks (Ross 308) were employed in an experiment from 6 to 49 days of age to evaluate the effect of replacing canola meal for soybean meal either with or without enzyme supplementation. Dietary treatments included 5 substitution levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) at two enzyme concentrations of: 0 and 400 g/ton in a 5×2 factorial layout experiment. The enzyme mixture contained mainly ?-glucanase activity and to some extent xylanase activity. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Body weight gain during 6 to 21d was significantly (P
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20611_79fb53c209c246ed65e276e0be56ca47.pdf
2009-05-22
Broilers
Canola meal
Enzymes.
growth performance
soybean meal
mojtaba
nobakht
nobakht@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
fariborz
khajali
khajali@agr.sku.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
mehrab
faraji nafchi
farajinafchi@mailinator.com
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Protected Fat Supplements on Performance of Early Lactating Holstein Cows
This study was conducted to evaluate production response of early lactating cows to rumen protected fats. Twelve (nine multiparous and three primiparous) Holstein cows (26±4 d in milk) were empolyed in a replicated 3×3 Latin Square Design of 21-d periods. Each period consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Cows received diets containing either one of two types of protected fats or no supplemental fat. Cows in group 1 (control) were fed Total Mixed Ration (TMR) of 20% corn silage, 20% alfalfa hay, and 60% concentrate mix. Cows in group 2 were fed the TMR containing 3% prilled protected fat (Energizer-10). Cows in group 3 were fed the TMR containing 3.5% Ca salt of protected fat (Magnapac). Intake of Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) were decreased by rumen protected fat (P < 0.05) in multiparous cows (DMI: 25.7, 24.1, and 23.9 kg/d for control, prilled fat, and ca salt of fat, respectively); intake of NEL in all the cow population and intake of DM, OM and NDF in primiparous cows were similar for all diets (P > 0.05). Production of milk and 3.5% FCM in primiparous and multiparous cows as well as milk protein, fat, lactose and total solid percentages and yields (kg/d) were not affected by fat supplements (P > 0.05). The BCS and BW changes were similar for all diets in multiparous and primiparous cows (P > 0.05). In multiparous cows, feed efficiency (3.5% FCM/DMI) was higher for cows fed supplemental fat diets (P < 0.05) than for control samples. Fat fed cows were more efficient than those fed with control diet. In primiparous cows supplemental fat did not influence feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Fat supplements did not influence either chewing behavior or total time spent ruminating and eating (P > 0.05). The results indicate that supplementation of early lactating diet with rumen protected fat decreases feed intake and improves milk efficiency but this is not true for primiparous cows.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20612_2936baf37f4b18eed81eaabc6e6b85b1.pdf
2009-05-22
Efficiency
Holstein dairy cow
Magnapac
Milk production and composition.
Rumen protected fat
mehdi
ganj khanloo
ganjkhanlou@ut.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
kamran
reza yazdi
rezayazdi@ut.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
gholam reza
ghorbani
ghorbani@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
hossein
moravej
hmoraveg@ut.ac.ir
4
AUTHOR
mehdi
dehghan banadaki
dehghanb@ut.ac.ir
5
AUTHOR
mohammad reza
emami
emami@mailinator.com
6
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Different Time Artificial Inseminations on Reproductive Performance of Taleshi Ewes
The objective of this study was to determine the best time for artificial insemination in Taleshi ewes. One hundred and fifty ewes were randomly allotted to three groups (n=50/per group). Estrus was synchronized with intravaginal insertion of Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) for 14 days. At the time of CIDR removal PMSG (300IU) was injected to the ewes. The first (AI28), second (AI40) and third (AI52) groups were inseminated (cervically) 28, 40 and 52 hours after CIDR removal, respectively. All ewes showed estrus singns about 24 hours after CIDR withdrawal. The results of insemination efficiency and reproduction performance indicated that in prolificacy and twin bearing traits there did not exist any statistical difference among the groups. Insemination efficiency, lambing rate and fertility made significant differences among the groups (P
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20613_bfeeb13ebe0108ef89b64d83207bc569.pdf
2009-05-22
Artificial insemination
CIDR
Estrus synchronization
PMSG
Taleshi ewes.
masood
didar khah
masooddidarkhah@birjand.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
mehrdad
mohammadi
mohammadi@guilan.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
mokhtar
mehdizadeh
mehdizadeh@mailintor.com
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Genetic, Phenotypic and Environmental Trends of Growth Traits in Kermani Sheep
In this study the data of 2332 lambs from 815 dams and 61 sires, collected during 1993-2004 in Kermani sheep breeding station were used to estimate phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6 months weight (6MW), 9 months weight (9MW) and yearling weight (YW). Heritability estimates were determined for each trait using derivative free REML procedures under univariate animal model. By excluding or including maternal genetic effects or maternal permanent environmental effects, six different models were fitted for each trait. Likelihood ratio test was used to determine the appropriate model. This test indicated that the model including direct and maternal genetic effects, without covariance between them, was the appropriate model for BW. The model including direct genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects was the most appropriate model for WW, 6MW and 9MW. The model including direct genetic effects was the most appropriate model for YW. Phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations were estimated under multivariate analysis using the most appropriate model for each trait. Breeding values were estimated under univarite and multivariate analyses. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends were estimated by regression of the estimated mean of breeding values, phenotypic mean and difference between estimated mean of breeding values and phenotypic mean on birth year, respectively. The average additive direct genetic trends for BW, WW, 6MW, 9MW, YW in univariate and multivariate analyses were 0.53±0.30 and 0.84±1.14, 96.41±18.27 and 101.29±37.41, 88.24±26.11 and 90.51±48.34, 24.35±10.68 and 29.76±11.49 and 31.53±10.43 and 35.18±12.58 gr per year, respectively. The estimates of maternal additive genetic trend for BW in univariate and multivariate analyses were 3.07±1.21 and 2.91±1.67 gr per year, respectively.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20614_67b1bb2644cd42c722882508a2ce2ddf.pdf
2009-05-22
Environmental trends
genetic trend
growth traits
Kermani sheep
Weaning.
morteza
sataii mokhtari
msmokhtari@mail.uk.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
amir
rashidi
arashidi@uok.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
mohammad reza
mohammad abadi
mohammadabadi3@mailinator.com
3
AUTHOR
hossein
moradi shahr babak
hmoradi@mailintor.com
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Feedlot Performance and Carcass Compositions of Ghezel and Mehraban Lambs and Their Reciprocal Crosses
The effect of crossbreeding between Ghezel and Mehraban on growth performance and carcass characteristics was studied for two consecutive years using 162 purebred and crossbred lambs. The four groups of lambs involved in the study were purebred Mehraban (MM), purebred Ghezel (GG), crossbred Ghezel ram×Mehraban ewe (GM) and crossbred Mehraban ram×Ghezel ewe (MG). The lambs were fed with grazing of cereal (wheat and barely) pasture, alfalfa as well as with concentrate for 84 days. The results indicated that crossbreeding had significant (p
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20615_28e0a02aa76928e2b73de8fa48989b32.pdf
2009-05-22
Carcass.
Crossbreeding
Ghezel
Growth
Mehraban sheep
jamshid
izadi far
izadifar@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
mohammad
dadpasand
dadpasand@shirazu.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Prepartum Dietary Carbohydrate Source on Feed Intake, Energy Balance, Rumen Fermentation, and Milk Yield and Components of Holstein Cows
Sixty eight Holstein cows, 38 primiparous and 30 multiparous ones, were employed in a randomized complete block design, blocked to evaluate the effects of 2 diets in various ruminal fermentable carbohydrate sources (Ground Corn vs Rolled Wheat) on rumen fermentation and performance during preparturient period. Primiparous and multiparous cows were blocked by parity. The cows were fed diets as total mixed ration with similar energy and crude protein content including 1) 18.57% GC; 2) 18.57% RW from -23.1 ± 9 d relative to expected calving until calving. Followeing calving, all the animals received the same lactation diet for 28 days. The results revealed that, dry matter intake, energy intake, energy balance, and body condition score did not differ between multiparous cows fed either the ground corn or rolled wheat diet at preparturient period. Dry matter intake, energy intake, and energy balance were lower for primiparous cows fed the rolled wheat diet at prepartum period (p
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20616_b65b401d123e44a7b79f3eded5b1bbd4.pdf
2009-05-22
Corn grain
Holstein Cows.
Production and Composition of Milk
Transition period
wheat grain
hamid reza
mirzaii alamooti
alamoti@yahoo.com
1
AUTHOR
kamran
rezayazdi
rezayazdi@ut.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
hamid
amanloo
amanlou@znu.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
armin
tohidi
tohidi@mailinator.com
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Dried Pistachio By-product on Ruminal Parameters and the Performance of Rayini Goats
The effects of replacement of alfalfa hay with pistachio by-product (PB) at 0, 25, 50, and 75% (DM basis) on the ruminal parameters, Dry Matter Intake (DMI) of female Rayini goats, after kidding, and on the Live Weight Gain (LWG) of their kids were investigated. Five single-bearing female Rayini goats each with a single kid were employed in each level of replacement. The basal diet contained barley and alfalfa hay, the Metabolizable Energies (ME) of which were respectively 9.9 and 13.4 MJ/Kg of OM, and CP of 146 and 114 g/Kg of DM. Diets were offered to animals for ninety days. Throughout the study, DMI of female Rayini goats was measured on a daily basis, while LWG of kids assessed fortnightly. Conventional chemical composition, phenolics and their capacity to precipitate protein (PPP), In Vitro Gas Production for 24 h (IVGP), estimated Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and ME of the experimental diets were determined on a regular basis. Data were analyzed using the completely randomized design. As the level of PB increased in the diets, water soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin(sa) were significantly (P
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20617_2a38a1808c450c3c205e8a362e8feb89.pdf
2009-05-22
dry matter intake
Live weight gain
pistachio by-product
Rayini goats
single-bearing.
a'azam
mir heidari
mirheidari@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
yousef
rouzbehan
rouzbeh_y@modares.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
hassan
fazaeli
hfazaeli@gmail.com
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Substitution of Corn with Different Levels of Wheat along with Supplemental Phytase and Different Levels of Available Phosphorus on Layer Hens Performance
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of corn replacement by different levels of wheat with supplementation of phytase with reduced phosphorus level for laying hens. Two hundred seventy nine layer hens (the strains of Hy-line W36) at the 53th week of age, selected based on the same egg production percentage and body weight, assigned in a factorial arrangement with completely randomized design of 30 treatments each in 3 replicates. The factors included 5 levels of replacements (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% replacement of corn by wheat), phytase enzyme in three levels (0, 500, 1000 ftu/kg) and two levels of non phytate phosphorus (0.70% and 0.55% requirement) along with one corn soybean meal control diet. The experiment was carried out at 3 periods, each of 28 days. Egg production percentage, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, shell percentage, shell strength, shell thickness and toe ash were assessed. The results indicated that the effects of substitution wheat on egg production, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), shell strength, shell thickness and toe ash were significant (P
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_20618_fb2d6a2c1702465207116c6ee6af3d64.pdf
2009-05-22
Available phosphorus
Laying Hen.
Phytase
Substitution
Wheat
leyla
zartash
zartash@mailinator.com
1
AUTHOR
ahmad
zare shahneh
azareh@ut.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
abolfazl
zali
a.zali@ut.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
rooh-o-lah
gaykani
gaykani@mailinator.com
4
AUTHOR
javad
poor reza
poorreza@mailinator.com
5
AUTHOR