ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تأثیر ساختار فیزیکی خوراک و تراکم، بر عملکرد و برخی فراسنجههای رفتاری با استفاده از پردازش تصویر در جوجههای گوشتی
این آزمایش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر ساختار فیزیکی خوراک و تراکم بر عملکرد و برخی فراسنجههای رفتاری جوجههای گوشتی با استفاده از 208 جوجه یکروزه سویه راس 308 به مدت 42 روز انجام شد. گروههای آزمایشی شامل دو ساختار فیزیکی خوراک (پلت و آردی) و دو سطح از تراکم (10 و16 قطعه پرنده در هر مترمربع) بودند که در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 2×2 در چهار تکرار انجام شد. عملکرد به صورت هفتگی وخصوصیات لاشه در 42 روزگی اندازهگیری شد. جهت بررسی رفتار پرندگان، و پوشش تمام واحدهای آزمایشی از 8 دوربین فیلمبرداری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد در کل دوره پرورش، مصرف خوراک، اضافه وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در پرندگان تغذیه شده از جیره پلت بهطور معنیداری نسبت به خوراک آردی بهبود یافت (05/0>P). درصد چربی حفره بطنی، در پرندگان مصرفکننده خوراک آردی در تراکم بالا، افزایش یافت (05/0>P). شاخص فعالیت در پرندگان تغذیهشده با خوراک آردی در تراکم بالا در نوبت صبح هفته سوم افزایش یافت (05/0>P). نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در شرایط پرورش متراکم، تغییر ساختار فیزیکی خوراک نمیتواند فراسنجههای عملکردی و رفتاری را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، اگرچه جیره پلتشده باعث بهبود فراسنجههای عملکردی و تراکم بالا، سبب افزایش میانگین تجمع اطراف دانخوری در مقایسه با تراکم طبیعی در پرندگان شد.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_84913_cfc8d9dff663950505d847968ab50bed.pdf
2021-11-22
141
152
10.22059/ijas.2021.318838.653814
پلت
خصوصیات لاشه
شاخص فعالیت
ضریب تبدیل خوراک
مصرف خوراک
فرشید
جمالپور
farshidjamalpor@yahoo.com
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی
AUTHOR
سمیه
سالاری
somayehsallary@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی
LEAD_AUTHOR
سامان
آبادانان مهدی زاده
saman.abdanan@gmail.com
3
استادیار، گروه مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی
AUTHOR
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر جایگزینی کنجاله سویای حلالی با کنجاله سویای اکسترود بر عملکرد و وضعیت متابولیکی گاوهای تازهزای هلشتاین
هدف از اجرای این پژوهش مقایسه کنجاله سویای حلالی با کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده در دمای 135 درجه سانتیگراد بر روی عملکرد و وضعیت متابولیکی گاوهای تازهزای هلشتاین بود. 24 راس گاو هلشتاین (وزن بدن ± SD؛ 33/28 ± 45/614) به طور تصادفی به دو جیره از روز زایش تا 21 روز پس از زایش اختصاص یافتند: 1- شاهد (حاوی کنجاله سویای حلالی؛ SSBM) و 2- آزمایشی (حاوی کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده؛ ESBM). گاوها به طور انفرادی نگهداری و با جیرههای کاملاً مخلوط تغذیه شدند و خوراک مصرفی و بقایا به طور روزانه ثبت شدند. تولید شیر هر گاو به طور روزانه ثبت شد و نمونهگیری از شیر به طور هفتگی جهت تعیین ترکیبات شیر انجام شد. وزن بدن و امتیاز وضعیت بدنی گاوها بلافاصله پس از زایش و 21 روز پس از زایش تعیین شدند. ماده خشک مصرفی در گاوهای ESBM در مقایسه با گاوهای SSBM بالاتر بود (01/0 ˂ P). گاوهای تغذیهشده با ESBM، 71/3 کیلوگرم در روز شیر بیشتری نسبت به گاوهای SSBM تولید کردند (05/0P<). درصد چربی شیر در گاوهای ESBM کمتر از گاوهای SSBM بود (05/0P<). گاوهای ESBM غلظت گلوکز خون کمتر (01/0P<) و کلسترول خون بیشتری (01/0 ˂ P) نسبت به گاوهای SSBM داشتند. میانگین دمای راست رودهای، تغییرات امتیاز وضعیت بدنی و وزن بدن و بازده خوراک بین تیمارها متفاوت نبود (1/0P>). در کل، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که جایگزین کردن کنجاله سویای حلالی با کنجاله سویای اکسترود، DMI و تولید شیر را در گاوهای تازهزا افزایش داد.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_84914_9533bd7d0563f0b486161a87423df484.pdf
2021-11-22
153
162
10.22059/ijas.2021.320545.653817
تولید شیر
کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده
گاو تازهزا
ماده خشک مصرفی
مصطفی
شامی
shami@znu.ac.ir
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
AUTHOR
حمید
امانلو
amanlou@znu.ac.ir
2
استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
AUTHOR
طاهره
امیرآبادی فراهانی
amirabadi_t@yahoo.com
3
استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
نجمه
اسلامیان فارسونی
n.e.farsuni@gmail.com
4
استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
AUTHOR
Amanlou, H., Farahani, T.A. & Farsuni, N.E. (2017). Effects of rumen undegradable protein supplementation on productive performance and indicators of protein and energy metabolism in Holstein fresh cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(5), 3628-3640.
1
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2
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Isenberg, B. J., Hristov, A. N., Kniffen, D. M., Lee, C., Heyler, K. S., Cassidy, T. W. & Fabin, R. A. (2012). Effect of temperature during drying and mechanical extrusion on soybean meal protein in situ degradability and in vitro digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(Suppl. 2):216.
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Komaragiri, M.V. & Erdman, R.A. (1997). Factors affecting body tissue mobilization in early lactation dairy cows. 1. Effect of dietary protein on mobilization of body fat and protein. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(5), 929-937.
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Larsen, M., Lapierre, H. & Kristensen, N.B. (2014). Abomasal protein infusion in postpartum transition dairy cows: Effect on performance and mammary metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(9), 5608-5622.
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Mathew, B., Eastridge, M. L., Oelker, E. R., Firkins, J. L. & Karnati, S. K. R. (2011). Interactions of monensin with dietary fat and carbohydrate components on ruminal fermentation and production responses by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(1), 396-409.
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Reynal, S. M. & Broderick, G. A. (2003). Effects of feeding dairy cows protein supplements of varying ruminal degradability. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(3), 835-843.
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Ruegsegger, G. J. & Schultz, L. H. (1985). Response of high producing dairy cows in early lactation to the feeding of heat-treated whole soybeans. Journal of Dairy Science, 68(12), 3272-3279.
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Schwab, C. & G. Foster. (2009). Maximizing milk components and metabolizable protein utilization through amino acid formulation. In Proceedings Cornell Nutrition Conference, 14-19 Oct, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, pp: 1-15.
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Schwab, C. G. & Broderick, G. A. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10094-10112.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
آثار استفاده از پلیاتیلنگلیکول و بیکربناتسدیم بر بهبود ارزش تغذیهای جیرههای حاوی تانن در جوجههای گوشتی
با هدف بررسی تأثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف میوه بلوط (صفر یا 20 درصد جیره) و افزودنی خوراکی کاهشدهنده سطح تانن (بدون افزودنی، 10 گرم پلیاتیلنگلیکول در کیلوگرم جیره و 25/0 درصد بیکربناتسدیم در جیره) بر عملکرد، تغییرات بافتی کلیه و کبد جوجههای گوشتی، تعداد 480 قطعه جوجه سویه راس 308 (میانگین وزن 41 گرم و نسبت مساوی نر و ماده) بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3×2 بین 6 تیمار آزمایشی (هر تیمار با 4 تکرار 20 قطعهای) توزیع و به مدت 42 روز پرورش یافتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد میوه بلوط بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک کل دوره آزمایش، اثر معنیداری نداشت اما افزایش وزن بدن کل دوره را به طور معنیداری کاهش داد. همچنین، بیکربناتسدیم مقدار افزایش وزن بدن کل را در مقایسه با جیره بدون افزودنی، بهبود داد. تغذیه با میوه بلوط وزن نسبی سنگدان، ایلئوم و روده کور را در 24 روزگی و وزن نسبی دوازدهه و روده کور را در 42 روزگی افزایش داد. در 24 روزگی، تورم سلولی شدیدتری در بافت کبد جوجههای تغذیهشده با میوه بلوط مشاهده شد و در 42 روزگی، تعداد واکوئل چربی در کبد این جوجهها، کمتر بود. تغذیه با میوه بلوط، قطر جسمک کلیوی را افزایش داد. به طور کلی، کاربرد 20 درصد میوه بلوط در جیره، بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک، بافت کبد و کلیه جوجههای گوشتی، اثر معنیداری نداشت اما بهدلیل کاهش معنیدار افزایش وزن کل دوره و شاخص کارآیی تولید، این میزان توصیه نمیشود. کاربرد افزودنیها از این کاهش جلوگیری نکرد.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_85059_40de223f0c18a4df0054bf2ecec95e6d.pdf
2021-11-22
163
175
10.22059/ijas.2021.320859.653818
بیکربناتسدیم
پلیاتیلنگلیکول
تانن
جوجه گوشتی
میوه بلوط
فرزانه
محمدی
farzaneh.mohammadi5760@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
AUTHOR
محمد
هوشمند
hooshmand@yu.ac.ir
2
دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
LEAD_AUTHOR
رضا
نقی ها
naghiha@yu.ac.ir
3
دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
AUTHOR
شیما
حسینی فر
sh.hosseinifar@scu.ac.ir
4
گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
AUTHOR
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Ghassemi, F., Momenzade, M., Nagafian, M. & Kargqr Jahromy, H. (2014). The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Oak fruit husks on liver in Rat (Wistar). Pars Journal of Medical Sciences, 12 (3), 1-7 (In Farsi).
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21
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22
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25
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26
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27
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30
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32
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی آثار تغذیهای لسیتین سویا و ویتامین E بر شاخصهای کیفی اسپرم در خروسهای اجداد هوبارد
با بهکارگیری 36 قطعه خروس اجداد هوبارد در سن 45 هفتگی، آزمایشی با هدف بررسی اثر ویتامین E و لسیتین سویا در خوراک، بر برخی فراسنجههای کیفی و کمی اسپرم طراحی شد. آزمایش در طی 60 روز و با چیدمان فاکتوریل (2×2) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو سطح لسیتین (صفر و یک درصد در هر کیلوگرم خوراک) و دو سطح ویتامین E (صفر و 300 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم خوراک) انجام گرفت. اسپرمگیری در روزهای صفر، 20، 40 و 60 آزمایش انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین غلظت و بیشترین جنبایی کل در اسپرم خروسهایی مشاهده شد که جیره حاوی ویتامین E + لسیتین سویا دریافت کرده بودند (05/0P<). حجم اسپرم و صفات وابسته به جنبایی نیز تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. همچنین با اینکه تیمارهای آزمایشی اثری بر درصد مورفولوژی غیرنرمال، و درصد اسپرم با DNA آسیبدیده نداشت، اما یکپارچگی غشای پلاسمایی، و زندهمانی اسپرم تحت تأثیر تیمار حاوی لسیتین سویا + ویتامین E افزایش معنیداری یافت. کمترین میزان مالوندیآلدئید در منی خروسهایی یافت شد که همزمان لسیتین سویا و ویتامین E دریافت کرده بودند (05/0P<). بررسی اثر متقابل زمان× جیره در خصوص صفات جنبایی کل و پیشرونده، غلظت اسپرم، زندهمانی، یکپارچگی غشا و میزان مالوندیآلدئید نشان داد که این صفات در روزهای پایانی آزمایش، متأثر از تیمار حاوی ویتامین E + لسیتین سویا بهبود یافتند (05/0P<). بنظر میرسد بهکارگیری همزمان ویتامین E و لسیتین سویا در جیره خروسهای مسن، منجر به بهبود وضعیت کیفی اسپرم شود.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_85060_5bab20fa1779797c1c5463476a9fabff.pdf
2021-11-22
177
188
10.22059/ijas.2021.324395.653830
اسپرم
خروس
لسیتین سویا
ویتامین E
شهرام
شعبانی
ss.hubbardiran@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
مرتضی
مهری
mortezamehri@gmail.com
2
استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
فاطمه
شیرمحمد
shirmohammad.f@gmail.com
3
استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
محسن
شرفی
m.sharafi@modares.ac.ir
4
استادیار، گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
Adabi, S., Cooper, R., Kamali, M. & Hajbabaei, A. (2011). The influence of inclusions of vitamin E and corn oil on semen traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Animal Reproduction Science, 123(1-2), 119-125.
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2
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3
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Ayinde, O.C., Ogunnowo, S. & Ogedegbe, R.A. (2012). Influence of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on testicular zinc content and testicular toxicity in lead exposed albino rats. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 13(2), 1-8.
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Behnamifar, A., Rahimi, S.H., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Sharafi, M. & Grimes, J.L. (2020). Effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on the seminal parameters and fertility potential in aging broiler breeder roosters, Poultry Science, 100(2), 1221-1238.
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Cerolini, S., Zaniboni, L., Maldjian, A. & Gliozzi, T. (2006). Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and a-tocopherol enrichment in chicken sperm on semen quality, sperm lipid composition and susceptibility to peroxidation. Theriogenology, 66, 877-886.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر تزریق سطوح مختلف سلنیوم و ویتامین E بر متابولیسم هورمونهای تیروئیدی، فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون در اواخر آبستنی گاوهای هلشتاین و عملکرد گوسالههای آنها
بهمنظور مقایسه تأثیر تزریق سطوح مختلف سلنیوم و ویتامین E در اواخر آبستنی بر متابولیسم هورمونهای تیروئیدی، فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون گاوهای هلشتاین و عملکرد گوسالهها آنها پس از تولد 28 رأس گاو آبستن نژاد هلشتاین در 8 هفته قبل از زایمان انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در 4 تیمار و 7 تکرار قرارداده شدند. سپس چهار و دو هفته قبل از زمان مورد انتظار برای زایمان، به گاوها سلنیوم و ویتامین E تزریق شد. تیمارها شامل شاهد، تزریق 15، 30 و 45 میلیلیتر مکمل سلنیوم و ویتامینE بودند. هر میلیلیتر مکمل حاوی 5/0 میلیگرم سلنیوم به صورت نمک سلنیت سدیم و 50 واحد بین المللی ویتاامین E به صورت دی ال آلفا توکوفریل استات بود. گاوها از نظر سن، وزن و زمان زایمان متعادل بودند. نتایج نشان داد، تزریق سلنیوم و ویتامین E به گاوهای آبستن، بر عملکرد وزنی گوسالههای متولد شدهی آنها تأثیر گذار میباشد بهطوریکه افزایش وزن روزانه و وزن گوسالهها در روزهای 30 )0456/0 (P=و 45 )0306/0 (P=روزگی در گروههای دریافتکنندهی سلنیوم و ویتامین E نسبت به گروه شاهد افزایش یافت. دریافت سلنیوم و ویتامین E باعث مقاومت گاوهای آبستن در برابر کاهش گلوگز و تریگلیسیرید خون در زمان بعد از زایش میشود. یک هفته بعد زایمان غلظت گلوگز (0480/0 (P= و تریگلیسیرید (0241/0 (P= خون در گاوهای تزریق شده نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. همچنین یک هفته قبل و بعد از زایمان، با افزایش دز تزریق سلنیوم و ویتامین E، میزان فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و غلظت هورمونهای تترایدوتیرونین و ترییدوتیرونین نیز افزایش یافت )05/0(P<. بهطور کلی با توجه به نتایج حاضر، تزریق سلنیوم و ویتامین E به میزان حداقل 30 میلیلیتر در اواخر آبستنی گاوهای هلشتاین قابل توصیه میباشد.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_85061_31b184162338c810831a336185ec2a36.pdf
2021-11-22
189
201
10.22059/ijas.2021.325212.653832
سلنیوم و ویتامین E
فراسنجههای خون
گاوهای آبستن
هورمونهای تیروئیدی
محمد
اسدی
masadis1994@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
تقی
قورچی
ghoorchit@yahoo.com
2
استاد، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
LEAD_AUTHOR
عبدالحکیم
توغدری
toghdory@yahoo.com
3
استادیار، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
حسین
حسینی سابقی
shhsabeghi@yahoo.com
4
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر پودر پر آبکافت قلیایی و خیساب ذرت خشک بر عملکرد، هزینه خوراک و شاخصهای آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی
این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی پتانسیل تغذیهای خیساب خشک ذرت و پودر پر فرآوریشده با هیدروکسید سدیم بهعنوان جایگزینهای منابع پروتئینی متداول در تغذیه جوجههای گوشتی از سن 11 تا 42 روزگی انجام شد. تعداد 720 قطعه جوجه یک روزه (راس 308) مخلوط دو جنس (نسبت برابر) بهصورت تصادفی بین شش گروه آزمایشی در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شدند. شش جیره یکسان به لحاظ مواد مغذی فرموله شدند که به ترتیب حاوی سطوح مختلف صفر، 4، 5/5، 7، 5/8 و 10 درصد خیساب خشک ذرت و صفر، 29/3، 47/2، 65/1 و 82/0 درصد پودر پر فرآوریشده با هیدروکسید سدیم بودند. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از پودر خیساب ذرت و پودر پر فرآوریشده در جیره جوجههای گوشتی، خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را تحت تأثیر قرار ندادند. بالاترین میانگین هزینه خوراک به ازای هر کیلوگرم افزایش وزن بدن در دورههای پایانی (42-25 روزگی) و کل دوره آزمایشی (42-11 روزگی) مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود (05/0>P). تغذیه از سطوح مختلف پودر پر در جیره به نحو موثری مالوندیآلدئید پلاسما بهعنوان یک شاخص اکسیداسیون لیپید را بهبود داد. با توجه به نتایج میتوان اظهار داشت که جایگزین کردن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با پودر پر و خیساب خشکشده ذرت بدون هیچ اثر منفی بر عملکرد میتواند موفقیتآمیز باشد و نیز باعث کاهش هزینههای تولید گردد. با درنظر گرفتن نتایج عملکرد رشد، هزینه تغذیه و شاخصهای آنتیاکسیدانی استفاده از 5/8 درصد خیساب ذرت به همراه 82/0 پودرپر فرآوری شده با قلیا در جیره جوجههای گوشتی توصیه میشود.
https://ijas.ut.ac.ir/article_85199_dac3d4579dcc8c7c17a9cac21cdc9339.pdf
2021-11-22
203
215
10.22059/ijas.2021.312300.653807
اکسیداسیون چربی
پودر پر فرآوریشده با قلیا
جوجه گوشتی
خیساب ذرت خشکشده
شاخصهای آنتیاکسیدانی گوشت و پلاسما
عملکرد
امیرحسین
اتابک
amir.h.atabak@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه پرورش و مدیریت طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد امیر
کریمی ترشیزی
karimitm@modares.ac.ir
2
دانشیار، گروه پرورش و مدیریت طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
شعبان
رحیمی
rahimi_s80@yahoo.com
3
استاد، گروه پرورش و مدیریت طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
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