Animal Nutrition and poultry
omid nouri; Mojtaba Zaghari; hosna hajati
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of inorganic selenium replacement with organic selenium from Spirulina algae on performance and breast meat quality of broilers, a total of 160 one-day-old broilers were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments, eight replicates and five birds per ...
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In order to investigate the effect of inorganic selenium replacement with organic selenium from Spirulina algae on performance and breast meat quality of broilers, a total of 160 one-day-old broilers were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments, eight replicates and five birds per each replicate. The sources of selenium used included sodium selenite and organic selenium from Spirulina algae which were replaced at two levels of 50 and 100 percent. The organic selenium was produced by the culture of Spirulina algae and its enrichment with selenium. The selenium content of different treatments was measured by ICP-Mass method. In this experiment, the feed intake and body weight gain parameters were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 42 day of age, one bird was slaughtered from each replicate and the weight of carcass ready to cook was measured. The breast meat was sampled for measurement of pH and selenium storage. The results showed that it was not observed any significant difference in performance traits and ready to cook carcass percentage among different treatments. There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH at 0 and 24 hours after slaughtering. The amount of selenium deposited in breast muscle of birds fed organic selenium had significant increase when compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Generally, the results of this study showed that 100% replacement of sodium selenite with organic selenium from Spirulina algae led to increase in breast muscle selenium deposition without reduction in bird performance.
Soudabeh Moradi; Arash Moradi; Vahid Atabaigi; Reza Abdollahi
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size and different insoluble fiber sources on performance and carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 660 male broilers were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size and different insoluble fiber sources on performance and carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 660 male broilers were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and five replicates per treatment. The factors of interest were two corn particle sizes (2 and 6 mm) and three insoluble fiber sources (lignocellulose, rice hull, RH and sunflower hull, SFH). The main effect of fiber source was significant for the body weight gain (P<0.01) and feed conversion ratio, with SFH inclusion improved BWG (P<0.01) and FCR (P<0.01) compared to OH and lignocellulose. The supplementation of lignocellulose (P<0.05) and fine particles (P<0.01) resulted in higher carcass weight compared to other fiber sources and coarse particles, respectively. Feeding lignocellulose increased (P<0.01) the weight of the small intestine than the other two fiber sources. The Experimental treatments had no significant effect on the relative length of small intestinal segments. Coarse grinding of corn and SFH inclusion reduced gizzard pH when compared to fine grinding and lignocellulose inclusion, respectively (P<0.05). The Gizzard weight of birds fed a diet containing lignocellulose and SFH was significantly higher (P<0.01) those fed RH. Generally, the dietary inclusion of 3% SFH improves growth performance through improved weight and reduced pH of gizzard and can be practically used in the broiler industry.
Mohammad Davodifar; Mansour Rezaei; Nohammad Hashemi
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the effects of canola meal fermentation on its nutritional characteristics and broiler chickens growth performance using Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. In this experiment, 280 male Ross day-old chicks were randomly assigned to ...
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This study intended to investigate the effects of canola meal fermentation on its nutritional characteristics and broiler chickens growth performance using Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. In this experiment, 280 male Ross day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 7 experimental treatments with 4 replicates containing 10 chicks each. Treatments included control diet, canola meal and fermented canola meal at 3 levels (5, 10 and 15%) each. Results indicated that fermentation of canola meal reduced the amount of glucosinolates and amino acids methionine and cysteine by 50%, while its sulfur content increased about 50% and protein content of fermented canola meal increased by 2.2%. At the level of 15%, processed and unprocessed canola meal had no effect on growth performance, weight of carcass parts, tibia mineralization and nutrient digestibility in grower, finisher and whole period .It is concluded that fermented canola meal increased TSH and ACTH levels. Also intestinal viscosity increased with consumption of both types of meal (P <0.05) but had no effect on jejunal morphology and ileum pH. canola meal meal (processed or unprocessed) can be used up to 15% in broiler diets without any adverse effect. However fermentation process reduces the glucoseinolate level significantly.
Moloud Parsafar; Maziar Mohiti Asli; Mohsen Farzaneh
Abstract
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of aluminum silicate (AS), humic acid (HA), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (SC), herbal powder (HP) and a commercial toxin binder to alleviate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler diet. In this experiment we used 320 day old ...
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The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of aluminum silicate (AS), humic acid (HA), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (SC), herbal powder (HP) and a commercial toxin binder to alleviate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler diet. In this experiment we used 320 day old chicks in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications, and 10 birds in each replicate, from 7 to 28 days of age. Experimental treatments were: 1) negative control (NC; without AFB1), 2) positive control (PC; contaminated by 0.3 mg AFB1 / kg diet), 3) PC + AS, 4) PC + AS + HA, 5) PC + AS + SC, 6) PC + AS + HA + SC, 7) PC + Magnotox as a commercial binder and 8) PC + HP. Feeding AFB1 contaminated diet reduced broiler performance, increased relative weights of liver, heart, pancreas and reduced serum albumin, total protein and glucose concentrations (P <0.05). Inclusion of AS in PC diet individually improved the negative effects of AFB1. However, supplementation of SC boosted AS effects, HA supplementation was rarely effective. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of AS + SC has the highest adsorbing ability of AFB1.
Majid mottaghitalab; Minoo Mirzavandi Chegeni; Seyed Hossein Hhosseini moghadam; Mostafa Golshekan
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of different sources of manganese on performance and tibia characteristics of broilers, a total of 480 fertile eggs from ROSS 308 were assigned to 6 treatments, 4 replicates of 20 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The experimental ...
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In order to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of different sources of manganese on performance and tibia characteristics of broilers, a total of 480 fertile eggs from ROSS 308 were assigned to 6 treatments, 4 replicates of 20 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included non-injected (negative control, NC), injection of1 ml serum physiology(positive control, PC), 1 ml of manganese sulfate (MnS), 1 ml of manganese- methionine (MnM), 1 ml of nano manganese (NMn) and 1 ml of nano manganese methionine (NMnM). The results showed that the in ovo injection of different sources of manganese lead to improvement in broilers growth. The highest and lowest body weight gain in entire production period were recorded for NMn and PC group, respectively (P<0.05). NMn and NMnM groups showed the best feed conversion ratio in whole experimental period (P<0.05). The tibia length at 21 day of age was significantly higher in treatment containing MnS and fresh and dry weights of tibia at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly increased with NMn (P<0.05). The tibia breaking strength at 21 and 42 days of age was significantly increased in treatments containing NMnM and NMn (P<0.05). The tibia volume, density and ash percentage were not affected by experimental treatments on 21 and 42 days of age (P>0.05). According to these results, it seems that the in ovo injection of manganese nanoparticles as a feed additive has positive effects on performance and tibia characteristics of broilers.
Hadis Mirzaei; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Somayeh Salari; Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of fennel essential oil nanoemulsion (FEON) on energy and protein efficiency ratio, litter and excreta quality and welfare related parameters of broiler chickens reared under heat stress. A total of 200 day-old Ross 308 ...
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The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of fennel essential oil nanoemulsion (FEON) on energy and protein efficiency ratio, litter and excreta quality and welfare related parameters of broiler chickens reared under heat stress. A total of 200 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental treatments were control (basal diet with no additive), basal diet and 200 mg/kg fennel essential oil (FEO) and basal diet with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of FEON. The results of this experiment showed that trans-anethole, fenchone and limonene with the values of 81.49, 7.16 and 4.98 percent, respectively were the main compounds of fennel essential oil. The protein and energy efficiency ratios were not affected by different experimental treatments. The excreta pH of chicks fed diet containing 200 mg/kg FEON was significantly (P≤0.05) less than those of fed diets containing 50 and 100 mg/kg of FEON and the control group. The litter moisture was decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by supplementation of diet with 50 mg/kg FEON when compared with control group. The hock burn and abdominal plumage scores were decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in chicks fed diet containing 50 mg/kg FEON when compared with other groups. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that the utilization of FEON in heat stress condition can improve broiler welfare related parameters via decreasing the litter moisture.
Mahdi Hedayati; Milad Manafi; Shadi Almasi; Rouhollah Karimi
Abstract
The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of methanolic and aqueous extraction of Yaghooti grape and Yaghooti grape pulp (V. venifera) compared to a commercial antioxidants (BHT) on Performance, Immunity Responses, serum antioxidant activity and cecum bacterial population of Broilers. ...
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The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of methanolic and aqueous extraction of Yaghooti grape and Yaghooti grape pulp (V. venifera) compared to a commercial antioxidants (BHT) on Performance, Immunity Responses, serum antioxidant activity and cecum bacterial population of Broilers. One hundred and fifty day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments, 3 replicated in each treatment and 10 chicks per each replicate in a completely randomized design for 42 days. The experimental treatments consisted of: control (basal diet without additive); basal diet with 150 ppm grape methanolic extract; basal diet with 3% grape pulp; basal diet with 3% grapes aqueous extract and basal diet with 200 ppm BHT as commercial antioxidants. The results showed that use of 150ppm grape methanolic extract had a significant effect on immune response against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses compared to the control group. The use of aqueous extracts, pulp and methanolic extract led to a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group. Also, use of grape methanolic extract reduced the lipid peroxidation of membranes significantly. The use of 150 ppm grape methanolic extract significantly reduced the Salmonella, Escherichia coli and coliforms in cecum of broiler chicks. It can be concluded that pulp, Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Yaghooti grape could be considered as a suitable substitute for BHT commercial antioxidant.
Farideh Abdolalizadeh Alvanegh; Marziyeh Ebrahimi; Hossein Daghigh Kia
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios of L- arginine to L- lysine on body growth, muscle production and blood metabolites concentration of day old Ross broilers chicks. A total of 210 fertile Ross 308 broiler breeder eggs were used in a completely ...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios of L- arginine to L- lysine on body growth, muscle production and blood metabolites concentration of day old Ross broilers chicks. A total of 210 fertile Ross 308 broiler breeder eggs were used in a completely randomized design with seven experimental groups of 30 individual eggs in each treatment. The experimental treatments included: sham-control (sterile distilled water injected), control (non-injected), and injection of solutions with 75.7, 80.7, 85.7, 90.7 and 95.7 percent L-arginine to L-lysine ratios. On hatching, the chicks were weighed and their blood samples were collected. Then, chicks were euthanized and their carcass traits were weighed. According to the results of this study, the maximum hatchability percentage was observed in 90.7 percent of L- arginine to L- lysine ratio. The results also showed that the in ovo injection of different L- arginine to L- lysine ratio up to 90.7 percent resulted in significant increase in chick weight (P< 0.01), relative weight of scalped carcass (P< 0.01), carcass efficiency (P<0.01), thigh relative weight (P< 0.05), breast muscle relative weight (P< 0.01) and relative weight of liver (P< 0.05), whereas blood plasma urea concentration was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased. In overall, results indicated that in ovo injection of 90.7% L-arginine to L-lysine ratio is an advisable ratio for improving muscle growth, blood serum metabolite concentrations, and hatchability percentage of broilers.
Fatemeh Nedaei; Mohammad Houshmand; Siamak Parsaei; Mehrdad Meamar
Abstract
The effects of replacing 0, 15 and 20 of corn by percent oak acorn (OA), in diets contacting recommended and twice recommended level of methionine by NRC (1994) on performance of broilers were investigated. 528 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on completely ...
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The effects of replacing 0, 15 and 20 of corn by percent oak acorn (OA), in diets contacting recommended and twice recommended level of methionine by NRC (1994) on performance of broilers were investigated. 528 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replicates of 22 chicks were used. Chicks fed with diets containing 15 and 20 percent OA had lower body weight gain and higher feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with diet without OA, in all experimental periods (P<0.05). The increasing dietary methionine level as Twice as NRC (1994) recommendation reduced feed intake and body weight gain in finisher and overall experimental periods significantly (P<0.05). No significant interaction was observed between dietary OA utilization and methionine for performance parameters. The 20 percent dietary OA utilization had undesirable effect on some tibia characteristics (P<0.05). Generally, the substitution of 15 and 20 percent of dietary corn with OA resulted in reduction in broilers performance and increasing the dietary level of methionine could not prevent this situation.
Mirhassan Beiranvand; Heshmatollah Khosravinia; Arash Azarfar; Ezatolla Rafiei Alavai
Abstract
This research was conducted to examine the effect of addition 400, 200 and 200 mg/kg carvacrol, menthol and thymol, respectively, to a non- supplemented control diet on carcass fat deposition and distribution pattern in broilers. 96 female Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in 4 treatments and 12 replicates ...
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This research was conducted to examine the effect of addition 400, 200 and 200 mg/kg carvacrol, menthol and thymol, respectively, to a non- supplemented control diet on carcass fat deposition and distribution pattern in broilers. 96 female Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in 4 treatments and 12 replicates of two birds in each from 14 to 42 days of age. Ileal fat digestibility was decreased by 8.02, 5.06 and 15.08 percent in the birds receiving carvacrol-, menthol- and thymol-supplemented diets, respectively (P<0.01). The meanof carcass fat and feather fat percentage was reduced in the birds fed diets containing carvacrol by 6.08 and 31.57 percent, respectively, in comparison to control (P<0.05). The addition of carvacrol to diet resulted in 6.86 (P>0.05), 6.95 (P>0.05), 38.01 and 10.50 (P<0.05) percent reduction in abdominal, neck, subcutaneous and thigh intramuscular fat deposits, respectively. The back fat thickness of chicks receiving diets containing carvacrol, thymol and menthol was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of control group. The blood serum concentration and ratio of estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, cortisol and progesterone of chicks fed diets containing carvacrol, thymol and menthol had no significant difference with control (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, it seems that carvacrol and thymol will result to reduction in ileal fat digestibility and carcass fat of broilers especially in subcutaneous fat.
Jamal Shirdel; Ali Nobakhat
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis(NO)medicinal plant powder on performance, carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broilers from 11 to 42 days in two experimental periods: grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis(NO)medicinal plant powder on performance, carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broilers from 11 to 42 days in two experimental periods: grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days). In this experiment 280 Ross- 308 broilers (male and female) were used completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 14 birds in each replicate. Experimental groups included: 1) control group (without NO), 2) group with 0.5% NO, 3) group with 1% NO, 3) group with 1.5% NO and 5) group with 2% NO. The results showed that using of NO without having any significant effects in carcass quality traits, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters, affect the performance of broilers in grower, finisher and total periods (p<0.05). In these periods, using 1% of NO powder in broilers diets improved the amount of daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The lowest amount of daily weight gain and the highest feed conversion ratio were observed in control group. The highest body weight was obtained with 1.5% of NO. In conclusion using 1% Nasturtium officinalispowder in broiler diets can improve their performance.
Soudabeh Moradi; Arash Moradi; Zahra Zanganeh
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of synthetic methionine replacement with herbal methionine (HM) on performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics in broiler chicken. A total of 280 8-old Ross 308 male chicken were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: control, ...
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This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of synthetic methionine replacement with herbal methionine (HM) on performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics in broiler chicken. A total of 280 8-old Ross 308 male chicken were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: control, in which 100% methionine requirement was supplied form DL-methionine, and in treatments 2 to 7, DL-methionine in control was replaced by 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100% HM, respectively. Each treatment replicated 4 times (10 birds per each). Body weight at 21 and 42 d in broilers fed HM in levels up to 60% and 50% replacement was similar to those fed control diet, respectively. Experimental treatments had no significant impact on feed intake during the trial. No differences were observed in carcass percentage and relative weights of abdominal fat, breast, tights, liver, heart, thymus, lien, and bursa among the treatments. Herbal methionine replacement had no significant effect on blood total protein, globulin, uric acid and triglyceride content. Concentration of serum albumin was significantly elevated in birds fed diets contained 80% HM, whereas cholesterol content in treatment 100% HM and glucose content in treatments 60, 80 and 100% HM significantly reduced in compare to control (P≤0.05). In conclusion, it could be feasible to use herbal methionine in broiler diets as a replacement to supply a part of the methionine requirement without negatively affecting performance or carcass traits.
Akbar Yaghobfar; Majid Kalantar; Faroborz Khajeali
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary enzyme supplemented non-starch polysaccharides on growth and physiological traits of broilers. 625 one day old Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 5 treatments with 5 replicates using a CRD statistical design ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary enzyme supplemented non-starch polysaccharides on growth and physiological traits of broilers. 625 one day old Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 5 treatments with 5 replicates using a CRD statistical design through 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of rearing period. Treatments were included control, wheat, wheat + enzyme, barley and barley + enzyme. According to the results, effect of various diets with different source of NSP on growth traits was significant and wheat or barley diets supplemented with enzymes had higher means than those without enzymes (p<0.01). Effect of various diets with different source of NSP supplemented with or without enzymes on villus morphology was significant (p<0.01). Wheat and barley without enzymes resulted in reducing villus height, adversely increasing villus width and crypt depth in three parts of intestine, but supplementation with enzymes restored the adverse effects (p<0.01). Wheat and barley without enzymes resulted in higher pancreatic enzyme activity and serum enzyme levels (p<0.01). Also these two diets resulted in higher gene expression for nutrient transporters and mucin producer in the intestine but supplementation with enzymes restored the situation (p<0.01). As a final result using of different source of non-starch polysaccharides without enzymes in this experiment resulted in destruction of broiler growth and physiological traits but supplementation with enzymes restored the undesirable effects.
Neda Farzanfar; Mehrdad Mohammadi; Mohammad Roostaie Ali-Mehr
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L of Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water on performance and immune response in broilers. Two hundred one- day- old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments with four replicates and 10 ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L of Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water on performance and immune response in broilers. Two hundred one- day- old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments with four replicates and 10 birds per cage in a completely randomized design. Daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. The birds were chalenged by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on days 8 and 22 of age and serum antibody levels produced in response to SRBC were measured on days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Skin response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injection was assessed intradermally on day 16. The Shirazi thyme aqueous extract had no effect on feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits. The consumption of 2 ml/L Shirazi thyme aqueous extract in drinking water increased total Anti-SRBC and IgM titers on day 21; 1 and 1.5 ml/L increased IgM titer on day 28; 0.5, 1.5 and 2 ml/L increased total Anti-SRBC and IgG titers on day 35 and 1.5 and 2 ml/L increased IgG titer on day 42 (P<0.05). Cell immunity in response to PHA-P injection was not affected by treatment groups. It can be concluded that Zataria multifora Boiss have no effects on performance and cell immunity but improve humoral immunity in broilers.
Negin Amiri; Mohammad Salarmoini; Shima Tasharrofi; Mohadeseh Eslami
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding of different nutrients on hatchability, initial weight after hatch, growth performance, blood parameters, immune organs and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding of different nutrients on hatchability, initial weight after hatch, growth performance, blood parameters, immune organs and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 16 fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeders (28 Week old) in each replicate. Experimental treatments Included: without injection (control) and injection of 0.7 ml of different nutrients into the yolk sac of fertile eggs on 14.5 d of incubation period, including: distilled water (sham), amino acids, dextrin 10% and dextrin 20%. Chicks were fasted for 36 hours after hatch.The results showed that in ovo injection of amino acids can led to heavier birth weight, in compare to sham and control treatments. Chicks hatched from eggs treated with dextrose 10% showed significantly the highest weight gain in 22- 42 d priod. Also, at the same time, chicks hatched from egges injected with distilled water (sham) showed significantly the highest feed intake and FCR. Blood glucose level after hatch were significantly lower in control and shame treatments than other treatment. Blood cholesterol level was significantly lower in shame treatment. In ovo injection of dextrin 10% led to higher relative weight of thymus (at 7 d of age). Also, the lowest relative weight of bursa at 42 d was for control treatment.Jejunal villus highet in chicks aged 3 d was significantly higher for those hatched from eggs treated with dextrin 10%.In conclusion, it seems that in ovo injection of nutrients especially dextrin 10% and 20% can be helpful to improve the performance of broilers.
Leila Lotfi; Mojtaba Zaghari; Saeed Zeinoddini; Mahmood Shivazad; Dariush Davoodi
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of nano and micro sources of manganese in broiler chickens. Two hundred and eight, 10-d-old male Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 4 replications and 4 chicks per replicate were studied for 35 days. During ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of nano and micro sources of manganese in broiler chickens. Two hundred and eight, 10-d-old male Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 4 replications and 4 chicks per replicate were studied for 35 days. During the experimental period, a basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 20 ppm Mn (control treatment) was supplemented with 70, 120, and 170 mg/Kg, Mn as graded levels, from four different sources (nano manganese oxide, carbonate and sulfate and micro manganese sulfate) and fed ad libitum. Results indicated that in comparison with micro MnSO4, nano manganese increased bone breaking strength significantly (P<0.01). The bioavailability of different sources of nano manganese in comparison to micro MnSO4 was higher significantly (P<0.01). The bioavailability of nano manganese sulfate, Carbonate and Oxide in comparison to micro manganese sulfate, on the basis of bone manganese content, was 324, 158 and 125 percent respectively. In conclusion, nano manganese had the substitutability of micro manganese sulfate in broilers diet to reduce leg abnormalities with no negative effect on performance.
aliasghar saki; morteza eftekhari
Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate the effects of organic acid mixture as well as two methionine supplements on performance, carcass characteristics and weight of gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens. Six hundred unsexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were utilized in a factorial arrangement ...
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A study was carried out to investigate the effects of organic acid mixture as well as two methionine supplements on performance, carcass characteristics and weight of gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens. Six hundred unsexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were utilized in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3×2) based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 4 replicates of 25 chicks each. a Chicks were placed in floor pens (1.2 ×2 m2). Experimental diets consisted of three levels of organic acid mixture consisting of formic, lactic, malic, citric, tartaric and ortho-phosphoric acid (under the trademark Orgacid) (0, 0.5, and 1%) and two sources of methionine supplement (DL-methionine and liquid methionine hydroxy analogue (Alimet). The experiment was carried out in two periods. Levels of 0.5 and 1% of organic acids mixtures increased body weight and improved feed conversion ratio (P
Mohammad Ehsani; Mehran Torki
Volume 42, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 311-320
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding a commercial Medicinal Plant (MP) powder containing garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diets that included Olive Pulp (OP), on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 240 day old male Ross-308 ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding a commercial Medicinal Plant (MP) powder containing garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diets that included Olive Pulp (OP), on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 240 day old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into six iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic dietary groups with equal average of body weight per cage. Four pens of birds (n=10) were assigned to each of the six dietary groups. The main factors taken into account within a 3×2 factorial arrangement were three dietary inclusion levels (0, 50 and 100 g/Kg diet) of OP and MP (0 and 2 g/Kg diet) addition. Body Weight (BW) and Feed Intake (FI) were assessed on the 21, 42 and 49th days of age. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance as a completely randomized design using GLM procedure of SAS. Chicks fed OP-included diets increased in FI during the starting period (0-21); however the reverse trend was found out during the growing period (22-49). Inclusion of OP in diets improved BWG of broilers during the starting period (P?0.05), however, BWGs did not significantly differ (P0.05), but increased BWG during the finishing period (43-49). Broilers fed OP-included diets had improved in FCR during all the rearing periods (P?0.05). Birds fed MP-included diets had improved in FCR during the finishing period (P0.05). In conclusion, OP (an agricultural by-product) can be included in diets of broilers up to 10% with no adverse effects on performance. Addition of the mix powder of garlic and thyme MP to diets of broilers would have beneficial effects on the birds' performance, especially in terms of BWG and FCR.
n. mirbabaie langarooi; mehrdad mohammadi; m. roostaei alimehr
Abstract
The effects of probiotic (Protexin) and formic acid were studied on humoral and cellular immunity in 200 Cobb broiler chicks in a completely randomized design of with 4 treatments and 5 replications (10 observations per replicate). Control group (C) did not receive any other than the base treatment. ...
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The effects of probiotic (Protexin) and formic acid were studied on humoral and cellular immunity in 200 Cobb broiler chicks in a completely randomized design of with 4 treatments and 5 replications (10 observations per replicate). Control group (C) did not receive any other than the base treatment. The chicks in the second (P), third (F) and forth (P+F) groups were fed with feed, which contained 0.1 g/kg Protexin, 0.8% formic acid vs. 0.1 g/kg Protexin + 0.8% formic acid in their diets, respectively. Daily feed intake weight gain. and feed conversion rates were recorded. The birds were immunized with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) on days 8 and 22 of age while serum antibody levels (produced in response to SRBC) being assessed through Hemagglutination Assay Technique on days 21, 28, 35, and 42. Skin response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injected intradermally on day 16 was recorded 24 and 48 h following after injection. The weights of thymus and bursa of fabricius were also recorded following slaughter. The results indicated that daily feed intake and feed conversion rates decreased in the treatment groups (P
Hamed Zargaran Esfahani; Seyed Davoud Sharifi; Abbas Barin; Ahmad Afzal Zadeh
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
The effect of silver nanoparticles as additive on broiler performance was investigated through employed of 312 day-old broiler chiks (Arbor-Acre Plus) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatment diets each in 4 replicates. Corn- soy based diets were formulated for starter, grower and finisher ...
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The effect of silver nanoparticles as additive on broiler performance was investigated through employed of 312 day-old broiler chiks (Arbor-Acre Plus) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatment diets each in 4 replicates. Corn- soy based diets were formulated for starter, grower and finisher according to NRC (1994) recommendations. The silver nanoparticle solutions (2000 ppm) were added to either diets or drinking water at concentrations of 400 and 800 ml per ton or cubic meter, respectively, to prepare the treatments. Two treatments either with or without antibiotic (flavomycin 500g/t) were considered as control groups. Feed intake and weight gain were weekly recorded. At the end of the experimental period, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected, slaughtered and the weight of carcass, abdominal fat and total digestive organs (total gut tract, caeca and liver) determined. The results showed that different levels of silver nanoparticles in diet and water had not significant effect on broilers performance, but birds fed antibiotic supplemented diet had the highest feed intake and weight gain at the overall rearing period (P
Somayeh Shahsavari; Mohamad SalarMoeini
Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2010
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of waste whole date, either with or without enzyme supplementation, on broiler performance. The chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the waste date were determined before a chick study of 3×2 factorial design arrangement, the treatments of ...
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An experiment was conducted to study the effect of waste whole date, either with or without enzyme supplementation, on broiler performance. The chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the waste date were determined before a chick study of 3×2 factorial design arrangement, the treatments of which consisted of three levels of waste whole date (0, 10 and 20%) and two levels of enzyme (0 and 0.035%). Two hundred and forty day-old male Ross broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups of 4 replicates of 10 chicks each. The date contained low CP as well as AMEn (3.4% and 2732 Kcal/kg, respectively). Except in the 0-3 week period, birds fed diets containing either level of date showed statistically lower weight gain. The use of date led to statistically higher feed ratio. Adding enzyme to the diets significantly (p
abldol-reza kamyab; alireza mohammad hosseini; mohammad moradi shahr babak
Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2009
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of withdrawing vitamin and/or trace mineral premixes from grower and finisher diets of broilers. A 2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of four diets and two-removal times (from 28 to 49, and from 35 to 49 days of age) was utilized. The ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of withdrawing vitamin and/or trace mineral premixes from grower and finisher diets of broilers. A 2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of four diets and two-removal times (from 28 to 49, and from 35 to 49 days of age) was utilized. The four diets consisted of control, supplemented with vitamin (VIT) and Trace Minerals (TM)(T1); TM with no VIT supplements (T2); VIT but no TM supplements (T3); neither VIT nor TM supplements (T4). Average Weight Gain (WG) and Feed Intake (FI) were not affected by treatments of 28 to 35 days of age (P>0.05). Feed intake for T2 was lower (P>0.05) than for T1 in the 35 to 42 days of age removal time. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences observed between T1 and other treatments for this trait. Feed intakes for T1 and T3 were greater (P>0.05) than those for the other treatments during the last week of age. Feed efficiency (FE) was greater (P0.05) in comparison with the other treatments. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among T1, T2, and T3 for feed efficiency. During the second days of age period weight gain for T2 and T4 were lower (P>0.05) than those for T1 and T3 during the last two weeks of age. FI for T3 was greater (P>0.05) than that for the other treatments during the last week of age, but no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed between T1 and T4. FI for T1 was greater (P
mojtaba nobakht; fariborz khajali; mehrab faraji nafchi
Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2009
Abstract
Three hundred and sixty broiler chicks (Ross 308) were employed in an experiment from 6 to 49 days of age to evaluate the effect of replacing canola meal for soybean meal either with or without enzyme supplementation. Dietary treatments included 5 substitution levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) at two enzyme ...
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Three hundred and sixty broiler chicks (Ross 308) were employed in an experiment from 6 to 49 days of age to evaluate the effect of replacing canola meal for soybean meal either with or without enzyme supplementation. Dietary treatments included 5 substitution levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) at two enzyme concentrations of: 0 and 400 g/ton in a 5×2 factorial layout experiment. The enzyme mixture contained mainly ?-glucanase activity and to some extent xylanase activity. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Body weight gain during 6 to 21d was significantly (P
