Mohammad Javad Khalifeh; Mohsen Sari; Mehdi Dehghan Banadaky
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of including sucrose, with or without calcium salts of fish oil on performance, carcase characteristics and meat fatty acids profile of fattening Holstein steers. Thirty sixth Holstein steers (269±57 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effects of including sucrose, with or without calcium salts of fish oil on performance, carcase characteristics and meat fatty acids profile of fattening Holstein steers. Thirty sixth Holstein steers (269±57 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement during 128 days of experimental period. Dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) sucrose (SU) (5% DM), 3) calcium salts of fish oil (CF) (2.5% DM), 4) SU and CF. Average daily gain increased with added SU (P>0.01). An interaction between SU and Ca-FO was found on dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.05) and dry matter content of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of Ca-FO increased the concentration of vaccinec acid and CLA in longissimus dorsi (P=0.03). Total PUFA n-3 increased in longissimus dorsi and subsequently decreased n-6: n-3 ratio and increases intramuscular storage of EPA & DHA fatty acids (P=0.01). The results of this study showed addition SU and Ca-FO could have stimulatory effect on dry matter intake and avrage daily gain in fattening steers. Also Ca-FO increased concentration of n-3 fatty acids, vaccinec and CLA acids which means improving meat quality and nutritional valus.
Abolfazl Soltani; Mehdi Dehghan banadaky; Abolfazl Zali; Farhang Fatehi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the replacement of corn silage with barley silage on high producing dairy cow performance. Thirty six high-producing (57.3±3.9kg/d) dairy cow in mid-lactation (93±7 DIM) were assigned to one of three experimental treatments including ...
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the replacement of corn silage with barley silage on high producing dairy cow performance. Thirty six high-producing (57.3±3.9kg/d) dairy cow in mid-lactation (93±7 DIM) were assigned to one of three experimental treatments including (1) no barley silage (BS) and 30% corn silage (CS), (2) 10% BS and 20% CS, and (3) 20% BS and 10 % CS in the TMR over two 24-day periods. The results showed that replacement of corn silage with barley silage linearly increased fat corrected milk (FCM; P=0.04), fat yield (P=0.04) and fat corrected milk production efficiency (P=0.01). There was also a tendency for linear increase in milk fat percentage (P=0.08), and linear decrease in milk lactose percentage (P=0.05). Ruminal acetate proportion and pH increased with increasing barley silage and propionate proportion decreased. Increasing barley silage resulted in linear increase in dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDF; P<0.05). This study showed that replacing corn silage with barley silage could be considered as a successful strategy to improve performance and forage provisions of high-producing dairy cows.
Pouria Shahbedini; Mehdi Dehghan Banadaky; Kamran Rezayazdi; Mohammad Hossein Nazaran
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral supplementation and chelates of trace elements on production, milk composition and blood parameters of lactating Holstein cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments; 1) the basic diet ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral supplementation and chelates of trace elements on production, milk composition and blood parameters of lactating Holstein cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments; 1) the basic diet include inorganic trace minerals (C), 2) 55 mg of iron, 125 mg of copper, 360 mg of zinc, 3.5 mg of chromium, 200 mg of manganese, 2 mg of selenium and 12 mg of cobalt with daily feeding of 7 g of Bonzaplex7 chelated mineral supplement (B), 3) the same amount of zinc, manganese, copper and cobalt was supplied with 7 gr of organic trace mineral supplement Availa4 (A), 4) feeding 7 gr of Availa 4 plus 3.5 gr of Availa-Cr, 2 gr of Availa-Se, 1gr of Availa-Fe (A+3). This study lasted 35 days. Daily feed intake and milk production (3X) were recorded. In spite of more numerical increase in milk yield in treatment B, no effect was observed on the production of milk, milk composition, dry matter intake and rumen metabolites. Plasma glucose concentration in treatments tended to decrease (P=0.07). Plasma triglyceride concentration decreased significantly in treatments (A), (B), (A+3) compared to group (C), present results could be related to increase bioavailability of trace minerals in chelated form specially chromium and copper in present study.
AmirHossein Sarreshtehdari; Saeed Zeinoaldini; Mahdi Dehghan Banadaki; Tooba Nadri
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of behavior of workers on production performance of Holstein cows. A number of 48 Holstein milky cows were used in this study. At first two groups, including four workers, were asked to treat cows based on pre-research training. The first group, was asked ...
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This study was designed to evaluate the impact of behavior of workers on production performance of Holstein cows. A number of 48 Holstein milky cows were used in this study. At first two groups, including four workers, were asked to treat cows based on pre-research training. The first group, was asked to behavior common, however second group was asked to behavior kindly and positively. During the experiment, behaviors of all livestock and workers were recorded and evaluated using video imagery and amount of cortisol concentration and produced milk were recorded. The study lasted for 5 weeks and in the end of experiment the results were as follows: livestock that were treated kindly produce significantly higher milk, 4.86% (p˂0.05), than the control group. Cortisol concentrations also differed significantly between the two groups (p˂0.05), which showed decreased stress in the organs that were treated positively. The positive behavior cause significant decrease in cortisol concentrations in milky cows, which in turn causes decreased stress in milking cows.
Hadi Moradi; Mahdi Ganjkhanlou; Abolfazl Zali; Mehdi Dehghan Banadaky
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different sources of fatty acids on the performance and liver activity indices of Holstein cows during the transition period. Thirty-five cows were randomly assigned (from 21 days prepartum to 21 days postpartum) to 5 dietary treatments consisting ...
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different sources of fatty acids on the performance and liver activity indices of Holstein cows during the transition period. Thirty-five cows were randomly assigned (from 21 days prepartum to 21 days postpartum) to 5 dietary treatments consisting of a diet containing palm oil (T1) as control, CLA fat supplement (T2), extruded flaxseed (T3), mixes of CLA fat supplement and extruded flaxseed(T4), and sesame oil and sesame meal (T5). The amounts of dry matter intake and milk yields were measured daily and milk composition was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected weekly to determine the concentration of plasma parameters. Feed intake, milk yields and milk composition were generally similar among treatments (P>0.05). Among blood parameters, the levels of urea and total protein affected by treatment in postpartum (P <0/05). The concentration of total protein in group T3 was higher than group T1. The urea concentration in group T5 was higher as compared with group T3. Amount of aspartate aminotransferase in prepartum had a significant tendency between treatments (P<0.1) and the highest amount was observed for group T1. The results of this study showed that CLA supplementation and extruded flaxseed increased total protein and reduced blood urea and has a beneficial effect on the health of the liver during the transition period.
Shahrzad Joz-Ghasemi; Hamid Amanlou; Mehdi Dehghan Banadaki; T.G. Nagaraja
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of liver abscess in lactating and dry Holstein cows and its effect on some blood parameters and histology of hepatocytes. The liver of 577 lactating and dry Holstein cows at the time of slaughter were examined in two abattoirs in Iran. Cow’s ...
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of liver abscess in lactating and dry Holstein cows and its effect on some blood parameters and histology of hepatocytes. The liver of 577 lactating and dry Holstein cows at the time of slaughter were examined in two abattoirs in Iran. Cow’s blood samples were collected from at the time of slaughter. Sixty healthy cows, i.e., the same number of cows with liver abscesses (which had no problem in terms of autopsy and splanchnic checking), were considered as control group according to herd and number of gestation. The livers of the cows were divided into 4 groups immediately after slaughter, liver without abscess score 0, liver with one or two small abscesses or scars; score A+, liver with two to four well-organized abscesses; score A, and liver with one or more large open abscesses, with or without adhesions; score A+. The slaughterhouse survey showed that, 10.4% (60 cows) had liver abscesses (25, 31.7 and 43.3 % for A-, A and A+). Histological results showed that in livers with abscesses, natural form of hepatocytes close to sinusoids had changed and parts of the affected tissue showed necrosis and the numbers of Kupffer cells were increased in compare to healthy livers. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the blood serum of cattle with liver abscesses with A, A and A + scores were higher than that of healthy cows (P≤0.01), while the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the cows affected by the abscess was lower than the healthy group (P≤0.01). Cows with liver abscesses with scores A-, A and A+ had lower concentrations of albumin and serum cholesterol than healthy cows (P≤0.01). The results of this study showed that the higher concentrations of liver enzymes and low blood concentrations of albumin and cholestrol in cows with liver abscesses may be due to the destruction of liver cells and inflammation. In conclusion, some blood parameters can be used as an indicator for assessing the status of liver abscess.
Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky; Rasoul Pirmohammadi; Behzad AsadnEjad
Abstract
In this research encapsulated fish oil Ca-salts were produced by using a saturated FA containing material and evaluated. Nutrient content and FA profiles of produced supplements were determined and ruminal biohydrogenation and oil releasing were examined in vitro. Additionally, in a complementary in ...
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In this research encapsulated fish oil Ca-salts were produced by using a saturated FA containing material and evaluated. Nutrient content and FA profiles of produced supplements were determined and ruminal biohydrogenation and oil releasing were examined in vitro. Additionally, in a complementary in vivo experiment, effects of dietary inclusion of fish oil, ca-salts and encapsulated ca-salts on nutrient digestibility and ruminal paramerters were evaluated using three rumen fistulated Holstein cows. Encapsulation of Ca-Salts increased protection efficiency of PUFA against ruminal biohydrogenation. Encapsulated ca-salts with 10 % of wall material (weight basis) had lower biohydrogenation afer 48-h in vitro incubation (P˂ 0.05). Encapsulation of ca-salts decreased rumen oil release but oil release in other simulated media or total tract oil release were not affected by encapsulation (P˃ 0.05). Protected supplements increased nutrient digestibility compared with fish oil (P˂ 0.05). Non-encapsulated fish oil decreased acetate and rumen N-NH3 concentration as well as protozoa `population, but increased propionic acid concentration (P˂0.05). Encapsulation of Ca-Salt did not change rumen parameters (P˃ 0.05). According to the results, it can be concluded that encapsulation of ca-salts increased protection of PUFA against ruminal biohydrogenation without worse effects on rumen parameters. Encapsulation with 10 % of wall material (weight basis) can be presented as the best treatment according to chemical composition, fatty acid profiles, rumen biohydrogenation and oil release results.
Nasrin Mahdavirad; Morteza Chaji; Mohammad Bojarpour; Mehdi Dehghan banadaki
Abstract
The aim of present experiment was to investigate the buffering capacity of some buffers or alkalizers, their effect on digestion and fermentation of high concentration diets. The concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g in 100 ml from different buffers and alkalizing agents including: sodium bicarbonate, ...
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The aim of present experiment was to investigate the buffering capacity of some buffers or alkalizers, their effect on digestion and fermentation of high concentration diets. The concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g in 100 ml from different buffers and alkalizing agents including: sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, zeolite and combined buffer (0.75% sodium bicarbonate+ 0.75% sodium sesquicarbonate) was used. The initial pH of the buffer solution, the amount of consumed hydrochloric acid for abrupt changes of pH to 5.2 or below it, and the final pH was registered. The lowest amount of the hydrochloric acid was consumed for solutions containing sodium bentonite, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and control for suddently dropping their pH; and highest amount by sodium sesquicarbonate, combined buffer and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. The zeolite buffer also indicated a proper resistance to pH changes and did not have a significant difference with the combined buffer or sodium bicarbonate buffer. The treatments in gas production were included: control or basal diet without buffer, and amounts of 0.5 to 2% sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 to 2% sodium sesquicarbonate, 0.5% sodium bentonite, 2% magnesium carbonate, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% of zeolite and combined buffer, which were added to basal diet. The highest produced gas was in the sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, combined buffers and zeolite. Therefore, sodium sesquicarbonate, combined buffers, sodium bicarbonate and zeolite had the best position respectively, which were evaluated as suitable buffers for using in diets containing high concentration ingredients for feeding the ruminant animals.
Ali Khalaj Hedayati; Yadollah Chashnidel; Mahdi Dehghan banadaki; Asadollah Teimori Yansari
Abstract
Three Non-lactating Holstein cows equipped with ruminal cannulas were used to determine the impact of different methods of treating soybean meal (SBM) on the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids (AA). Solvent-extracted SBM (Control), Meal processed by adding ...
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Three Non-lactating Holstein cows equipped with ruminal cannulas were used to determine the impact of different methods of treating soybean meal (SBM) on the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids (AA). Solvent-extracted SBM (Control), Meal processed by adding 25% (w/w) water and heated at 150 °C for 30 minutes (treatment 2), Meal heated at 150 °C for 30 minutes (treatment 3), and meal melted xylose by adding 3 moles per mole of lysine and heated at 150 °C for 30 minutes (treatment 4), were incubated in the rumen in nylon bags for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h according to National Research Council (2001) guidelines. Processing of SBM caused the rapidly degradable CP fraction, slowly degradable CP fraction and the constant degradation rate of crude protein was reduce, increase and decreased, respectively (P <0.05). There has a significant differences between treatment on the ruminal disappearance of amino acids except threonine and glycine (P<0.05). Intestinal disappearance of crude protein had no difference between treatments. However, the rate of disappearance of essential amino acids except threonine had differences between treatments (P <0.05). Processing with xylose improved bioavailability of the lysine (P <0.05). Results had shown that there have differences between RUP amino acid profile of original SBM and processed products.
Shahrzad Jozghassemi; Hamid Amanlou; Mehdi Dehghan-banadaki; T.G. Nagaraja
Abstract
To investigate the effects of tylosin injection in dairy cows at dry period on performance, milk composition and some blood parameters in subsequent lactation, 120 Holstein cows with a mean weight of 720±20Kg were used. Treatments were no tylosin (treatment 1; control group), injected 0.025 (treatment ...
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To investigate the effects of tylosin injection in dairy cows at dry period on performance, milk composition and some blood parameters in subsequent lactation, 120 Holstein cows with a mean weight of 720±20Kg were used. Treatments were no tylosin (treatment 1; control group), injected 0.025 (treatment 2 low tylosin; LT) and 0.05 (treatment 3 high tylosin; HT) ml tylosin 20% per kg of body weight per day for 3 days after drying days. To determine biochemical parameters blood samples were collected at the drying day and 0, 7, 14, and 21 of lactation. Data of milk production and composition were collected for 4 months after calving. The difference between serum total protein concentration between treatments tended to be significant (P=0.051). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were lower in the control group (P<0.05). The activity of creatine kinase (CK) tended to be significant (P=0.053) with tylosin injection. Milk production, milk protein and fat contents, calving parameters and periparturition disorders did not affect by tylosin injection (P>0.05). The incidence of mastitis in the groups receiving tylosin was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). Results suggest that tylosin do not cause dramatic changes in serum clinical chemistry profiles, but it was effective in reducing the occurrence of mastitis and had no negative effect on parturition, disorders around it and calf losses until 2 month of age.
Morteza Mansooryar; Hamidreza Mirzaei Alamouti; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between calving body condition score (BCS) as well as first and second milk test postpartum with clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence. After calving 117 multiparous cows were divided to two groups based on their BCS as fat and normal conditioned ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between calving body condition score (BCS) as well as first and second milk test postpartum with clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence. After calving 117 multiparous cows were divided to two groups based on their BCS as fat and normal conditioned and milk samples were taken in week one and two postpartum. The results showed BCS at calving time had no significant relationships with udder health. Milk protein and fat had significant associations with udder health in week 1 and 2 postpartum; however in none of weeks no meaningful relationships were found between milk fat to protein ratio with udder inflammation. Therefore, calving BCS and fat to protein ratio are not reliable markers for clinical or subclinical mastitis incidence; however milk fat and protein in week 1 and 2 postpartum can be used as proper markers for predicting subclinical mastitis in dairy cows at early lactation.
Shahpour Kheirabadi; Mehdi Dehghan-banadaky; Mehdi Ganjkhanlou
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of starch sources replacement by fat supplements on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolite parameters of Holstein young bulls. 28 Holstein young bulls (274±31 Kg BW) were fed with four diets containing 1) diet with high level ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of starch sources replacement by fat supplements on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolite parameters of Holstein young bulls. 28 Holstein young bulls (274±31 Kg BW) were fed with four diets containing 1) diet with high level of saturated fat supplement 2) diet with low level of saturated fat supplement 3) diet with high level of unsaturated fat supplement and 4) low level of unsaturated fat supplement for in completely randomized design duration about 100 days. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Body weight changes and dry mater intake, were measured montly and daily repectively. Daily body weight gain, final weight, DMI and feed conversation rate were not different between treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids concentration not affected by treatments. Blood metabolite parameter were measured and there was no significant effect observed between treatments except for total cholesterol which in diets with high level of crude fat (6.9%) was grater (p<0.05) than diets with low level of crude fat (3.8%). Finally, based on the results, it can be concluded that fatty acids supplements can be used as an energy source in feedlot farms in shortage of grain.
Narges Vahdani; Mehdi Dehghan-banadaky; Kamran Rezayazdi; Farahnaz Khalighi-Sigaroodi
Abstract
In this research to investigate of the effect of tannin`s type and level on rumenal degradation of soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM), two experiments have be done. At first experiment supplements were treated by semi-pure tannin of pomegranate-pistachio (PP), in different levels (0, 10 and 15 % ...
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In this research to investigate of the effect of tannin`s type and level on rumenal degradation of soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM), two experiments have be done. At first experiment supplements were treated by semi-pure tannin of pomegranate-pistachio (PP), in different levels (0, 10 and 15 % of DM for SBM and 0, 5 and 10% of DM for CM). In second experiment, these supplements were treated by (PP), pomegranate-tea (PT) and sole pomegranate (P) at same levels (10% of DM). The effects of these treatments on protein fractioning of treated and untreated SMB and CM was determined by, CNCPS system, in comparison with fish meal (FM) and corn gluten meal (CGM), as a sources of bypass protein. According to results, treated SBM by PP 10% (SBM-PP) and treated CM by PP5% could increase bypass protein fraction in comparison with FM and CGM. So it can be concluded that these treatments, could be used in reminant diet to provide by pass protein, but further research is necessary to investigate in vivo effects of these treatments.
Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky; Mohammad Ghaffarzadeh; Kamran Rezayazdi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine effects of different fatty acid profiles on rumen digestion coefficients, some of rumen metabolism parameters and rumen microbial populations. Different oils were used as source of fatty acids such as, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic, DHA and EPA. Palmitic acid supplemented ...
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The aim of this study was to determine effects of different fatty acid profiles on rumen digestion coefficients, some of rumen metabolism parameters and rumen microbial populations. Different oils were used as source of fatty acids such as, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic, DHA and EPA. Palmitic acid supplemented from a commercial product (BergaFat T-300) containing high Palmitic acid percentage. Results showed that supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids led to reduction in nutrient digestibility and rumen population of protozoa, anaerobic fungi and cellulolytic bacteria (P˂0.05). Fish oil resulted in higher population of proteolytic and amilolytic bacteria in expense of cellulolytic and major biohydrogenating population (P˂0.05). Palmitic acid source reduced population of two of major cellulolytic bacteria, but there were no effects on cell wall digestibility, total and profile of rumen VFA (P>0.05). All of the oil supplements except for Palmitic acid supplement reduced methanogeinic archaea (P˂0.05). Unsaturated fatty acid sources including fish oil greatly reduced rumen biohydrogenating bacteria population (P˂0.05). Rumen total VFA and acetate concentration but not propionate decrease as PUFA sources supplemented. Fish oil resulted in greatest reduction in VFA concentration compared with control (103.9 vs. 74.0 mM/L, respectively).
Shahin Yadeghari; Mostafa Malecky; Pouya Zamani; Mahdi Dehghan-Banadaky
Abstract
Theaim of the current study was to assess effects of different levels of Origanum vulgare (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L) on kinetics of gas production, some ruminal digestion and fermentation parameters, methane production and also to determine its potential in controlling rumen acidosis using in vitro ...
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Theaim of the current study was to assess effects of different levels of Origanum vulgare (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L) on kinetics of gas production, some ruminal digestion and fermentation parameters, methane production and also to determine its potential in controlling rumen acidosis using in vitro method in four separate phases. In the first phase, the asymptote of gas production (A) and gas production rate (b) were changed nonlinearly and lag phase (L) increased linearly with increasing doses of oregano essential oils (P<0.0). The highest A and b and the lowest L were observed at 250 mg/L of the essential oil. In the second phase, the in vitro true dry matter (IVTDMD) and organic matter (IVTOMD) degradability, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration decreased at doses higher than 500 mg/L. However, the gas produced after 24 h of incubation (GP24) and microbial biomass (MB) were increased at doses up to 750 mg/L. The molar proportion of acetate and propionate increased and that of butyrate decreased at doses higher than 500 mg/L. Using oregano essential oil resulted also in a nonlinear decrease in concentration and percentage of produced methane, but had no effect at any of the used doses in controlling rumen acidosis.
Reza Nazarzade; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaki; Hamid Amanloo; Hamidreza Mirzaee Almoti
Abstract
The objective fllowed in the present study was to evaluate the effects of different milkingfrequencies on milk production and on blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Sixty-six fresh Holsteincows were allocated to two treatments namely: 4 (4x) vs. 6 times (6x) of daily milking, during the first3 months ...
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The objective fllowed in the present study was to evaluate the effects of different milkingfrequencies on milk production and on blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Sixty-six fresh Holsteincows were allocated to two treatments namely: 4 (4x) vs. 6 times (6x) of daily milking, during the first3 months of lactation, and then switching on to a three times of daily milking until end of the lactationperiod. Milk yield was recorded as on two consecutive days in each week. Cows were weighted andscored for their body conditions immediately after calving and as well during each month of theexperimental period. Blood and milk samples were collected monthly. Milk and fat corrected milkyield did not differ among treatments. Milk fat and protein percentage did not differ among treatmentsrather, but milk lactose was percentage wise lower for 4x milked cows (P<0.01). Somatic cell count in4x cows was higher than the 6x ones (P<0.05). Treatments did not differ in blood metabolites,concentrations. Milking frequency did not affect dry matter intake either. Body weight changes andBody Condition Scores (BCSs) were higher in 6x cows than those in 4x ones. It was finally concludedthat 4x treatment, during early lactation, was more appropriate than the 6x.
Majid SAVARI; Mehdi DEHGHAN BANADAKI; Kamran REZAYAZDI; Mohammad JAVAN-NIKKHAH
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi following their infestation of food crops.One of the effective approaches to control aflatoxicosis is the use of adsorbents. The aim thusfollowed in the present study was a comparison of various adsorbents viz. Bentonite, Zeolite, vs. anorganic commercial ...
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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi following their infestation of food crops.One of the effective approaches to control aflatoxicosis is the use of adsorbents. The aim thusfollowed in the present study was a comparison of various adsorbents viz. Bentonite, Zeolite, vs. anorganic commercial adsorbent (Mycosorb) and a mineral – organic commercial adsorbent (Biotox)regarding their potential to adsorb aflatoxin B1. AFB1- contaminated rice was prepared by itsinoculation with the Aspergillus parasiticus, strain type PTTC 5286. levels of aflatoxin, present in thecontaminated rice were determined through HPLC. AFB١ was chloroform extracted thrice, by havingrice soaked in chloroform. Adsorbents were individually mixed at three different ratios with AFB١(1:1000, 1:5000 and 1:15000, w/w), in a buffer solution, centrifuged and the supernatant evaluated forAflatoxin B١ conted using Aflatoxin B١ ELISA kit. The design employed was a completelyrandomized one of: 4×3 factorial arrangement. Results indicated that at 1:15000 Aflatoxin toadsorbent ratio, Zeolite, Mycosorb and Biotox sequestered (adsorbed) about 0.8, 0.81 and 0.83 of theAFB١. This efficacy decreased with the amounts of adsorbents reduced. Bentonite had the poorestsequestering efficacy, with 0.38 being the maximum value obtained for the 1:15000 Aflatoxin toadsorbent ratio treatment. There was a significant difference observed among the three ratios and aswell between Biotox and other adsorbents for their percentages of AFB1 adsorption (P<0.001).
kamran rezayazdi
Abstract
The aim followed in the present study was to investigate the effects of different Metabolizable Protein (MP) levels on Holstein cows, milk yield and composition, and as well on concentration of plasma metabolites in the cow,s early lactation. Twenty - four Holstein cows(BW 580±23, DIM 30±7, ...
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The aim followed in the present study was to investigate the effects of different Metabolizable Protein (MP) levels on Holstein cows, milk yield and composition, and as well on concentration of plasma metabolites in the cow,s early lactation. Twenty - four Holstein cows(BW 580±23, DIM 30±7, parity 2.4±0.5) were randomly assigned to each one of the 4 dietary treatments containing 1) 10.60% (diet A), 2) 11.07 (diet B), 3) 11.54 (diet C), and 4)12.00 % (diet D) of MP on a dry matter basis. The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results revealed that none of the factors of: dry matter intake, body weight change, milk fat yield, or non-fat solids were affected by the diets. Fat corrected milk yield and milk protein yield increased as the MP level increased up to 11.54% of dry matter and more. Rumen metabolites, namely concentration of total volatile fatty acids, proportion of individual volatile fatty acids, pH and concentration of ammonia were not affected by dietary treatments. Concentration of blood glucose, cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were not affected by different MP levels. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen increased with incrase in the MP level,
Mahdi Eftekhari; Aboulfazl Zali; Mahdi Dehghan Banadaki; Mahdi Ganjkhanlou
Abstract
In this study, 32 multiparous non lactating Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation and dietary energy source on production and nutrient digestibility during the periparturient period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration from 28 days before ...
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In this study, 32 multiparous non lactating Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation and dietary energy source on production and nutrient digestibility during the periparturient period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration from 28 days before anticipated calving through 28 days after calving. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with 2 (energy sources) × 2 (Cr-Met levels) factorial arrangement. Energy sources in the prepartum were fish oil and grain, and were fish oil and palm fat powder in the postpartum. The Cr-Met was supplemented at dosages of 0 or 0.08 mg of Cr/kg of metabolic body weight. Fish oil Supplementation had no significant effect on prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) but tended to decrease postpartum DMI (P< 0.1). Supplemental Cr-Met increased prepartum and postpartum DMI significantly (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on milk production was not significant. No differences were detected in milk composition except for fat percentage in which cows were fed the fish oil had lower percentage of fat compare to others. Supplemental Cr-Met had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility in the prepartum and postpartum. Use of fish oil had no effect on nutrient digestibility in the prepartum, but decreased digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in the postpartum(P<0.05). Results of this study indicate no significant interaction between chromium supplementation and energy source.
Peyman Paravian; Gholamali Nehzati; kamran Reza-yazdi; Mahdi Dehghan
Abstract
In order to surveying the effect of feeding propolis on performance, feed intake and digestibility in Holstein suckling calves, the experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (diet) and 10 replicates (cattle) during 52 days. Treatments included: 1. Control (without monensin ...
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In order to surveying the effect of feeding propolis on performance, feed intake and digestibility in Holstein suckling calves, the experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (diet) and 10 replicates (cattle) during 52 days. Treatments included: 1. Control (without monensin in starter and without propolis in milk); 2. Starter without monensin and 500 ppm soluble propolis powder in milk; 3. Starter without monensin and 1000 ppm soluble propolis powder in milk; and 4. Monensin in starter and without propolis in milk. Statistical analysis was done with SAS software and PROC MIXED and GLM. There was significant difference between treatments for means body weight during suckling (P<0.05) and whole period (suckling and after suckling) (P<0.01). Treatment 3 had the highest and treatment 2 had the lowest body weight. The wither height in treatment 3 had significant difference with other groups (P<0.01). Both treatment 3 and 2 had the highest wither height in order. There was significant difference between treatments for dry matter intake both in whole period and after suckling (P<0.05). In whole period treatment 1 had the highest and treatment 4 had the lowest dry matter intake. There was no significant discrepancy in terms of feed efficiency and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber. According to positive effect of propolis (biological antibiotic) on the performance of calves in compare of monensin (synthetic antibiotic), it is recommended to use 1000 ppm propolis in per kg milk in suckling calves.
Mehdi Dehghan-banadaky; fatemeh kazemi; abolfazl zali; kamran rezayazdi
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of bacterial additives on chemical characteristics and ruminal degradability of Alfalfa silage. In this experiment the treatments consisted of: 1-untreated alfalfa silage (control), 2-treated with Ecosyl (EC), 3- Lacticil Maize (LM), and ...
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of bacterial additives on chemical characteristics and ruminal degradability of Alfalfa silage. In this experiment the treatments consisted of: 1-untreated alfalfa silage (control), 2-treated with Ecosyl (EC), 3- Lacticil Maize (LM), and 4- a combination of both additives, EC and LM, at half level of treatments 2 and 3. Silos were opened up on day 40 the following ensiling. Silages quality were assessed. Degradibility parameters were estimated through tests carried out on 3 fistulated Holstein dry cows. EC treatment exhibited the lowest Dry Matter (DM) among treatments (P
kamal erjayi; abolfazl zali; mahdi ganjkhanloo; mahdi dehghan
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of wheat processing and dietary lipid sources on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acids profile in meat of fattening calves, a number of 28 Holstein male calves averaging in weight of 296±56kg were randomly allotted in four treatments (7 steers each). ...
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To evaluate the effects of wheat processing and dietary lipid sources on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acids profile in meat of fattening calves, a number of 28 Holstein male calves averaging in weight of 296±56kg were randomly allotted in four treatments (7 steers each). The Study was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two methods of wheat processing: steam flake and treatment with formaldehyde and lipid source; Roasted Soybean (RSB) and Rumifat). The experiment followed a completely randomized design. The study lasted for 98 ds (14d adaption). Dry Mater Intake (DMI) and Average Daily Gain (ADG) of calves were respectively evaluated daily and monthly. Following the ?nal weighing at 85d, and in order to measure the traits related to carcass characteristics, three steers per treatment were slaughtered. No significant differences were detected for DMI, ADG and feed efficiency. Carcass traits were not affected by dietary treatments. The levels of C18:2, C18:3, C24:0 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were greater (P < 0.01) in steaks from steers fed RSB. RSB consumption resulted in increases the levels of C18:0 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in steaks (P < 0.02). In contrast, amount of C:16 and Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) were greater (P < 0.01 and P
narges vahdani; hosein moravj; kamran reza yazdi; mahdi dehghan
Abstract
For treatment of Anti-Nutritional Factors(ANFs), (?-N-oxalyl -L- ?, ? -diaminopropionic acid (?-ODAP) and Condensed Tannin (CT)) in grass pea, some such alkali treatments as NaOH, NaHCO3, KMnO4 and wood ash, besides water soaking and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (6000 MW) were employed . Metabolizable Energy ...
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For treatment of Anti-Nutritional Factors(ANFs), (?-N-oxalyl -L- ?, ? -diaminopropionic acid (?-ODAP) and Condensed Tannin (CT)) in grass pea, some such alkali treatments as NaOH, NaHCO3, KMnO4 and wood ash, besides water soaking and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (6000 MW) were employed . Metabolizable Energy (ME) of treated and of untreated grass pea was assessed using gas production technique, two-stage in vitro digestibility technique as well as chemical composition determination. merely NaOH treatment significantly increased ME in two step digestibility method. In ME calculation that using gas production, the ME content of grass pea was 8.52 (MJ/Kg DM), while water soaking and PEG revealed the highest levels of, 11.48 and 10.96 (MJ/Kg DM), respectively. There were negative significant correlations observed between ?-ODAP concentration and both OMD (-0.47) as well as DOMD (-0.48). There was no negative effect of CT content of grass pea on dry matter digestibility (correlation 0.55). As regards high crude protein content, percent of ?-ODAP reduction and ME content, either one of NaOH or water soaking treatments are recommended as the most suitable treatments as regards grass pea.
Hamed Khalilvand Behroozyar; Mahdi Dehghan Banadaki; Kamran RezaYazdi
Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2011, , Pages 391-403
Abstract
Effects of Condensed Tannins (CT) on crude protein availability in sainfoin hay was investigated according to most popular ruminant feeding systems. Different treatments including Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW), sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, wood ash, water and urea, were ...
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Effects of Condensed Tannins (CT) on crude protein availability in sainfoin hay was investigated according to most popular ruminant feeding systems. Different treatments including Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW), sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, wood ash, water and urea, were applied for deactivation of CT Crude protein fractioning was determined using nylon bag technique, AFRC and CNCPS systems. Total phenolic compounds, total tannin and condensed tannin content of control hay were 39.4, 38.5 and 21.3 g/kg DM, respectively. PEG and water treatments resulted in higher CT deactivation values as compared with other treatments. Ruminal crude protein degradability, effective degradability and metabolizable protein content, in sainfoin hay, significantly increased with tannin deactivation. Condensed tannin deactivation, caused the reduction of C fraction in CNCPS while increasing crude protein availability. It can be concluded that deactivation of condensed tannins could lead to an increase in crude protein availability in sainfoin hay. Nonetheless PEG, water and wood ash are the most effective in increasing nitrogen availability. No chemicals are employed in water treatment, it benefits from economic justification and ease of use, and is finally concluded as a low cost practical procedure for the processing of sainfoin on the farm.
Hossein Abdi Benmar; Kamran Rezayazdi; Mehdi Dehghan banadaki
Volume 42, Issue 3 , January 2011, , Pages 221-230
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different level protein diets with rumen protected methionine and lysine on performance and ruminal parameters in Holstein dairy cows when in their early lactation. Twenty one dairy cows in their early lactations were assigned ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different level protein diets with rumen protected methionine and lysine on performance and ruminal parameters in Holstein dairy cows when in their early lactation. Twenty one dairy cows in their early lactations were assigned to three treatments in a randomized block design experiment of a 35-d duration period. Diets were: 1) High protein diet containing 17.5% crude protein (CP), 2) Moderate protein diet bearing 16% CP along with 12 gr/d of rumen protected methionine, 3) Low protein diet with 14.5% CP plus 14 gr/d of rumen protected methionine and also 5 gr/d of rumen protected lysine. Dry matter intake, milk production, 3.5% fat corrected milk (3.5% FCM), percent content of milk fat, molar concentration of rumen volatile fatty acids and ruminal fluid pH were not significantly affected by diets. However, experimental treatments significantly affected percent of milk protein, milk urea nitrogen and ruminal ammonia concentration (P
